Enzyme Cofactor

Manganese is an important cofactor of enzymes involved in isoprenoid biosynthesis, supporting various metabolic pathways essential for plant growth, development, and defense mechanisms.

Essential for Photosynthesis

Manganese serves as an essential cofactor for the oxygen-evolving complex (OEC) of the photosynthetic machinery, catalyzing the water-splitting reaction in photosystem II (PSII), which is the first step of photosynthesis.

Promotes Photosynthesis

As the causant of the water-splitting reaction in PSII, Mn directly contributes to the efficient functioning of photosynthesis, ensuring optimal energy production for plant growth and development.

Supports Metabolic Processes

Mn sustains metabolic roles within different plant cell compartments and plays a crucial role in diverse processes of a plant's life cycle, including photosynthesis, respiration, scavenging of reactive oxygen species (ROS), pathogen defense, and hormone signaling.