Neem Extracts are extracts from the collected leaves and seeds of an evergreen tree Azadirachta indica. Manufacturer & Exporter in USA.. For more info visit our website! < Microbial Species Antifeedant Antifeedants are natural or synthetic substances that deter pests from feeding on plants by making the plants unpalatable or toxic to them, thus effectively protecting crops from damage. Product Enquiry What Why How FAQ What it is Antifeedants are natural or synthetic compounds that deter feeding behavior in herbivorous insects, pests, or animals. These compounds act as feeding inhibitors by altering the taste, smell, or texture of plants or food sources, thereby discouraging pests from consuming them. Antifeedants offer a non-toxic and environmentally friendly approach to pest management, reducing the need for chemical pesticides and promoting sustainable agricultural practices. Why is it important Reduced Crop Damage : Anti-feedants deter pests from feeding on crops, reducing damage caused by herbivorous insects and minimizing yield losses. Environmentally Safe : Anti-feedants are typically non-toxic to humans, beneficial insects, and non-target organisms, making them suitable for use in integrated pest management (IPM) programs. Resistance Management : Anti-feedants employ multiple modes of action against pests, reducing the likelihood of resistance development and offering a sustainable long-term solution for pest control. How it works Antifeedants control pests through various mechanisms: Chemical Deterrents : Some antifeedants contain bitter-tasting compounds, toxic substances, or repellent chemicals that deter pests from feeding on treated plants. Phytochemicals : Plants produce secondary metabolites such as alkaloids, terpenoids, or phenolics that act as natural antifeedants, protecting them from herbivory. Mechanical Barriers : Antifeedants can create physical barriers or modify plant surfaces to make them unpalatable or difficult for pests to feed on. Behavioral Disruption : Antifeedants can disrupt feeding behavior or feeding patterns in pests, preventing them from locating or recognizing suitable food sources. Integrated Pest Management Strategies Antifeedants are often integrated into holistic pest management strategies, which may include cultural practices such as crop rotation, intercropping, and sanitation, as well as biological control methods such as the release of natural enemies or the use of pheromones. This integrated approach maximizes the efficacy of antifeedants while minimizing environmental risks and promoting sustainable pest management practices. FAQ Content coming soon! Antifeedant Our Products Explore our range of premium Antifeedant products tailored to meet your agricultural needs, deterring pests and minimizing crop damage by reducing feeding activity. Neem Extracts from Azadirachta Indica Tree Neem extracts from Azadirachta indica contain Azadirachtin, toxic to pests, acting as antifeedant, repellent, and sterilizer. Organic gardeners use it for pest control. View Species 1 1 ... 1 ... 1 Resources Read all

Indogulf BioAg is a Manufacturer & Global Exporter of Phosphorous solubilising, Bacillus Megaterium, Aspergillus, Pseudomonas & other Bacterias. Contact us @ +1 437 774 3831 < Microbial Species Phosphorous Solubilizing Bacteria Phosphorous Solubilizing Bacteria convert insoluble phosphates into soluble forms that plants can absorb, improving phosphorus availability and promoting stronger root development. Product Enquiry What Why How FAQ What it is Phosphorus solubilizing bacteria (PSB) are a group of beneficial microorganisms that enhance the availability of phosphorus in the soil. Phosphorus is a crucial nutrient for plants, playing a key role in energy transfer, photosynthesis, and nutrient movement within the plant. However, much of the phosphorus in soil exists in insoluble forms that plants cannot absorb. PSB convert these insoluble forms into soluble phosphorus that plants can utilize. Why is it important Phosphorus is essential for plant growth, yet it is often a limiting nutrient in many soils due to its low solubility. The importance of phosphorus solubilizing bacteria includes: Enhanced Nutrient Availability : PSB increase the availability of phosphorus, promoting healthier and more robust plant growth. Improved Soil Fertility : By converting insoluble phosphorus compounds into forms accessible to plants, PSB contribute to overall soil fertility and ecosystem health. Sustainable Agriculture : Utilizing PSB can r educe the dependence on chemical phosphorus fertilizers , leading to more environmentally friendly and sustainable farming practices. How it works Phosphorus solubilizing bacteria employ several mechanisms to convert insoluble phosphorus into soluble forms: Organic Acid Production : PSB secrete organic acids such as citric acid, gluconic acid, and oxalic acid. These acids lower the pH around the bacteria, dissolving insoluble phosphate compounds and releasing soluble phosphorus ions that plants can absorb. Enzymatic Activity : Some PSB produce enzymes like phosphatases that break down organic phosphorus compounds into inorganic forms, making phosphorus available to plants. Ion Exchange Reactions : PSB can exchange ions in the soil , such as hydrogen ions (H+), with phosphate ions (PO4^3-), effectively mobilizing phosphorus from soil particles into the soil solution. By employing these mechanisms, phosphorus solubilizing bacteria play a vital role in enhancing phosphorus availability in the soil, supporting plant nutrition, and contributing to sustainable agricultural practices. FAQ What are examples of phosphate-solubilizing bacteria? Phosphate-solubilizing bacteria (PSB) represent a diverse group of microorganisms distributed across multiple bacterial genera. The most commonly isolated and commercially utilized PSB include: Primary PSB Genera Bacillus Species: Bacillus megaterium – One of the most efficient and widely used PSB, known for high phosphate solubilization rates and production of organic acids and phosphatase enzymes Bacillus firmus – Enhances phosphorus availability and promotes root growth Bacillus polymyxa – Combines phosphate solubilization with nitrogen fixation capability Bacillus subtilis – Effective phosphate solubilizer with biofilm formation ability Bacillus licheniformis – Produces multiple organic acids for phosphate dissolution Pseudomonas Species: Pseudomonas fluorescens – Widely researched PGPR producing gluconic acid and multiple plant growth-promoting compounds; increases crop yields in various crops Pseudomonas putida – Produces indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) promoting root architecture and contains 195.42 mg/mL soluble phosphorus production capacity Pseudomonas striata – Improves soil health and plant drought tolerance Pseudomonas aeruginosa – Enhanced plant growth parameters under various fertilization levels Various Pseudomonas isolates (PsT-04c, PsT-94s, PsT-116, PsT-124, PsT-130) – Isolated from tomato rhizosphere with solubilization indices (SI) ≥2 Other Important PSB Genera Arthrobacter Species: Arthrobacter sp. PSB-5 – Shows excellent tricalcium phosphate solubilization performance Arthrobacter sp. NF 528 – Dual nitrogen-fixing and phosphate-solubilizing capabilities Burkholderia Species: Burkholderia cepacia – Reported for long-term yield-increasing effects and efficient phosphate solubilization Additional PSB Genera: Azotobacter species – Combines nitrogen fixation with phosphate solubilization Serratia species – Effective inorganic phosphate solubilizers Micrococcus species – Phosphate-solubilizing capability in soil environments Azospirillum species – Plant growth-promoting with phosphate effects Fungal PSB While bacteria are more commonly used, fungi also possess significant phosphate-solubilizing capability: Aspergillus niger – Efficient organic and inorganic phosphate solubilizer Penicillium notatum – Increases dry matter, yield, protein, oil content and phosphorus levels Bacillus mucilaginosus – Shows strong phosphorus dissociation ability and biofilm formation Quantifiable Performance Research shows specific PSB examples with measured performance: Pseudomonas sp. PSB-2: Released 195.42 mg/mL soluble phosphorus, significantly enhanced plant fresh weight (+47%), plant dry weight, and plant height in Chinese cabbage trials Bacillus megaterium: Increased solubilization index with 29-fold increase in attached microbial biomass phosphorus Pseudomonas fluorescens: Exhibited 73.22 mg/mL soluble phosphorus production Combined Bacillus megaterium and Azotobacter chroococcum : Achieved 10-20% yield increase in wheat How to make phosphate-solubilizing bacteria? Production of phosphate-solubilizing bacteria involves several methods, ranging from laboratory isolation to industrial-scale fermentation for commercial biofertilizer production. Step 1: Isolation of PSB from Soil Sample Collection: Collect soil samples (10g) from healthy plant rhizospheres Choose agricultural areas with diverse vegetation Collect multiple samples for strain diversity Selective Media Preparation: Prepare phosphate-selective media (PSM) containing: Nutrient broth (50 mL) + Sterile distilled water (90 mL) Insoluble phosphate sources: AlPO₄, FePO₄, or tricalcium phosphate (TCP) pH adjustment to 7.0-7.2 Enrichment Culture Process: Add 10g soil to 140 mL phosphate-selective media Incubate at 130 rpm orbital shaker at 30°C for 7 days This selective enrichment favors phosphate-solubilizing microorganisms Step 2: Serial Dilution and Plating Dilution Series: Prepare serial dilutions from 10⁻¹ to 10⁻⁸ of the enriched culture Dilutions separate individual colonies for isolation Plating Methods: Surface Seeding: Spread 1 mL of dilution on plate count agar (PCA) medium Deep Seeding: Place 1 mL at bottom of Petri dish Media composition (PCA): Tryptone 5 g/L, yeast extract 2.5 g/L, glucose 1 g/L, agar 12 g/L Incubate at 30°C for 24 hours Step 3: Selection and Identification of PSB Halo Zone Formation: Phosphate-solubilizing colonies produce clear halo zones on Pikovskaya's medium (PVK) Halo formation indicates active phosphate solubilization Incubate plates 5-7 days at 28-32°C to observe clear zones Solubilization Index (SI) Calculation: SI = (Colony Diameter + Halo Zone Diameter) / Colony Diameter SI ≥ 2.0 indicates good solubilizers Measure after 7, 14, and 21 days of incubation Select isolates with highest SI values Alternative Screening Media: NBRIP Medium (National Botanical Research Institute's Phosphate): Glucose 10 g/L Tricalcium phosphate 5 g/L MgCl₂·6H₂O 5 g/L MgSO₄·7H₂O 0.25 g/L KCl 0.2 g/L (NH₄)₂SO₄ 0.1 g/L Morphological and Biochemical Identification: Gram staining (Gram-positive or negative) Endospore staining KOH test for genus-level identification Compare with Bergey's manual of systematic bacteriology Step 4: Purification Successive Subculturing: Subculture isolated colonies multiple times until homogeneous culture obtained All colonies become identical after 3-5 successive subcultures Achieve pure culture status Step 5: Characterization of PSB Phosphate Solubilization Testing: Solid Medium Test: Measure solubilization halo diameter Colony diameter (CD) and halo diameter (HD) measurement after 7, 14, 21 days Calculate solubilization index (SI) = (CD + HD) / CD Liquid Medium Test (Quantitative): Inoculate NBRIP broth with fresh bacterial culture (200 µL, OD 0.8 = 5×10⁸ CFU/mL) 50 mL NBRIP + 0.5% tricalcium phosphate Incubate 28±2°C for 7 days at 180 rpm Centrifuge 10,000 rpm for 10 minutes Measure soluble phosphorus by vanado-molybdate yellow colorimetric method at 430 nm Measure pH at days 3 and 7 (optimal ≤6.0 for solubilization) Organic Acid Production: High-Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) or HPLC/MS analysis Identify specific organic acids (gluconic acid, citric acid, maleic acid) Commonly detected acids: Gluconic acid (most common) Citric acid Malic acid Oxalic acid Step 6: Mass Culture Production Liquid Culture for Biofertilizer: Inoculate selected PSB strain in liquid medium at scale-up volumes Maintain 28±2°C temperature control Aeration: 180 rpm orbital shaking Growth period: 7-14 days Preparation of McFarland Standards: Prepare 0.5 McFarland standard for bacterial cultures Optical density (OD) adjustment to standardize cell concentration Ensures consistent inoculum preparation Formulation of Commercial Biofertilizer: For 300 mL of microbial culture, add 200 mL Pikovskaya's broth Use rock phosphate (RP) instead of TCP for field application stability Alternative carriers include peat, lignite, or biochar Final product contains 10⁸-10⁹ CFU/g Step 7: Quality Control and Storage Viability Testing: Colony-forming unit (CFU) counting before storage Target: >10⁸ CFU/g for effective biofertilizer Plate count agar method for enumeration Storage Conditions: Room temperature storage (25°C): 3-6 months viability Refrigerated storage (4°C): 12-24 months viability Freeze-dried formulations: 2-3 years viability Minimize light exposure Alternative Production Methods Industrial-Scale Fermentation: Use of bioreactors with controlled aeration, temperature, pH Fed-batch or continuous fermentation approaches Typical fermentation volume: 1000-10000 L Production cost optimization: $20-50/kg final product Solid-State Fermentation: Growth on carrier materials (rice husk, sugarcane bagasse, peat) Lower cost than liquid fermentation Suitable for small-scale production What are the examples of phosphorus biofertilizers? Phosphorus biofertilizers are commercial products or formulations containing phosphate-solubilizing microorganisms designed to enhance phosphorus availability in agricultural soils. They represent an environmentally sustainable alternative to synthetic phosphate fertilizers. Commercial Phosphorus Biofertilizer Examples Product Names and Compositions: PSB (Phosphate Solubilizing Biofertilizer) – Contains Bacillus megaterium or Pseudomonas fluorescens Bio-Phosphate – Apatite mineral-based with 30-36% P₂O₅ content, macroporous structure IFFCO PSB – Commercial formulation containing selected PSB strains RootX and BoostX (IndoGulf BioAg products) – Specialized phosphorus-mobilizing microbial consortia Single-Organism Biofertilizers Bacillus-based Biofertilizers: Bacillus megaterium – Promotes early crop establishment, accelerated phenological development Bacillus firmus – Enhances fruit quality, protects against soil-borne diseases Bacillus polymyxa – Aids bioremediation and improves soil health Performance: 10-20% yield increase in cereals Pseudomonas-based Biofertilizers: Pseudomonas fluorescens – Increased yield in sweet potato and other crops Pseudomonas putida – Degrades organic pollutants, improves soil structure Pseudomonas striata – Optimizes soil nutrition for sustained productivity Azotobacter-based Biofertilizers: Azotobacter chroococcum – Better wheat performance, synergistic with PSB Combined effect: Up to 43% yield increase with Bacillus strains Consortia-Based Biofertilizers Multi-organism Formulations: Bacillus megaterium + Azotobacter chroococcum consortium Performance: 10-20% wheat yield increase Benefits: Synergistic phosphorus and nitrogen effects Pseudomonas fluorescens + Mycorrhizal fungi combination Performance: Enhanced phosphorus and nutrient uptake Additional disease suppression benefits Fungal Phosphorus Biofertilizers Aspergillus-based Formulations: Aspergillus niger + Penicillium notatum consortium Effects on peanut: Dry matter increase Yield improvement Protein content increase Oil content increase Nitrogen and phosphorus level enhancement Hybrid Phosphorus Biofertilizers Combined Product Types: Phosphorus + Nitrogen Fixation – PSB combined with nitrogen-fixing bacteria ( Rhizobium , Azospirillum ) Addresses both P and N limitations Reduces requirement for both phosphate and nitrogenous fertilizers by 30-50% Phosphorus + Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi (AMF) Co-inoculation of PSB with AMF increases P conversion efficiency More complete phosphorus mobilization Root colonization 5-14 times higher Phosphorus + Biocontrol Organisms PSB combined with pathogen-suppressing bacteria Simultaneous nutrient improvement and disease reduction Commercial Application Examples Typical Field Applications: Application rate: 0.2-1.5 tons/hectare depending on soil quality Methods: Seed treatment, seedling dip, soil inoculation Compatibility: Biofertilizers compatible with bio-pesticides and other biopesticides Crop-Specific Biofertilizers: Paddy (Rice) – PSB addressing phosphorus deficiency in subtropical rice soils Legumes – PSB with Rhizobium for nitrogen and phosphorus synergy Vegetables – Enhanced growth in tomato, cauliflower, sweet potato Fruit Crops – Improved fruit quality and yield in guava, citrus Cereals – Wheat yield increase 30-43% reported; sugarcane yield promoted Performance Specifications Standard Product Specifications: Colony-forming unit (CFU) count: >10⁸ CFU/g minimum Moisture content: 8-12% for powder formulations Shelf life: 12-24 months under recommended storage (4°C) pH stability: Function optimally at pH 6.5-8.0 Quantified Effectiveness: PSB inoculation yield increase: 10-25% without adverse soil/environmental effects Phosphorus use efficiency: Improved by 175-190% Plant height increase: Up to 15.8% with PSB strains Aboveground biomass: Increase comparable to 100% chemical fertilization with 50% nitrogen reduction What is phosphorus solubilizing biofertilizer? Phosphorus solubilizing biofertilizer is a biological product containing live phosphate-solubilizing microorganisms that enhances the availability and plant uptake of phosphorus from soil reserves and applied phosphate sources. Definition and Concept Phosphorus solubilizing biofertilizer is specifically formulated to contain: Active Microorganisms: Viable cells of phosphate-solubilizing bacteria or fungi (typically >10⁸ CFU/g) Carrier Medium: Inert material (peat, lignite, biochar, rock phosphate) providing substrate and structural support Nutrients and Cofactors: Essential elements supporting microbial activity and phosphorus solubilization Plant Growth-Promoting Traits: Additional benefits beyond phosphate solubilization Core Functions Primary Function - Phosphate Solubilization: Converts insoluble phosphates (tricalcium phosphate, iron phosphate, aluminum phosphate) into bioavailable orthophosphate Mineralizes organic phosphorus compounds into plant-available forms Prevents re-precipitation of released phosphorus Mechanisms of Action: Organic Acid Production: Secretion of organic acids (citric, gluconic, oxalic, maleic acids) pH reduction in soil microenvironment Dissolution of mineral phosphates through acid-mediated solubilization Chelation of cations attached to phosphate Enzyme Production: Production of phosphatase enzymes breaking down organic phosphorus compounds Depolymerization of complex phosphorus-containing molecules Release of phosphate ions into soil solution Ion Exchange Reactions: Hydrogen ion (H⁺) exchange with phosphate ions (PO₄³⁻) Effective mobilization from soil minerals into soil solution Secondary Benefits Beyond Phosphorus Plant Growth Promotion: Production of plant hormones (indole-3-acetic acid/IAA, gibberellins) Enhanced root development and architecture Increased plant biomass and vigor Stress Tolerance: Alleviated drought stress through improved nutrient status Enhanced salinity tolerance Reduced heavy metal toxicity (some strains) Disease Suppression: Production of antimicrobial compounds (antibiotics, hydrogen cyanide) Biocontrol activity against soil-borne pathogens Competitive exclusion of pathogenic microorganisms Soil Health Improvement: Enhancement of microbial diversity in rhizosphere Improved soil structure through biofilm formation Better water retention and infiltration Quantifiable Benefits Phosphorus Availability: Increases available soil phosphorus by 30-50% Mobilizes previously unavailable soil phosphate reserves Reduces requirement for external phosphate fertilizers by 25-50% Crop Performance: Yield increase: 10-25% without adverse environmental effects Plant height: Up to 15.8% increase Leaf area index: Significant increases with PSB application Fruit quality improvement in perennial crops Economic Efficiency: Cost reduction compared to synthetic phosphate fertilizers: 30-50% Reduced environmental costs from nutrient runoff Compatible with organic and conventional farming Application Methods Seed Treatment: Seed coating with PSB biofertilizer PSB population establishment before seedling emergence Typical dose: 5-10 mL per kg of seed Compatible with fungicide seed treatment Seedling Root Dip: Immersion of seedlings in PSB suspension (1:10 solution) Pre-treatment before transplanting Ensures immediate root colonization Particularly effective for vegetable crops Soil Application: Direct incorporation into soil Typical application: 5 kg/hectare of PSB biofertilizer Best timing: 1-2 weeks before crop planting Mix thoroughly for even distribution Composition and Formulation Solid Formulations (Most Common): Carrier: Peat (60-70%), lignite, or biochar PSB cell concentration: >10⁸ CFU/g Moisture: 8-12% Package size: 1 kg to 25 kg bags Liquid Formulations: Suspension: Microbial culture in sterile liquid medium Cell concentration: 10⁹ CFU/mL Stability: 6-12 months refrigerated Application rate: 5-10 liters per hectare High-Concentration Formulations: Freeze-dried products Cell concentration: >10⁹ CFU/g Shelf life: 2-3 years Higher cost but superior viability Storage and Shelf Life Optimal Storage Conditions: Temperature: 4-8°C (refrigerated) for 12-24 months shelf life Room temperature: 25°C viable for 3-6 months Cool, dark, dry location Avoid direct sunlight and high temperature Quality Maintenance: Store in sealed, airtight containers Maintain specified moisture content Verify CFU count every 6 months for quality assurance Discard if viability drops below 10⁷ CFU/g Regulatory and Quality Standards International Standards: Minimum viable count: 10⁸ CFU/g (some standards: 10⁹ CFU/g) Purity: >95% target organism, <5% contaminants Absence of human pathogens Absence of heavy metals above safe limits Performance Guarantees: Phosphate solubilization index (SI) ≥ 2.0 Soluble phosphorus production: >70 mg/mL pH reduction capacity demonstrated Plant growth promotion efficacy validated What is the role in plant growth promotion? Phosphorus solubilizing bacteria promote plant growth through multiple complementary mechanisms that operate both directly on plant physiology and indirectly through soil and rhizosphere modification. Direct Plant Growth Promotion Mechanisms 1. Enhanced Phosphorus Nutrition Mechanism: Solubilization of insoluble soil phosphorus previously unavailable to plant roots Increases bioavailable phosphorus concentration in rhizosphere by 30-50% Makes applied phosphate fertilizers more efficiently available Plant Growth Effects: Phosphorus is critical for energy transfer (ATP/ADP), DNA/RNA synthesis, and cell division Enhanced phosphorus status strengthens overall plant development Particularly critical during early growth stages Quantifiable Impact: Plant height increase: 14.3-15.8% Leaf area index: Significant increase Plant biomass increase: Comparable to 100% chemical fertilization with only 50% nitrogen supply Root biomass increase: 13.5-18.2% 2. Production of Plant Growth-Promoting Hormones Auxin Production (Indole-3-acetic acid/IAA): PSB (particularly Pseudomonas putida , Bacillus species) synthesize IAA IAA promotes cell elongation and root hair development Enhanced root architecture increases soil exploration and nutrient acquisition Root/shoot ratio optimization Gibberellin Production: Some PSB produce gibberellins Promotes cell division and shoot elongation Enhances internodal extension Cytokinin Production: Delays leaf senescence Increases cell division in shoot meristems Extends plant productivity period Quantifiable Hormone Effects: Root elongation in canola, lettuce, tomato: Significant increases reported Enhanced branching and lateral root development 3. Production of Siderophores Mechanism: Siderophores are iron-chelating compounds produced by PSB Complex iron in soil, making it bioavailable to plants Important in high-pH soils where iron precipitation limits availability Plant Effects: Prevention of iron chlorosis Enhanced photosynthetic capacity Improved overall plant vigor Indirect Plant Growth Promotion Through Soil and Rhizosphere Modification 4. Rhizosphere Microbiome Enhancement Mechanism: PSB colonization modifies root exudation patterns Selects for beneficial microbial communities Creates synergistic microbial network in rhizosphere Effects: Increased microbial diversity supporting multiple nutrient transformation functions Enhanced nutrient cycling and bioavailability Biocontrol effects against pathogenic microorganisms 5. Soil Structure Improvement Biofilm Formation: PSB produce extracellular polysaccharides (EPS) Form biofilms on soil particles and root surfaces Stabilize soil aggregates through biological cementing Soil Properties Improved: Better water infiltration and retention Improved aeration for root respiration Enhanced microbial habitat quality 6. Synergistic Effects with Other Microorganisms Co-inoculation with Nitrogen-Fixing Bacteria: PSB + Rhizobium / Azospirillum : Dual nitrogen and phosphorus provision Nitrogen fixation enhanced by improved phosphorus availability Combined effect: Yield increase up to 30-43% Co-inoculation with Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi (AMF): PSB + AMF: Synergistic phosphorus mobilization PSB secrete phosphatase and organic acids in mycorrhizal microenvironment Mycorrhizal hyphal network extends solubilizing capacity 5-14 times Enhanced P transfer to plant roots Co-inoculation with Biocontrol Organisms: Simultaneous nutrient improvement and disease suppression PSB + pathogen-suppressing bacteria reduce disease incidence while improving nutrition More effective than single-organism inoculation Plant Growth Promotion Under Stress Conditions 7. Drought Stress Alleviation Mechanism: Enhanced phosphorus availability improves plant water status Improved root system captures soil moisture more effectively Better osmotic adjustment capacity Quantifiable Effects: Reduced negative impacts of drought stress on growth efficiency Maintained productivity despite water limitation Enhanced water-use efficiency 8. Salinity Stress Tolerance Mechanism: Improved nutrient status compensates for ion toxicity stress Some PSB produce osmoprotectants Enhanced ion transport selectivity 9. Heavy Metal Stress Reduction Mechanism: Some PSB produce chelating compounds (phytosiderophores) Reduce heavy metal bioavailability Produce exopolysaccharides adsorbing heavy metals Quantifiable Plant Growth Promotion Results Crop-Specific Documented Effects: Wheat: Yield increase: 30% with Azotobacter , up to 43% with Bacillus Plant height: 15.8-14.3% increase with selected strains 50% nitrogen fertilizer reduction possible without yield loss Tomato: Plant height significant increase Leaf area index increase Fruit number per plant: 16.32 increase Fruit yield per plant: 1125g Total yield: 392.26 q/ha (quintals per hectare) Cost-benefit ratio: 3.41-3.52 Sugarcane: Yield and yield components promoted Enhanced sugar content Soybean: Drought stress impacts reduced Growth efficiency maintenance Sweet Potato: Yield increase with Pseudomonas fluorescens Rice: Yield sustainability in phosphorus-deficient subtropical soils Phosphorus deficiency symptoms eliminated Legumes (Faba bean, Peanut): Enhanced production Nitrogen fixation improvement Root system optimization Molecular-Level Growth Promotion Gene Expression Changes: Upregulation of phosphate uptake transporters ( PHT genes) Enhanced nitrogen transporter expression Stress-response gene activation ( HSP70 , drought-response proteins) Enzyme Activity Enhancement: Increased phosphatase activity in plant tissues Enhanced nitrogenase activity (when co-inoculated with N-fixers) Improved antioxidant enzyme activity for stress tolerance Effectiveness Factors PSB Effectiveness Depends On: Soil pH (optimal 6.5-8.0) Soil phosphorus form and concentration Soil microbial community composition Plant growth stage and crop type Environmental conditions (temperature, moisture) PSB strain characteristics and viability Performance Enhancement Strategies: Use of multiple PSB strains (consortia) for broader phosphorus availability Co-inoculation with complementary organisms Application at optimal growth stages Combination with organic matter for substrate provision Integration with reduced chemical fertilization Sustainability and Environmental Benefits Sustainability Advantages: 30-50% reduction in phosphate fertilizer requirement Lower environmental pollution from runoff and leaching Reduced eutrophication risk Improved soil health and microbiome diversity Enhanced crop resilience to environmental stress What are the effects in plant growth? Phosphorus solubilizing bacteria produce comprehensive, multifaceted effects on plant growth across physiological, developmental, and yield-related parameters. These effects are observed at both seedling and mature plant stages. Effects on Root Development and Architecture Root Elongation: Magnitude: Significant increase in primary root length (15-30% increase typical) Mechanism: Auxin production by PSB stimulates cell elongation Lateral Root Development: Enhanced branching creating denser root systems Root Hair Density: Increased root hair number and length improving soil contact Root Mass: Increase in root dry weight (13.5-18.2% documented) Root System Architecture Improvement: More efficient soil exploration Better water and nutrient acquisition Increased rhizosphere colonization area Enhanced ability to access immobilized soil nutrients Effects on Shoot Development Plant Height: Magnitude: 14.3-15.8% increase compared to controls Timing: Effects appear within 2-4 weeks of inoculation Consistency: Increases observed across multiple crop types Leaf Development: Leaf Area Index (LAI): Significant increases Leaf Number: More leaves per plant Leaf Size: Individual leaves larger Chlorophyll Content: Higher chlorophyll concentration enabling better photosynthesis Shoot Biomass: Aboveground Dry Weight: Substantial increases (30-50% possible) Shoot-to-Root Ratio: Improved balance between above and belowground growth Effects on Plant Biomass Accumulation Total Plant Biomass: Magnitude: Plant biomass increases achieve levels comparable to 100% chemical fertilization even with 50% nitrogen reduction Growing Period: Biomass accumulation accelerates throughout growing season Consistency: Effects maintained under variable environmental conditions Dry Matter Accumulation: Enhanced daily dry matter production Improved harvest index (economic yield as proportion of total biomass) Greater resource allocation to harvestable organs Effects on Flowering and Reproductive Development Flowering Time: Accelerated phenological development (earlier flowering) Phenological advancement: 5-7 days earlier flowering possible More uniform flowering across plant population Flower Number and Quality: Increased flower production per plant Better-developed flower organs Improved pollen viability Effects on Yield and Yield Components Fruit and Grain Production: Tomato Yield Effects : Fruit number per plant: 16.32 increase Individual fruit weight: 77.75 g improvement Fruit yield per plant: 1125 g Total yield: 392.26 quintals per hectare (q/ha) Cost-benefit ratio: 3.41-3.52 Wheat Yield Effects : Yield increase: 30-43% possible depending on strain Enhanced grain number per head Improved grain weight Successful application with 50% nitrogen fertilizer reduction Sugarcane Yield Effects : Yield component improvement Enhanced sugar content (Brix%) Better juice quality Other Crop Yields : Rice: Yield sustainability in marginal soils Sweet potato: Yield increase Vegetables (cauliflower, pea): 20-30% yield improvement Legumes: Enhanced production Effects on Nutrient Uptake and Concentration Phosphorus Uptake: Magnitude: Plant phosphorus content increases 50-100% above control levels Tissue P Concentration: Higher P concentration in shoots and roots P-Use Efficiency: More phosphorus utilized per unit nutrient provided Plant P Status: Deficiency symptoms eliminated Nitrogen Uptake: Enhanced nitrogen absorption (25-37% increase documented) Better nitrogen utilization when PSB co-inoculated with N-fixers Reduced nitrogen fertilizer requirement by up to 50% Micronutrient Uptake: Enhanced iron, zinc, manganese absorption Prevention of micronutrient deficiency symptoms Nutrient Translocation: Better translocation of mobilized nutrients to growing organs More efficient allocation to reproductive structures Effects on Plant Physiology and Metabolic Processes Photosynthetic Performance: Enhanced photosynthetic rate Improved light use efficiency Higher chlorophyll content enabling better light capture Accelerated CO₂ assimilation Enzyme Activity: Enhanced nitrate reductase activity Increased phosphatase activity in plant tissues Improved antioxidant enzyme systems Hormone Status: Elevated auxin and gibberellin levels promoting growth Better-regulated abscisic acid for stress response Effects on Plant Quality Nutritional Quality: Protein Content: Enhanced in legume crops Oil Content: Increased in oil-seed crops Mineral Micronutrient Content: Higher concentrations (zinc, iron, manganese) Vitamin Content: Enhanced in fruit and vegetable crops Physical Quality: Improved fruit size and firmness Better shelf-life characteristics Enhanced appearance and marketability Stress-Related Quality: Reduced stress-induced defects Better taste characteristics in vegetables Enhanced aroma compounds in certain crops Effects Under Stress Conditions Drought Stress Alleviation: Maintained growth despite water limitation Enhanced water-use efficiency Reduced leaf wilting and senescence Better osmotic adjustment Salinity Stress Tolerance: Reduced ion toxicity effects Maintained growth under saline conditions Enhanced ion selectivity Cold Stress Tolerance: Maintained growth at lower temperatures Enhanced cold acclimation Better spring emergence in cool climates Effects on Disease Resistance and Plant Health Disease Incidence Reduction: Lower occurrence of soil-borne diseases Reduced pathogen populations through biocontrol Improved plant defense responses Plant Health Indicators: Better plant color and vigor Reduced nutrient deficiency symptoms Stronger stem development Timeline of Observable Effects Early Effects (1-3 weeks post-inoculation): Increased root hair development Enhanced root colonization Early phosphorus mobilization Mid-Season Effects (4-8 weeks): Visible height increase (15% possible) Enhanced leaf area development Improved plant color/chlorophyll Accelerated dry matter accumulation Late-Season Effects (8+ weeks to maturity): Continued yield component development Enhanced reproductive development Maximum biomass and yield expression Cumulative fertilizer-equivalent effect Quantifiable Comparison with Chemical Fertilizers Equivalent Performance: PSB inoculation at 50% nitrogen fertilization achieves growth equivalent to 100% chemical fertilization Cost reduction: 30-50% compared to full chemical fertilization Environmental benefit: 50% reduction in nutrient runoff Yield Security: Yield variability reduced with PSB More stable production across seasons Better stress resilience Consistency and Reliability Performance Factors: Effect consistency: High in well-prepared soils with adequate organic matter Strain-dependent: Different PSB strains show varying effectiveness Crop-specific responses observed Environmental conditions influence magnitude of effects Integration with organic matter enhances results Phosphorous Solubilizing Bacteria Our Products Explore our range of premium Phosphorous Solubilizing Bacteria strains tailored to meet your agricultural needs, promoting phosphorus availability for robust plant growth. Aspergillus awamori Aspergillus awamori solubilizes unavailable phosphorus in acidic soil, enhancing plant nutrient uptake and drought resistance. Restores soil fertility through organic matter breakdown. View Species Bacillus firmus Bacillus firmus enhances phosphorus availability in soil, stimulates root growth, improves fruit quality, and protects against soil-borne diseases. Compatible with bio-pesticides and bio-fertilizers. View Species Bacillus megaterium Bacillus megaterium is a Gram-positive, endospore-forming rhizobacterium recognized for its high-efficiency solubilization of inorganic phosphate compounds. By producing organic acids and phosphatases, it enhances phosphorus bioavailability, promoting early crop establishment, accelerated phenological development, and improved root system architecture. In addition to nutrient mobilization, B. megaterium contributes to soil health by enhancing microbial diversity, facilitating organic matter decomposition, and improving soil structure. It also exhibits antagonistic activity against phytopathogens, supporting natural pest suppression and reducing reliance on chemical pesticides. Compatible with biofertilizers and biopesticides, B. megaterium integrates seamlessly into organic and integrated farming systems, contributing to increased nutrient-use efficiency, enhanced crop resilience, and sustainable yield improvement while enriching soil microbiome. View Species Bacillus polymyxa Bacillus polymyxa improves phosphorus availability by solubilizing phosphate, promotes plant growth through nitrogen fixation and hormone production, and aids bioremediation by breaking down organic pollutants—enhancing soil health for sustainable agriculture. View Species Pseudomonas putida Pseudomonas putida is a beneficial bacterium known for producing growth-promoting substances like indole-3-acetic acid (IAA), enhancing plant development and root architecture. It degrades organic pollutants, improving soil health and structure while making nutrients more bioavailable. Additionally, P. putida boosts plant stress tolerance by mitigating the effects of drought, salinity, and heavy metals, making it invaluable for sustainable agriculture and environmental remediation. View Species Pseudomonas striata Pseudomonas striata improves soil health, enhances root systems, increases plant drought tolerance, optimizes soil nutrition for sustained crop productivity. Compatible with bio-pesticides and bio-fertilizers. View Species 1 1 ... 1 ... 1 Resources Read all

Indogulf BioAg is a Manufacturer & Global Exporter of Pesticides & Insecticides, beauveria bassiana, Hirsutella thompsonii, Metarhizium & other Bacterias. Contact us @ +1 437 774 3831 < Microbial Species Biocontrol Biocontrol is the use of beneficial natural organisms to control agricultural pests and diseases, such as root nematodes, powdery mildew, and whiteflies. By minimizing the reliance on chemical pesticides, biocontrol promotes sustainable farming practices, enhances soil health, and protects the environment. Product Enquiry What Why How FAQ What it is Biocontrol agents are natural organisms, including predatory insects, parasitic nematodes, fungi, bacteria, and viruses, that actively suppress pests and pathogens. These agents offer an effective and environmentally friendly approach to managing common agricultural challenges like root-knot nematodes, fusarium wilt, and downy mildew. Key Benefits of Biocontrol Agents Reduced Environmental Impact Biocontrol agents are highly targeted, controlling pests such as root nematodes and pathogens like powdery mildew without harming beneficial organisms. This reduces chemical residues in soil and water, preserving biodiversity. Effective Pest Management Biocontrol agents provide sustainable solutions for pests resistant to chemical pesticides, such as whiteflies, and diseases like fusarium wilt and downy mildew. They are vital components of integrated pest management (IPM) strategies. Long-Term Sustainability By fostering natural predators and beneficial soil microbes, biocontrol agents combat nematodes in soil and other pests, promoting healthier ecosystems and more resilient agricultural systems. Why is it important Biocontrol is a scientifically proven method to tackle key agricultural pests and diseases like root-knot nematodes, powdery mildew, whiteflies, and fusarium wilt. By integrating biocontrol agents into pest management programs, farmers can reduce chemical pesticide usage, enhance soil and plant health, and promote sustainable farming practices. Reduced Environmental Impact : Biocontrol agents target specific pests or pathogens, minimizing harm to non-target organisms and reducing chemical pollution in soil and water. Effective Pest Management : Biocontrol agents can provide effective control over pests that are resistant to chemical pesticides, offering a viable alternative in integrated pest management (IPM) strategies. Long-Term Sustainability : By promoting natural predators and beneficial organisms, biocontrol agents contribute to balanced ecosystems and sustainable agricultural practices. How it works Biocontrol agents use multiple mechanisms to manage pests and diseases, ensuring targeted and effective control: Predation : Predatory insects like lady beetles and lacewings feed on pests, including whiteflies and aphids, reducing their populations naturally. Parasitism : Parasitic organisms, such as nematodes, attack root-knot nematodes and other soil-borne pests by infiltrating their bodies and incapacitating them. Pathogenicity : Fungi like Trichoderma harzianum and Beauveria bassiana infect pests or pathogens, suppressing diseases such as fusarium wilt and powdery mildew. Competition and Displacement : Beneficial bacteria, such as Pseudomonas fluorescens , outcompete harmful pathogens and pests for space and resources, disrupting their ability to thrive in the soil or on plants. FAQ What is biocontrol? Biocontrol (biological control) uses living organisms—such as beneficial insects, nematodes, fungi, bacteria, and viruses—to suppress agricultural pests and diseases, offering an eco-friendly alternative to chemical pesticides. What are bio pest control agents? Bio pest control agents are natural organisms (e.g., Trichoderma harzianum , Beauveria bassiana , predatory insects, parasitic nematodes) that target specific pests like root-knot nematodes, whiteflies, and aphids without harming non-target species. How do biocontrol agents work? They employ multiple mechanisms: Predation : Predatory insects consume pests directly. Parasitism : Parasitic nematodes or fungi infiltrate and kill soil pests. Pathogenicity : Entomopathogenic fungi infect and suppress disease-causing pathogens. Competition : Beneficial bacteria outcompete harmful microbes for resources. Are biocontrol agents safe for the environment and humans? Yes. Biocontrol agents are highly specific, minimizing impact on non-target organisms and ecosystems. They leave no harmful residues in soil, water, or food and are generally recognized as safe for humans and wildlife when used as directed. When and how should I apply biocontrol agents? Application timing and method depend on the agent: Soil drench : Apply beneficial nematodes or fungi at planting or transplanting. Foliar spray : Release predatory insects or spray fungal spores when pest pressure appears. Seed treatment : Coat seeds with bacterial or fungal inoculants before sowing. Follow product guidelines for dosage and environmental conditions. Can biocontrol replace chemical pesticides entirely? While biocontrol is highly effective, integrated pest management (IPM) often combines biological agents with cultural practices, resistant varieties, and minimal chemical use to achieve optimal control and sustainability. How long does biocontrol protection last? Protection duration varies by agent and environment. Some organisms establish long-term populations in soil or on plant surfaces, offering season-long control, while others may require periodic reapplication to maintain efficacy. Biocontrol Our Products Explore our range of premium Biocontrol solutions tailored to meet your agricultural needs, harnessing the power of beneficial organisms to manage pests effectively. Beauveria bassiana Beauveria bassiana is a beneficial entomopathogenic fungus used as a biological insecticide to effectively control termites, thrips, whiteflies, aphids, beetles, and other pests. Its spores attach to the insect’s exoskeleton, penetrate the body, and proliferate, ultimately leading to pest mortality while preventing resistance development. This eco-friendly alternative to chemical pesticides provides long-lasting, broad-spectrum pest control and integrates seamlessly into integrated pest management (IPM) programs. Safe for beneficial insects and pollinators, Beauveria bassiana is applied via foliar sprays, soil drenches, and termite baiting, offering sustainable protection in agriculture, greenhouses, and urban pest management View Species Hirsutella thompsonii Hirsutella Thompsonii is a beneficial fungus used to control various small arachnids such as mites. It produces spores that penetrate the mite's cuticle, leading to paralysis and death. View Species Isaria fumosorosea Isaria fumosorosea is a beneficial fungus that acts as a biological insecticide against plant sap-sucking insects like aphids, mites, and mealybugs by disabling their exoskeletons. View Species Lecanicillium lecanii Effective against greenhouse whitefly by penetrating their cuticle, disabling or killing them. View Species Metarhizium anisopliae Metarhizium anisopliae is a globally distributed entomopathogenic fungus that parasitizes over 200 insect species by adhering to and penetrating their cuticle using specialized appressoria and cuticle-degrading enzymes. Its safety profile includes minimal vertebrate toxicity and limited non-target impacts when used at label rates, making it a key component of integrated pest management. View Species Nomuraea rileyi Nomuraea Rileyi is a beneficial fungus used as a biological pest control agent targeting lepidopteran insects. It results in an outbreak in the insect host population. View Species 1 1 ... 1 ... 1 Resources Read all

Plant Growth Promoters to promote plant roots development and improve growth. It also has the ability to produce enzymes to suppress plant pathogens and eventually kill them. < Microbial Species Plant Growth Promoters Plant Growth Promoters products, often containing beneficial microorganisms or natural compounds, promote overall plant health and development, enhancing growth rates and crop yields. Product Enquiry What Why How FAQ What it is Plant growth promoters, also known as phytohormones, are naturally occurring chemical substances that regulate various physiological processes in plants. These hormones act as chemical messengers, influencing growth, development, and responses to environmental stimuli. The main classes of plant hormones include auxins, cytokinins, gibberellins, ethylene, and abscisic acid, each playing specific roles in plant growth and adaptation. Why is it important Regulation of Growth : Plant hormones control fundamental processes such as cell elongation, cell division, and differentiation, which are essential for overall plant growth and development. Developmental Processes : Hormones like auxins and cytokinins regulate processes such as seed germination, root and shoot growth, flowering, and fruit development. Environmental Responses : Hormones such as ethylene and abscisic acid help plants respond to environmental stresses such as drought, flooding, temperature extremes, and pathogen attacks. Crop Yield and Quality : Proper hormone regulation can enhance crop yield by optimizing growth patterns, improving nutrient uptake, and ensuring efficient use of resources. How it works Auxins : Stimulate cell elongation, regulate apical dominance, promote phototropism and gravitropism. Production : Synthesized in shoot tips, young leaves, and developing seeds. Cytokinins : Promote cell division, delay aging (senescence), enhance nutrient mobilization, and counteract apical dominance. Production : Produced in actively growing tissues like roots, embryos, and fruits. Gibberellins : Stimulate stem elongation, promote seed germination, regulate flowering and fruit development. Production : Synthesized in roots, young leaves, and seeds. Ethylene : Regulate fruit ripening, leaf and flower senescence, and response to stress (e.g., flooding, injury). Production : Produced in response to stress and during fruit ripening. Abscisic Acid (ABA) : Control seed dormancy and germination, regulate stomatal closure in response to drought, and promote stress tolerance. Production : Synthesized in response to stress conditions and present in seeds and mature leaves. Interaction and Regulation : Plant hormones often interact synergistically or antagonistically to coordinate growth and development processes. Environmental factors influence hormone production and their effects, allowing plants to adapt and thrive in varying conditions. Understanding the roles and mechanisms of plant growth hormones is crucial for optimizing agricultural practices, improving crop productivity, and enhancing plant resilience to environmental challenges. FAQ Content coming soon! Plant Growth Promoters Our Products Explore our range of premium Plant Growth Promoters tailored to meet your agricultural needs, stimulating robust growth and maximizing yield potential. Bacillus amyloliquefaciens Bacillus amyloliquefaciens, produces plant growth hormones, suppresses pathogens with enzymes, acts as biofertilizer and biopesticide, improves soil fertility, safe for non-target species and humans. View Species Bacillus azotoformans Used as seed inoculant, enhances germination and root development, improves water and nutrient transport, environmentally safe. View Species Bacillus circulans Bacillus circulans produces indoleacetic acid, solubilizes phosphorus improving absorption, enhances plant growth and yield, safe and eco-friendly. View Species Bacillus pumilus Bacillus pumilus produces antibiotics against pathogens, enhances nutrient uptake and drought tolerance, effective biocontrol agent, environmentally safe. View Species Pseudomonas fluorescens Pseudomonas fluorescens suppresses soil-borne pathogens, produces antibiotics and siderophores, enhances nutrient availability, improves root growth and disease resistance. View Species Pseudomonas putida Pseudomonas putida produces growth-promoting substances, degrades organic pollutants in soil, improves soil structure and nutrient availability, enhances plant stress tolerance. View Species Rhodococcus terrae Rhodococcus terrae enhances soil structure and nutrient availability, degrades organic pollutants, promotes plant growth with growth-promoting substances, improves root development and stress tolerance. View Species Vesicular arbuscular mycorrhiza Vesicular Arbuscular Mycorrhiza (VAM) is a beneficial fungus that enhances plant root absorption, improves soil structure, and increases nutrient uptake. It forms a symbiotic relationship with roots, boosting plant growth, drought resistance, and soil fertility for healthier, more resilient crops. View Species Williopsis saturnus Williopsis saturnus enhances nutrient uptake, improves soil fertility, suppresses soil-borne pathogens, promotes root development and yield, contributes to environmental sustainability, effective in agriculture. View Species 1 1 ... 1 ... 1 Resources Read all

Post Harvest Treatment - Lactic Cultures is a bio-preservation technique with the use of Lactic Acid Bacteria (LAB). < Microbial Species Post Harvest Treatment Post Harvest Treatments involve biological or chemical methods applied to harvested crops to prevent spoilage, extend shelf life, and maintain quality during storage and transportation. Product Enquiry What Why How FAQ What it is Post-harvest treatments refer to the various techniques and practices employed to preserve the quality, freshness, and shelf life of agricultural produce after harvesting. These treatments aim to minimize post-harvest losses, prevent spoilage, and maintain the nutritional value of fruits, vegetables, grains, and other perishable commodities during storage, transportation, and marketing. Why is it important Extended Shelf Life : Post-harvest treatments help prolong the shelf life of agricultural produce, allowing for longer storage periods and reducing the risk of spoilage and waste. Quality Preservation : Treatments such as washing, waxing, and packaging help maintain the appearance, texture, and flavor of fruits and vegetables, enhancing consumer appeal and marketability. Reduced Economic Losses : By minimizing post-harvest losses due to spoilage, rot, or physical damage, post-harvest treatments contribute to improved profitability and economic sustainability for growers, distributors, and retailers. How it works Types of Post-Harvest Treatments Cleaning and Sanitation : Washing and sanitizing fruits, vegetables, and packaging materials remove dirt, debris, and microbial contaminants, reducing the risk of decay and microbial spoilage. Waxing and Coating : Applying edible coatings or waxes to produce forms a protective barrier that reduces moisture loss, inhibits microbial growth, and enhances the appearance and shelf life of fruits and vegetables. Temperature Management : Cooling and refrigeration slow down physiological processes such as respiration and ripening, preserving the freshness and quality of perishable commodities during storage and transportation. Modified Atmosphere Packaging (MAP) : Packaging produce in controlled atmospheres with reduced oxygen and elevated carbon dioxide levels slows down ripening, inhibits microbial growth, and extends shelf life. Chemical Treatments : Application of fungicides, insecticides, or antimicrobial agents helps control post-harvest diseases, pests, and microbial spoilage, ensuring product quality and safety. Integrated Post-Harvest Management Effective post-harvest management involves the integration of multiple treatments and practices tailored to specific crops, storage conditions, and market requirements. By adopting a holistic approach to post-harvest handling, growers and stakeholders can maximize product quality, minimize losses, and meet consumer demand for fresh, safe, and nutritious food. FAQ Content coming soon! Post Harvest Treatment Our Products Explore our range of premium Post Harvest Treatment options tailored to meet your agricultural needs, extending shelf life and preserving quality from harvest to market. Lactic Cultures Lactic Cultures use Lactic Acid Bacteria (LAB) to preserve freshness post-harvest by producing antimicrobial compounds that inhibit harmful microorganisms. View Species 1 1 ... 1 ... 1 Resources Read all

Bradyrhizobium Japonicum also known as Rhizobium japonicum. It is a biological fertilizer that contains beneficial bacteria. Manufacturer & Supplier company in USA. Indogulf BioAg < Microbial Species Bradyrhizobium japonicum Badyrhizobium japonicum is a nitrogen-fixing bacterium that plays a crucial role in soybean cultivation. By forming symbiotic nodules on soybean roots, it converts atmospheric nitrogen (N₂) into ammonia (NH₃), a form that plants can readily use for growth. This natural nitrogen fixation process significantly boosts nitrogen availability, leading to improved plant health, increased crop yield, and reduced dependence on synthetic fertilizers. Rhizobium japonicum is vital for promoting sustainable agricultural practices while enhancing soil fertility in legume-based farming systems. Strength 1 x 10⁸ CFU per gram / 1 x 10⁹ CFU per gram Product Enquiry Buy Now Benefits Nitrogen Fixation Rhizobium japonicum forms a symbiotic relationship with leguminous plants, particularly soybeans, to fix atmospheric nitrogen into ammonium (NH₄⁺). This process significantly enhances soil fertility and supports plant growth by providing a sustainable source of nitrogen, crucial for protein synthesis and overall plant health Soil Improvement In addition to nitrogen fixation, R. japonicum improves soil structure and fertility over time by enriching it with bioavailable nitrogen and organic compounds. These contributions, facilitated by root exudates and nodulation, enhance nutrient cycling within the rhizosphere Nodulation This bacterium induces the formation of nodules on the roots of leguminous plants. Within these nodules, nitrogenase enzymes convert atmospheric nitrogen into usable forms, ensuring an optimal environment for nitrogen fixation Increased Crop Yield By supplying fixed nitrogen directly to the host plant, R. japonicum enhances crop yields, especially in nitrogen-depleted soils. The symbiotic relationship helps crops thrive in nutrient-poor environments, significantly reducing the need for synthetic fertilizers Dosage & Application Additional Info Dosage & Application Additional Info Related Products Beauveria bassiana Hirsutella thompsonii Isaria fumosorosea Lecanicillium lecanii Metarhizium anisopliae Nomuraea rileyi Paracoccus denitrificans Bifidobacterium animalis Bifidobacterium bifidum Bifidobacterium breve Bifidobacterium infantis Bifidobacterium longum More Products Resources Read all

Indogulf BioAg is a Manufacturer & Global Exporter of Iron Solubilising, Acidithiobacillus Ferrooxidans & other Bacterias. Contact us @ +1 437 774 3831 < Microbial Species Iron Solubilizing Bacteria Iron Solubilizing Bacteria convert insoluble forms of iron into highly soluble forms that plants can easily absorb, thereby preventing iron deficiency and significantly promoting healthy plant development. Product Enquiry What Why How FAQ What it is Iron solubilizing bacteria (ISB) are specialized microorganisms that enhance the availability of iron (Fe) in the soil. Iron is an essential micronutrient for plants, involved in various physiological processes such as photosynthesis, respiration, and nitrogen fixation. However, iron in many soils exists in insoluble forms that are not readily accessible to plants. ISB convert these insoluble forms into soluble iron that plants can absorb and utilize. Why is it important Iron deficiency can severely impact plant growth and productivity, particularly in calcareous or alkaline soils where iron availability is limited. The importance of iron solubilizing bacteria includes: Enhanced Nutrient Availability : ISB increase the availability of iron, promoting healthier and more vigorous plant growth. Improved Plant Health : Adequate iron levels support chlorophyll synthesis, enzyme activation, and overall plant metabolism. Sustainable Agriculture : Utilizing ISB can reduce the need for chemical iron fertilizers, promoting environmentally friendly farming practices. How it works Iron solubilizing bacteria employ several mechanisms to convert insoluble iron into soluble forms: Production of Organic Acids : ISB produce organic acids such as citric acid, gluconic acid, and siderophores. These acids lower the pH in the immediate vicinity of the bacteria, facilitating the dissolution of insoluble iron compounds (e.g., iron oxides) and releasing soluble iron ions (Fe^2+ and Fe^3+) into the soil solution. Reduction Processes : Some ISB can mediate reduction processes that convert insoluble ferric iron (Fe^3+) into more soluble ferrous iron (Fe^2+), which is more easily absorbed by plants. Chelation : ISB can produce siderophores, which are organic molecules that chelate iron ions, making them more soluble and available for plant uptake. By enhancing iron availability in the soil, iron solubilizing bacteria contribute to improved plant nutrition, health, and productivity, supporting sustainable agricultural practices. FAQ Content coming soon! Iron Solubilizing Bacteria Our Products Explore our range of premium Iron Solubilizing Bacteria strains tailored to meet your agricultural needs, ensuring efficient iron uptake for healthy plant development. Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans Acidithiobacillus Ferrooxidans acts as a biofertilizer, enhancing nutrient availability by solubilizing soil iron, crucial for plants in iron-deficient soils. View Species 1 1 ... 1 ... 1 Resources Read all

Indogulf BioAg is a Manufacturer & Global Exporter of Sulphur Solubilizing, Acidithiobacillus Thioxidans, Thiobacillus Novellus & other Bacterias. Contact us @ +1 437 774 3831 What Why How FAQ What it is Sulfur solubilizing bacteria (SSB) are a specialized group of microorganisms that have the ability to convert insoluble forms of sulfur into soluble forms that plants can readily absorb. These bacteria play a critical role in the sulfur cycle, enhancing the availability of this essential nutrient in the soil. Why is it important Sulfur is a vital nutrient for plant growth, involved in the formation of amino acids, vitamins, and enzymes. Despite its importance, sulfur is often present in forms that plants cannot directly utilize. Sulfur solubilizing bacteria help bridge this gap by transforming these insoluble forms into plant-available sulfate (SO4^2-). The significance of sulfur solubilizing bacteria includes: Improved Nutrient Availability: By converting insoluble sulfur compounds into soluble forms, these bacteria ensure that plants have adequate access to sulfur, promoting healthier growth and development. Enhanced Soil Health: Sulfur solubilizing bacteria contribute to overall soil fertility, creating a more balanced and nutrient-rich environment for plants. Sustainable Farming Practices: Utilizing SSB can reduce the dependence on chemical sulfur fertilizers, leading to more sustainable and environmentally friendly agricultural practices. How it works Sulfur solubilizing bacteria employ a variety of mechanisms to solubilize sulfur compounds in the soil: Oxidation: Some SSB oxidize elemental sulfur (S) or sulfide minerals (such as pyrite, FeS2) to produce sulfuric acid (H2SO4). This acidification process dissolves sulfur compounds, releasing sulfate ions (SO4^2-) that plants can absorb. Production of Organic Acids: Certain SSB produce organic acids, such as citric acid or oxalic acid, which chelate (bind to) insoluble sulfur compounds, making them more soluble and available for plant uptake. Enzymatic Action: Enzymes produced by SSB can break down complex sulfur-containing organic matter, releasing sulfate ions into the soil. By these processes, sulfur solubilizing bacteria enhance the bioavailability of sulfur in the soil, supporting plant nutrition and growth. FAQ Content coming soon! < Microbial Species Sulphur Solubilizing Bacteria Sulphur Solubilizing Bacteria enhance the availability of sulfur in the soil by converting insoluble sulfur compounds into forms that plants can easily uptake, improving plant nutrition and growth. Product Enquiry Sulphur Solubilizing Bacteria Our Products Explore our range of premium Sulphur Solubilizing Bacteria strains tailored to meet your agricultural needs, enhancing sulfur availability for optimal plant growth. Acidithiobacillus novellus Acidithiobacillus novellus sulfur oxidation in soil, improving nutrient availability for crops, particularly aiding in sulfur deficiency in soils, thereby boosting yield and plant health. View Species Acidithiobacillus thiooxidans Acidithiobacillus thiooxidans is a highly efficient sulfur-oxidizing bacterium that converts elemental sulfur and sulfide minerals into sulfate, enhancing soil nutrient availability and supporting crop growth. Its acidophilic nature allows it to thrive in extreme environments, making it a vital tool for bioremediation efforts, such as treating acid mine drainage and neutralizing soil contamination caused by heavy metals. Additionally, A. thiooxidans is widely used in bioleaching processes to extract valuable metals from low-grade ores, contributing to sustainable industrial and environmental practices. View Species Thiobacillus novellus Thiobacillus novellus, an effective inoculant that oxidizes sulfur, enhancing nutrient availability for plants while supporting bioremediation in contaminated soils. View Species Thiobacillus thiooxidans Acidithiobacillus thiooxidans is a potent sulfur-oxidizing bacterium that enhances soil sulfur availability, drives bioleaching of metals, and contributes to wastewater and sludge treatment, supporting sustainable agriculture and bioremediation. View Species 1 1 ... 1 ... 1 Resources Read all

Indogulf BioAg is a Manufacturer & Global Exporter of Nematicides, Serratia Marcescens, Pochonia Chlamydosporia, verticillum & other Bacterias. Contact us @ +1 437 774 3831 < Microbial Species Bionematicides Bionematicides are innovative biological agents designed to control plant-parasitic nematodes (PPNs) in agricultural soils. These products work by targeting nematodes ( i.e root knot nematodes) directly or improving the resilience of crops against nematode attacks. By protecting plant roots, bionematicides help enhance crop health, boost yields, and promote sustainable farming practices. Unlike traditional chemical nematicides, bionematicides are derived from naturally occurring microorganisms—such as nematophagous fungi and beneficial bacteria—or bioactive compounds from plants and microbes. These agents offer an eco-friendly, residue-free alternative, making them a vital part of modern integrated pest management (IPM) systems. Product Enquiry What Why How FAQ What it is Bionematicides are advanced biological agents designed to control plant-parasitic nematodes, protecting crops and improving yields. Made from proprietary strains of fungi and bacteria, these eco-friendly solutions reduce chemical dependency, promote soil health, and provide sustainable, long-term pest management through mechanisms like parasitism, predation, and induced plant resistance. Perfect for integrated pest management systems, they ensure effective and environmentally safe nematode control. Why is it important 1. Environmental Safety Non-toxic to humans, animals, and non-target organisms, including beneficial soil microbes, insects, and earthworms. Biodegradable, leaving no harmful residues in the environment. Supports eco-conscious farming practices by reducing chemical inputs and their associated risks. 2. Soil Health Promotion Enhances soil biodiversity by fostering the growth of beneficial microorganisms. Restores soil structure and promotes nutrient cycling, reversing the damage caused by chemical nematicides. Strengthens the rhizosphere, enabling plants to thrive in nematode-prone soils. 3. Resistance Management Deploys multiple biological modes of action, such as parasitism, predation, and enzymatic activity, reducing the likelihood of nematode resistance. Adaptive solutions ensure sustained efficacy even under changing environmental conditions. 4. Cost-Effective and Sustainable Reduces reliance on expensive synthetic nematicides by offering a long-lasting and scalable solution. Aligns with consumer demand for chemical-free, organic produce while maintaining farm profitability. How it works Bionematicides target nematodes through diverse biological mechanisms that disrupt their life cycle and protect plant roots: 1. Predation Mechanism : Predatory fungi and nematophagous bacteria actively hunt and consume nematodes, reducing their populations in the soil. Example : Paecilomyces lilacinus traps nematode eggs and juveniles, digesting their contents to halt infestations. 2. Parasitism Mechanism : Certain fungi and bacteria attach to nematodes or penetrate their bodies, releasing enzymes and toxins that suppress development or reproduction. Example : Pochonia chlamydosporia colonizes nematode eggs, degrading their protective layers to prevent hatching. 3. Antagonism Mechanism : Beneficial microbes compete with nematodes for resources or release nematicidal compounds that inhibit nematode growth and reproduction. Example : Serratia marcescens produces protease enzymes that disrupt nematode cuticles and lifecycle stages. 4. Induced Plant Resistance Mechanism : Bionematicides stimulate systemic resistance in plants, activating natural defense pathways to withstand nematode infections. Example : Bacillus thuringiensis primes plants for stronger immune responses while producing Cry proteins that target nematodes directly. FAQ Content coming soon! Bionematicides Our Products Explore our range of premium Bionematicides tailored to meet your agricultural needs, offering natural and sustainable solutions for nematode control in your crops. Paecilomyces lilacinus Paecilomyces Lilacinus is a versatile biological agent employed as both a nematicide and seed treatment. It effectively targets and controls parasitic nematodes in agriculture. View Species Pochonia chlamydosporia Pochonia Chlamydosporia is a beneficial fungus effective against parasitic nematodes. It colonizes nematode eggs, preventing their development, offering sustainable pest control solutions. View Species Serratia marcescens Serratia marcescens is a highly adaptable Gram-negative bacterium renowned for its diverse metabolic capabilities and significant applications across environmental sustainability, agriculture, and biotechnology. This remarkable microorganism is characterized by its ability to produce prodigiosin, a vibrant red pigment, and its effectiveness in promoting plant health and bioremediating various pollutants. View Species Verticillium chlamydosporium Verticillium Chlamydosporium: Biological nematicide with enzyme action, sustainable pest management without environmental residue. View Species Resources Read all

Are you searching for bio compost degrading microorganisms products? Indogulf BioAg is a Manufacturer & Global Exporter of Aspergillus Niger, Aspergillus Oryzae & other Bacterias also. < Microbial Species Bio Compost Degrading Bio Compost Degrading microorganisms accelerate the decomposition of organic matter in compost, enhancing the production of nutrient-rich compost for use in soil improvement and plant growth. Product Enquiry What Why How FAQ What it is Nitrogen-fixing bacteria are broadly categorized based on their interactions with plants: 1. Symbiotic Nitrogen-Fixing Bacteria These microorganisms form beneficial, mutualistic associations with certain plants, particularly legumes. Rhizobium species : The most prominent symbiotic nitrogen fixers, Rhizobium bacteria colonize legume roots (beans, peas, lentils, clover), forming specialized structures called root nodules. Within these nodules, nitrogenase enzymes actively convert atmospheric nitrogen into ammonia, providing the host plant with essential nitrogen nutrients. In exchange, plants supply the bacteria with carbon-based energy sources derived from photosynthesis. This mutualistic interaction is foundational in organic farming systems, significantly reducing the need for synthetic nitrogen fertilizers. Rhizobia: Soybean roots contain (a) nitrogen-fixing nodules. Cells within the nodules are infected with Bradyrhyzobium japonicum, a rhizobia or “root-loving” bacterium. The bacteria are encased in (b) vesicles inside the cell, as can be seen in this transmission electron micrograph. Rhizobia: Soybean roots contain (a) nitrogen-fixing nodules. Cells within the nodules are infected with Bradyrhyzobium japonicum , a rhizobia or “root-loving” bacterium. The bacteria are encased in (b) vesicles inside the cell, as can be seen in this transmission electron micrograph. ( source ) 2. Free-Living Nitrogen-Fixing Bacteria Free-living nitrogen fixers operate independently within the soil ecosystem, requiring no direct plant host to carry out nitrogen fixation. Azotobacter species : These aerobic bacteria are prevalent in nitrogen-rich, organic soils, actively enhancing nitrogen availability by converting atmospheric nitrogen into ammonia directly within the soil. Cyanobacteria (blue-green algae): Widely distributed in various environments, cyanobacteria contribute significantly to nitrogen fixation, especially in aquatic ecosystems and rice paddies. They also improve soil organic matter and fertility, supporting sustainable crop growth. Cyanobacteria under microscopic view (Elif Bayraktar/Shutterstock.com) Why is it important Soil Fertility and Nutrient Cycling Nitrogen-fixing bacteria play a critical role in replenishing soil nitrogen levels, forming a vital component of the nitrogen cycle . These bacteria convert atmospheric nitrogen (N₂)—which plants cannot utilize directly—into biologically accessible forms such as ammonia (NH₃) and ammonium ions (NH₄⁺). This process, known as biological nitrogen fixation, significantly enhances soil fertility. By naturally enriching soils with essential nitrogen, these bacteria support plant growth, increase crop yields, and promote robust root development. Additionally, nitrogen-fixing bacteria improve nutrient cycling efficiency by decomposing organic matter and recycling nitrogen compounds within the soil ecosystem, maintaining nutrient availability and reducing the need for external nutrient inputs. Sustainable Agriculture The use of nitrogen-fixing bacteria represents a sustainable and environmentally friendly alternative to synthetic nitrogen fertilizers. By integrating these microorganisms into agricultural systems—such as through inoculants or by planting nitrogen-fixing legumes—farmers can substantially decrease their dependence on chemical fertilizers. This approach not only lowers production costs but also enhances agricultural sustainability by promoting natural soil health, reducing the environmental footprint, and supporting resilient agricultural practices that conserve resources for future generations. Incorporating nitrogen-fixing bacteria into crop management strategies aligns with organic farming principles and contributes to long-term productivity without sacrificing soil health or environmental quality. Environmental Benefits Reduction in Greenhouse Gas Emissions : Excessive use of synthetic nitrogen fertilizers leads to significant emissions of nitrous oxide (N₂O), a potent greenhouse gas with a global warming potential far greater than carbon dioxide. By reducing reliance on synthetic fertilizers through the use of nitrogen-fixing bacteria, farmers can significantly mitigate these harmful emissions, contributing to efforts aimed at combating climate change and reducing the agricultural sector's carbon footprint. Prevention of Soil Degradation: Natural nitrogen enrichment by nitrogen-fixing bacteria enhances soil organic matter, improving soil structure, aeration, and moisture retention capacity. This reduces soil erosion, compaction, and degradation often associated with heavy chemical fertilizer use. Furthermore, minimizing chemical contamination promotes healthier soil ecosystems and biodiversity, fostering a balanced microbial environment essential for sustainable agriculture. Water Pollution Mitigation: Nitrogen runoff from excessive synthetic fertilizer application frequently contaminates groundwater and surface water, leading to eutrophication, algal blooms, and ecosystem damage. By incorporating nitrogen-fixing bacteria to naturally supply plants with nitrogen, agricultural practices can significantly decrease nitrogen runoff. This helps preserve water quality, protects aquatic ecosystems, and ensures safer drinking water sources, aligning agricultural productivity with environmental conservation. How it works Mechanism of Biological Nitrogen Fixation Biological nitrogen fixation is an essential microbial-mediated biochemical process whereby inert atmospheric nitrogen gas (N₂) is transformed into bioavailable ammonia (NH₃). This intricate process is pivotal for maintaining ecological balance and agricultural productivity, comprising the following sequential steps: Atmospheric Nitrogen Capture: Specialized nitrogen-fixing microorganisms, including symbiotic bacteria associated with legume roots (e.g., Rhizobium species) and free-living soil bacteria (e.g., Azotobacter ), effectively capture atmospheric nitrogen gas. Catalytic Role of Nitrogenase Enzyme: The enzyme nitrogenase orchestrates the energy-dependent conversion of atmospheric nitrogen into ammonia. This catalytic reduction is an ATP-intensive reaction requiring strictly anaerobic conditions to ensure optimal enzyme functionality and prevent oxidative damage to nitrogenase components. Integration and Utilization of Ammonia: The ammonia produced through nitrogen fixation serves as a critical nitrogen source. Within symbiotic interactions, host plants directly assimilate ammonia to synthesize essential biomolecules, such as proteins and nucleic acids. Conversely, in free-living bacterial systems, ammonia is released into the soil, enhancing nutrient availability and benefiting surrounding plant and microbial communities, thereby improving overall soil health and fertility. FAQ What soil conditions favor nitrogen-fixing bacteria? Optimal pH 6.0–8.0, moderate moisture (60–70% field capacity), and organic matter >1.5%. How quickly will I see results after application? Initial benefits (root vigor) appear within 3–4 weeks; significant yield improvements by crop maturity. Are there compatibility issues with chemical inputs? Avoid simultaneous application with broad-spectrum fungicides. Integrate with herbicides and insecticides per label guidelines. Why choose biological fixation over synthetic N? Enhances soil health, reduces greenhouse gas emissions, and improves long-term sustainability of farming systems. Bio Compost Degrading Our Products Explore our range of premium Bio Compost Degrading strains tailored to meet your agricultural needs, accelerating the decomposition of compost materials to enrich soil fertility. Aspergillus niger Aspergillus niger is a beneficial filamentous fungus widely used in agriculture for its ability to produce enzymes that enhance composting and improve soil fertility. Known for breaking down organic matter through enzymes - cellulases, amylases, and pectinases, Asp. niger accelerates the decomposition of agricultural waste into nutrient-rich compost. This compost acts as a natural fertilizer, enriching the soil with essential nutrients, improving its structure, and promoting water retention. Additionally, Asp. niger contributes to bioremediation by degrading harmful chemicals and pollutants, making it an eco-friendly solution for sustainable waste management. As a fungal activator, it plays a crucial role in integrated pest management by indirectly suppressing soil-borne pathogens and pests, fostering healthier and more resilient crops. View Species Aspergillus oryzae Aspergillus oryzae is a filamentous fungus widely utilized in industrial and agricultural applications due to its enzymatic versatility. It plays a crucial role in food and beverage fermentation by producing amylases, cellulases, and proteases, which catalyze the breakdown of complex carbohydrates and proteins. In agriculture, A. oryzae is integral to composting processes, where its enzymatic activity accelerates the decomposition of organic matter, enhancing nutrient cycling and improving soil fertility. The ability of A. oryzae to convert agricultural waste into nutrient-rich compost makes it a critical component of sustainable farming practices and organic waste management, bridging industrial biotechnology and eco-friendly agricultural and environmental solutions. View Species Cellulomonas carate Cellulomonas carate is a highly active compost-degrading bacterium that excels in breaking down cellulose and other organic materials, making it invaluable for sustainable agriculture and bio-composting systems. View Species Cellulomonas gelida Cellulomonas gelida is a cellulolytic bacterium that aids in the efficient decomposition of crop residues, contributing to effective compost production. By breaking down complex plant materials, it enhances nutrient cycling and improves soil fertility. This bacterium is instrumental in sustainable agricultural practices, supporting organic matter recycling and promoting healthier, more productive soils. View Species Cellulomonas uda Cellulomonas uda is a cellulolytic bacterium that plays a critical role in accelerating composting processes. By breaking down cellulose and other organic matter, it generates heat, which raises the compost temperature to levels that enhance the activity of other microorganisms. This synergistic action speeds up decomposition, improves nutrient cycling, and ensures the production of high-quality compost for agricultural and horticultural use. View Species 1 1 ... 1 ... 1 Resources Read all