Pseudomonas striata improves soil health, enhances root systems, increases plant drought tolerance, optimizes soil nutrition for sustained crop productivity. Compatible with bio-pesticides and bio-fertilizers. < Microbial Species Pseudomonas striata Pseudomonas striata improves soil health, enhances root systems, increases plant drought tolerance, optimizes soil nutrition for sustained crop productivity. Compatible with bio-pesticides and bio-fertilizers. Strength 1 x 10⁸ CFU per gram / 1 x 10⁹ CFU per gram Product Enquiry Download Brochure Benefits Improves Soil and Plant Health Enhances both soil fertility and plant vigor, leading to healthier crops. Enhances Root System Promotes the development of robust root systems, improving nutrient and water uptake. Increases Plant Tolerance to Stress Boosts plant resilience to environmental stresses like drought and disease. Promotes Sustainable Agriculture Supports sustainable farming practices by reducing the need for chemical inputs and enhancing soil biodiversity. Dosage & Application Additional Info Scientific References Mode of Action FAQ Scientific References 1. Phosphorus Solubilization & Soil Fertility Enhancement P. striata solubilizes phosphate by producing organic acids like tartaric and gluconic acid, and also produces extracellular phytase and indole-3-acetic acid (IAA), enhancing phosphorus availability and plant growth in pearl millet. Gaind, 2013 – Journal of Crop Improvement Application of P. striata with rock phosphate significantly increased phosphorus uptake and yield in soybean, suggesting cost-effective alternatives to chemical fertilizers. Dubey, 1996 – Journal of the Indian Society of Soil Science 2. Plant Growth Promotion Inoculation with P. striata enhances root and shoot biomass, nutrient uptake, and productivity in crops like sorghum and mungbean, especially in phosphorus-deficient soils. Saxena & Mohan, 2010 – Field trial study Combined inoculation with Piriformospora indica and P. striata showed synergistic effects on chickpea biomass, though phosphorus uptake remained unaffected. Meena et al., 2010 – Biology and Fertility of Soils 3. Biocontrol & Nematode Suppression Culture filtrates of P. striata reduced egg hatch of the root-knot nematode Meloidogyne javanica by up to 95%, suggesting strong nematicidal potential. Ansari et al., 2002 – Laboratory study P. striata also suppressed nematode infections in mungbean and improved nodulation and nutrient uptake in synergy with Bradyrhizobium . Khan et al., 2016 – Biological Control 4. Enzymatic Activity & Biochemical Potential P. striata produces amino acid racemases and amidases capable of breaking down compounds like acetanilide into aniline and acetic acid, indicating use in biodegradation. Hsiung et al., 1975 – Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications Enzyme studies revealed broad-substrate amino acid racemase activity, with potential in biochemical conversions. Roise et al., 1984 – Biochemistry 5. Environmental Monitoring & Biosensing P. striata was used in developing zinc-selective membrane biosensors due to its cell membrane sensitivity to metal ions. Datta et al., 2009 – Indian Journal of Science and Technology Would you like a formatted reference list (APA/MLA) or a summary version of these resources for web use? Mode of Action Phosphate Solubilization P. striata secretes organic acids like tartaric, gluconic, citric, and malic acids that chelate calcium and release bound phosphorus from insoluble forms (like tricalcium and rock phosphate), making it available for plant uptake. It also produces extracellular phytase, which helps mineralize organic phosphate (Gaind, 2013) . 2. Plant Growth Promotion The bacterium produces indole-3-acetic acid (IAA), a phytohormone that promotes root elongation and plant biomass. Its growth-promoting effect has been observed in crops like soybean, pearl millet, chickpea, and mungbean (Dubey, 1996) , (Meena et al., 2010) .] 3. Biocontrol of Soil Pathogens P. striata produces metabolites that suppress root-knot nematodes ( Meloidogyne spp. ), significantly reducing egg hatching and juvenile survival. This makes it a potential eco-friendly nematicide (Ansari et al., 2002) , (Khan et al., 2016) . 4. Enzyme Production and Biodegradation The bacterium synthesizes enzymes such as: Aryl amidases , which hydrolyze compounds like acetanilide into aniline and acetic acid, useful in organic pollutant degradation (Hsiung et al., 1975) . Amino acid racemases , which catalyze D/L amino acid interconversion, showing promise in biochemical applications (Roise et al., 1984) . 5. Rhizosphere Colonization P. striata establishes well in the rhizosphere, maintaining populations throughout plant growth stages even under varying fertilizer levels, ensuring sustained benefits to plants (Rajkumar et al., 2008) . Additional Info Recommended Crops: Cereals, Millets, Pulses, Oilseeds, Fibre Crops, Sugar Crops, Forage Crops, Plantation crops, Vegetables, Fruits, Spices, Flowers, Medicinal crops, Aromatic Crops, Orchards, and Ornamentals. Compatibility: Compatible with Bio Pesticides, Bio Fertilizers, and Plant growth hormones but not with chemical fertilizers and chemical pesticides. Shelf Life: Stable within 1 year from the date of manufacturing. Packing: We offer tailor-made packaging as per customers' requirements. Dosage & Application Seed Coating/Seed Treatment : 1 kg of seeds will be coated with a slurry mixture of 10 g of Pseudomonas striata and 10 g of crude sugar in sufficient water. The coated seeds will then be dried in shade and sow or broadcast in the field. Seedling Treatment : Dip the seedlings into the mixture of 100 grams of Pseudomonas striata and sufficient amount of water. Soil Treatment : Mix 3-5 kg per acre of Pseudomonas striata with organic manure/organic fertilizers. Incorporate the mixture and spread into the field at the time of planting/sowing. Irrigation : Mix 3 kg per acre of Pseudomonas striata in a sufficient amount of water and run into the drip lines. FAQ What is Pseudomonas striata? Pseudomonas striata is a soil bacterium known for its ability to solubilize phosphate and promote plant growth. It is commonly used as a biofertilizer and biocontrol agent in sustainable agriculture. How does P. striata make phosphorus more available to plants? It releases organic acids such as tartaric, gluconic, and citric acids that break down insoluble phosphate compounds in the soil, converting them into forms plants can absorb (Gaind, 2013) . Does P. striata improve plant growth? Yes. It produces the plant hormone indole-3-acetic acid (IAA), enhances nutrient uptake, and increases root and shoot biomass in crops like soybean, pearl millet, and mungbean (Dubey, 1996) , (Khan et al., 2016) . Can it control plant pests or diseases? Yes. P. striata culture filtrates can suppress nematodes like Meloidogyne javanica, reducing egg hatch by up to 95%, making it a promising biocontrol agent (Ansari et al., 2002) . Is P. striata safe and environmentally friendly? Yes. It is naturally occurring in soils and supports eco-friendly farming by reducing reliance on chemical fertilizers and pesticides. Does P. striata have industrial applications? It produces enzymes like amidases and amino acid racemases that can degrade organic pollutants and may be useful in biodegradation and biochemical processing (Hsiung et al., 1975) . Related Products Aspergillus awamori Bacillus firmus Bacillus megaterium Bacillus polymyxa Pseudomonas putida More Products Resources Read all

Pseudomonas spp. are versatile Gram-negative bacteria widely recognized for their role in biological control and plant health management. These bacteria produce antimicrobial compounds, enzymes, and secondary metabolites that effectively suppress plant pathogens, including fungi and bacteria, reducing disease incidence in crops. In agriculture, Pseudomonas spp. serve as eco-friendly alternatives to chemical pesticides, supporting sustainable farming practices. They also enhance plant stress tolerance by improving nutrient availability, promoting root growth, and inducing systemic resistance in plants. Their multifaceted benefits make Pseudomonas spp. essential for integrated pest management and environmentally responsible agriculture. < Microbial Species Pseudomonas spp. Pseudomonas spp. are versatile Gram-negative bacteria widely recognized for their role in biological control and plant health management. These bacteria produce antimicrobial compounds, enzymes, and… Show More Strength 1 x 10⁸ CFU per gram / 1 x 10⁹ CFU per gram Product Enquiry Download Brochure Benefits Nutrient Solubilization Solubilizes nutrients such as phosphorus, making them more available to plants. Environmental Adaptability Thrives in diverse environmental conditions, contributing to soil and plant health. Biocontrol Agent Acts as a biocontrol agent against various plant pathogens, reducing disease severity. Phytostimulation Produces plant growth-promoting substances (phytohormones) that enhance crop growth and yield. Dosage & Application Additional Info Scientific References Mode of Action FAQ Scientific References Content coming soon! Mode of Action Content coming soon! Additional Info Target pests: Leaf blight, Leaf spots, Stem rot, Root rot diseases Recommended Crops: Cereals, Millets, Pulses, Oilseeds, Fibre Crops, Sugar Crops, Forage Crops, Plantation crops, Vegetables, Fruits, Spices, Flowers, Medicinal crops, Aromatic Crops, Orchards, and Ornamentals. Compatibility: Compatible with Bio Pesticides, Bio Fertilizers, and Plant growth hormones but not with chemical fertilizers and chemical pesticides. Shelf Life: Stable within 1 year from the date of manufacturing. Packing: We offer tailor-made packaging as per customers' requirements. Dosage & Application Wettable Powder: 1 x 10⁸ CFU per gram Foliar Application: 1 Acre dose: 3-5 kg, 1 Ha dose: 7.5 - 12.5 Kg Soil Application (Soil drench or Drip irrigation): 1 Acre dose: 3-5 kg, 1 Ha dose: 7.5 - 12.5 Kg Soil Application (Soil drench or Drip irrigation) for Long duration crops / Orchards / Perennials: 1 Acre dose: 3-5 kg, 1 Ha dose: 7.5 - 12.5 Kg, Apply 2 times in 1 Year. Before onset of monsoon and after monsoon. Seed Dressing: 1 Kg seed: 10 g Pseudomonas spp + 10 g crude sugar Foliar application for Long duration crops / Orchards / Perennials: 1 Acre dose: 1 Kg, 1 Ha dose: 2.5 Kg, Apply 2 times in 1 Year. Before onset of monsoon and after monsoon. Soluble Powder: 1 x 10⁸ CFU per gram Foliar Application: 1 Acre dose: 1 Kg, 1 Ha dose: 2.5 Kg Soil Application (Soil drench or Drip irrigation): 1 Acre dose: 1 Kg, 1 Ha dose: 2.5 Kg Soil Application (Soil drench or Drip irrigation) for Long duration crops / Orchards / Perennials: 1 Acre dose: 1 Kg, 1 Ha dose: 2.5 Kg Seed Dressing: 1 Kg seed: 1 g Pseudomonas spp + 10 g crude sugar Foliar Application for Long duration crops / Orchards / Perennials: 1 Acre dose: 1 Kg, 1 Ha dose: 2.5 Kg, Apply 2 times in 1 Year. Before onset of monsoon and after monsoon. Seed Dressing Method: Mix Pseudomonas spp with crude sugar in sufficient water to make a slurry. Coat seeds and dry in shade. Sow / broadcast / dibble in the field. Do not store treated / coated seeds for more than 24 hours. Soil Application Method: Mix at recommended doses with compost and apply at early life stages of crop along with other biofertilizers. First application: At land preparation stage / sowing / planting. Second application: Three weeks after first application. Mix Pseudomonas spp at recommended doses in sufficient water and drench soil at early leaf stage / 2-4 leaf stage / early crop life cycle. Drip Irrigation: If there are insoluble particles, filter the solution and add to drip tank. For long duration crops / Perennial / Orchard crops: Dissolve Pseudomonas spp at recommended doses in sufficient water and apply as a drenching spray near root zone twice a year. It is recommended to have the first application before the onset of the main monsoon / rainfall / spring season and the second application after the main monsoon / rainfall / autumn / fall season. Foliar Application Method: Mix Pseudomonas spp at recommended doses in sufficient water and spray on soil during the off-season. Apply twice a year for long duration crops. It is recommended to have the first application before the onset of the main monsoon / rainfall / spring season and the second application after the main monsoon / rainfall / autumn / fall season. Note: Do not store Pseudomonas spp solution for more than 24 hours after mixing in water. FAQ What does Pseudomonas spp. mean? Pseudomonas spp. refers to a group of bacteria within the genus Pseudomonas . These bacteria are widely distributed in nature and can be found in soil, water, and on various surfaces. Some species of Pseudomonas are known for their beneficial properties, such as promoting plant growth or acting as biocontrol agents. However, other species, such as Pseudomonas aeruginosa , can be opportunistic pathogens causing infections in humans and animals. What causes high Pseudomonas spp.? High levels of Pseudomonas spp. can be caused by several factors, including: Contaminated Environments : Pseudomonas bacteria thrive in moist, nutrient-rich environments, such as hospitals, swimming pools, soil, or wastewater. Poor hygiene or inadequate sanitation can lead to higher concentrations. Infected Equipment : Improperly sterilized medical equipment, such as catheters or ventilators, can harbor Pseudomonas bacteria and facilitate their spread. Weakened Immune System : People with compromised immune systems (e.g., those with chronic diseases, undergoing chemotherapy, or taking immunosuppressive drugs) are more susceptible to infections caused by Pseudomonas . Antibiotic Resistance : Overuse or misuse of antibiotics can promote the growth of antibiotic-resistant Pseudomonas strains, increasing their presence in certain environments. How to get rid of Pseudomonas spp.? To control or eliminate Pseudomonas spp. , the following methods can be used: Antibiotics : Infections caused by Pseudomonas (especially Pseudomonas aeruginosa ) are treated with specific antibiotics. However, some strains are resistant, so antibiotic susceptibility testing may be necessary. Proper Hygiene and Disinfection : In healthcare settings, regular cleaning and sterilization of equipment, surfaces, and hands can help reduce the spread of Pseudomonas bacteria. Environmental Control : Reducing moisture and ensuring proper ventilation in places like hospitals, kitchens, or swimming pools can limit the growth of Pseudomonas bacteria. Water Treatment : In environments like pools or cooling towers, regular water treatment with disinfectants such as chlorine can control Pseudomonas growth. What are the first signs of Pseudomonas? The first signs of a Pseudomonas infection depend on the area of the body affected and the species involved. Common signs may include: Skin Infections : Redness, swelling, and pus formation, particularly around wounds, burns, or surgical sites. Respiratory Infections : Coughing, shortness of breath, chest pain, and fever, especially in people with underlying lung conditions (e.g., cystic fibrosis). Urinary Tract Infections (UTIs) : Painful urination, frequent urination, cloudy or foul-smelling urine. Eye Infections : Eye redness, pain, and discharge, which may occur after exposure to contaminated water (e.g., swimming pools). General Symptoms : Fever, chills, fatigue, and pain in the affected area. In people with weakened immune systems, Pseudomonas infections can progress rapidly, so early detection and treatment are crucial. Related Products Ampelomyces quisqualis Bacillus subtilis Bacillus tequilensis Chaetomium cupreum Fusarium proliferatum Lactobacillus plantarum Pediococcus pentosaceus Trichoderma harzianum More Products Resources Read all

Rhodospirillum rubrum is a versatile phototrophic bacterium known for anoxygenic photosynthesis, nitrogen fixation, and carbon cycling. It contributes to soil fertility, degrades pollutants, and produces biohydrogen under specific conditions, making it valuable for ecological research, bioremediation, and renewable energy applications. < Microbial Species Rhodospirillum rubrum Rhodospirillum rubrum is a versatile phototrophic bacterium known for anoxygenic photosynthesis, nitrogen fixation, and carbon cycling. It contributes to soil fertility, degrades pollutants, and produces… Show More Strength 1 x 10⁹ CFU per gram / 1 x 10¹⁰ CFU per gram Product Enquiry Download Brochure Benefits Nitrogen Fixation Capable of fixing atmospheric nitrogen, enhancing soil fertility and promoting healthy plant growth. Photosynthetic Capability Utilizes light energy for growth, contributing to sustainable biomass production and ecological balance. Organic Pollutant Degradation Effective in degrading various organic contaminants, supporting environmental bioremediation efforts. Hydrogen Production Known for its ability to produce hydrogen gas, making it a promising candidate for renewable energy applications. Dosage & Application Additional Info Scientific References Mode of Action FAQ Scientific References Content coming soon! Mode of Action Content coming soon! Additional Info Contact us for more details Dosage & Application Contact us for more details FAQ Content coming soon! Related Products Saccharomyces cerevisiae Bacillus polymyxa Thiobacillus novellus Thiobacillus thiooxidans Alcaligenes denitrificans Bacillus licheniformis Bacillus macerans Citrobacter braakii More Products Resources Read all

Work with us > Job Opportunities Sales Agronomist (Agricultural Sales Representative) – Horticulture & Broadacre Location: London, Ontario (covering Southwestern Ontario) Company: Indogulf BioAg Inc. About Us Indogulf BioAg is a young Ontario-based biotech startup located at the Western Research Park in London, Ontario, focused on advancing sustainable agriculture and farming practices. We are manufacturers of biological agricultural inputs, specializing in microbial species and mycorrhizal fungi, with several products already CFIA registered. Our mission is to help farmers, growers, and greenhouse operators transition towards more sustainable practices while enhancing productivity and profitability. Role Overview We are seeking a motivated Agricultural Sales Representative to drive revenue growth across the horticulture and broadacreage segments in Ontario. The successful candidate will be responsible for developing strong relationships with farmers, growers, greenhouse operators, ag dealerships, and co-ops, while actively promoting and supporting adoption of our registered microbial and biological solutions. This is a hands-on sales role with opportunities to set up trials, demonstrate product value, and grow adoption across Ontario’s major crops and greenhouse sectors. Key Responsibilities Drive sales of CFIA-registered biological inputs in horticulture and broadacreage segments. Develop and manage relationships with dealerships, co-ops, and greenhouse operators. Work directly with farmers and growers to identify opportunities and deliver solutions. Set up and manage field and greenhouse trials, collecting and reporting performance data. Develop territory sales plans to meet and exceed revenue targets. Provide agronomic and technical support to clients on biological inputs and soil health. Represent the company at grower meetings, trade shows, and industry events. Maintain accurate CRM records, pipeline tracking, and sales forecasting. Qualifications Education: Degree or Diploma in Agriculture, Plant Science, Agronomy, Horticulture, or a related field. Experience: 2-3 years in agricultural sales in Canada (Ontario preferred), ideally with experience in crop inputs (fertilizers, biologicals, or crop protection). Strong understanding of plant science and Ontario’s major crops (field crops and horticultural crops). Existing network of growers, greenhouse operators, dealerships, or co-ops is a strong asset. Excellent communication, relationship-building, and presentation skills. Self-motivated, entrepreneurial mindset with passion for sustainable agriculture. Willingness to travel across Southwestern Ontario (vehicle allowance provided). Valid driver’s license required. What We Offer Competitive base salary plus commission. Vehicle allowance and expense coverage for regional travel. Opportunity to work with cutting-edge biological solutions in a fast-growing sector. Be part of an innovative biotech startup with growth opportunities. Continuous training and development in microbial and biological inputs. Fill this form to complete your application. Job position* Select job position (required) Applicant Name* Preferred nickname Email* Phone* City* Linkedin profile Message Resume* Attach resume I agree to be contacted by IndoGulf BioAg regarding this inquiry. * Add me to your mailing list for updates and opportunities. Next Back to Home

< Crop Kits Root Knot Nematodes Root knot nematodes cause galls on roots, affecting nutrient uptake and stunting growth. Soil management and resistant varieties are vital. Product Enquiry Download Brochure Benefits Composition Dosage & Application Additional Info Dosage & Application Additional Info Related Products Aminomax SP Annomax BioProtek Biocupe Neem Plus Seed Protek Silicomax Dates Pro More Products Resources Read all

Frateuria aurantia is a beneficial bacterium solubilizing potassium present in the soil, converting it into a form that plants can utilize. This product is recommended for soils with potassium deficiency. < Microbial Species Frateuria aurantia Frateuria aurantia is a beneficial bacterium solubilizing potassium present in the soil, converting it into a form that plants can utilize. This product is recommended… Show More Strength 1 x 10⁸ CFU per gram / 1 x 10⁹ CFU per gram Product Enquiry Download Brochure Benefits Improved Plant Immune System Enhances plant resistance to pathogens and environmental stresses, promoting healthier growth and higher yields. High Germination Rate Promotes better seed germination, ensuring establishment and early growth of crops. Root Development Stimulates root growth and proliferation, enhancing nutrient and water uptake for plant vigor. Stress Reduction Mitigates environmental stressors, improving plant resilience to adverse conditions and maintaining optimal growth. Dosage & Application Additional Info Scientific References Mode of Action FAQ Scientific References Content coming soon! Mode of Action Content coming soon! Additional Info Recommended Crops: Cereals, Millets, Pulses, Oilseeds, Fibre Crops, Sugar Crops, Forage Crops, Plantation crops, Vegetables, Fruits, Spices, Flowers, Medicinal crops, Aromatic Crops, Orchards, and Ornamentals. Compatibility: Compatible with Bio Pesticides, Bio Fertilizers, and Plant growth hormones but not with chemical fertilizers and chemical pesticides. Shelf Life: Stable within 1 year from the date of manufacturing. Packing: We offer tailor-made packaging as per customers' requirements. Dosage & Application Seed Coating/Seed Treatment: 1 kg of seeds will be coated with a slurry mixture of 10 g of Frateuria Aurantia and 10 g of crude sugar in sufficient water. The coated seeds will then be dried in shade and sow or broadcast in the field. Seedling Treatment: Dipped the seedlings into the mixture of 100 grams of Frateuria Aurantia and sufficient amount of water. Soil Treatment: Mix 3-5 kg per acre of Frateuria Aurantia with organic manure/organic fertilizers. Incorporate the mixture and spread into the field on the time of planting/sowing. Irrigation: Mix 3 kg per acre of Frateuria Aurantia in a sufficient amount of water and run into the drip lines. FAQ Content coming soon! Related Products Bacillus mucilaginosus More Products Resources Read all

Azospirillum brasilense, a plant growth-promoting bacterium, significantly enhances root development and nutrient uptake in crops such as wheat, maize, and rice. This leads to improved plant growth, higher nutrient efficiency, and increased yields, making it a valuable tool for sustainable agriculture." Supporting References: Azospirillum has been shown to improve root development and nutrient uptake, enhancing crop yields under various conditions (Okon & Itzigsohn, 1995). Inoculation with Azospirillum brasilense increases mineral uptake and biomass in crops like maize and sorghum (Lin et al., 1983). Studies have documented up to 29% increased grain production when maize was inoculated with Azospirillum brasilense, particularly when combined with nutrient applications (Ferreira et al., 2013). Enhanced growth and nutrient efficiency in crops such as lettuce and maize have also been reported, supporting its role in sustainable agriculture (da Silva Oliveira et al., 2023) (Marques et al., 2020). < Microbial Species Azospirillum brasilense Azospirillum brasilense, a plant growth-promoting bacterium, significantly enhances root development and nutrient uptake in crops such as wheat, maize, and rice. This leads to improved… Show More Strength 1 x 10⁸ CFU per gram / 1 x 10⁹ CFU per gram Product Enquiry Download Brochure Benefits Enhances nutrient uptake and soil health Improves root system's ability to absorb phosphorus, potassium, and micronutrients, promoting overall soil health. Promotes root growth and development Stimulates lateral and deep root growth, enhancing nutrient and water uptake efficiency in plants. Increases drought tolerance and stress resistance Enhances plant resilience to drought conditions and environmental stresses, improving crop yield stability. Improves plant growth by nitrogen fixation Fixes atmospheric nitrogen, reducing the need for nitrogen fertilizers and enhancing soil fertility. Dosage & Application Additional Info Scientific References Mode of Action FAQ Scientific References 1. Azospirillum: benefits that go far beyond biological nitrogen fixation URL: https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC5935603/ Journal : PMC - PubMed Central (2018) 2. N2 Fixation by Azospirillum brasilense and Its Incorporation into Host Setaria italica URL: https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC239336/ Journal : Applied and Environmental Microbiology 3. Improving Sustainable Field-Grown Wheat Production With Azospirillum brasilense Under Tropical Conditions URL: https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/environmental-science/articles/10.3389/fenvs.2022.821628/full Journal : Frontiers in Environmental Science (2022) 4. Phytohormones and induction of plant-stress tolerance and defense genes by seed and foliar inoculation with Azospirillum brasilense URL: https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC5514007/ Journal : Scientific Reports - Nature (2017) 5. Azospirillum brasilense promotes increases in growth and nitrogen use efficiency of maize genotypes URL: https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC6472877/ Journal : PLOS ONE (2019) Mode of Action Azospirillum brasilense: Mode of Action Biological Nitrogen Fixation Mechanism Azospirillum brasilense converts atmospheric nitrogen (N₂) into plant-available ammonium (NH₄⁺) through the nitrogenase enzyme complex under microaerobic conditions. The enzyme consists of two essential components: the dinitrogenase protein (MoFe protein, encoded by nifDK ) containing a molybdenum-iron cofactor where N₂ reduction occurs, and the dinitrogenase reductase protein (Fe protein, encoded by nifH ) that transfers electrons to the nitrogenase protein. ( academic.oup+1 ) Regulatory Control Systems Transcriptional Regulation The nitrogen fixation genes are organized in a major 30 kb nif gene cluster containing the nifHDK operon, with separately transcribed nifA and nifB genes. Expression is controlled by the NtrBC two-component regulatory system and the alternative sigma factor σ⁵⁴ (RpoN). Unlike Klebsiella pneumoniae , transcription of nifA in A. brasilense does not require NtrBC, and nifHDK expression is primarily controlled through posttranslational regulation of NifA activity . ( pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih+1 ) Post-translational Regulation A. brasilense employs a sophisticated dual regulatory mechanism for rapid nitrogenase inactivation. The primary system involves reversible ADP-ribosylation of the nitrogenase Fe protein mediated by DraT (dinitrogenase reductase ADP-ribosyltransferase) and DraG (dinitrogenase reductase activating glycohydrolase) enzymes. A second independent mechanism exists that can partially inhibit nitrogenase activity in response to ammonium, even when ADP-ribosylation is eliminated.( pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih+2 ) Phytohormone Production and Root Morphology Alteration Indole-3-Acetic Acid (IAA) Biosynthesis A. brasilense produces significant amounts of IAA through the indole-3-pyruvate (IPyA) pathway . The key enzyme indole-3-pyruvate decarboxylase (IpdC) converts indole-3-pyruvic acid to IAA, with the ipdC gene being essential for bacterial IAA production . IAA production reaches 10.8 μg/ml in strain Cd and varies significantly between strains . (springer+4 ) IAA serves a dual function - it promotes plant growth while also protecting the bacterium from toxic effects of indole intermediates by maintaining membrane potential homeostasis and regulating bacterial translation. ipdC mutants show reduced growth rates, altered physiology, and more depolarized membrane potential compared to wild-type strains. ( pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih+1 ) Additional Phytohormones A. brasilense produces multiple plant hormones including gibberellic acid (GA₃) at concentrations up to 0.66 μg/ml , zeatin (cytokinin) up to 2.37 μg/ml , abscisic acid (ABA) up to 0.077 μg/ml , and ethylene . The bacterium can hydrolyze GA₂₀-glucosyl conjugates and perform 3β-hydroxylation to convert GA₂₀ to bioactive GA₁. pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih+2 Root Architecture Modification IAA produced by A. brasilense causes dramatic changes in root morphology including decreased primary root length and increased root hair formation . These effects are completely abolished in ipdC mutants and can be mimicked by exogenous IAA application . The altered root architecture enables plants to explore larger soil volumes for nutrient and water acquisition. academic.oup+1 Root Colonization and Chemotaxis Mechanisms Motility-Dependent Colonization A. brasilense employs active motility and chemotaxis as essential mechanisms for root surface colonization. Motile strains can travel from inoculated roots to non-inoculated roots, forming characteristic band-type colonization patterns composed of bacterial aggregates encircling limited root regions. Non-motile mutants remain at inoculation sites and show severely impaired colonization ability. pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih+2 Energy Taxis and Chemical Sensing Root colonization is mediated by energy taxis through the Tlp1 transducer protein . A. brasilense navigates toward metabolizable compounds in root exudates that affect intracellular energy levels. The bacterium responds to specific chemicals including organic acids (malate, succinate), sugars , and amino acids found in root exudates. Metabolism-dependent chemotaxis contributes to the broad host range observed in Azospirillum -plant associations. journals.asm+2 Two-Phase Attachment Process Colonization involves a two-step process : initial adsorption mediated by the polar flagellum whose flagellin protein facilitates motility-dependent attachment, followed by anchoring through surface polysaccharides that enable stable root surface colonization. ( academic.oup+1 ) Stress Tolerance and ACC Deaminase Activity Ethylene Regulation A. brasilense produces ACC deaminase enzyme which cleaves the ethylene precursor 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate (ACC) into ammonia and α-ketobutyrate . This reduces plant ethylene levels during stress conditions, preventing growth-inhibitory effects of stress ethylene. ACC deaminase activity is constitutively expressed but can be enhanced under stress conditions. ( pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih+1 ) Plants treated with ACC deaminase-producing A. brasilense show enhanced stress tolerance to flooding, drought, salinity, pathogen attack, and metal toxicity. The bacterium itself contains a functional ethylene receptor (AzoEtr1) that responds to plant ethylene signals.( nature+2 ) Multiple Stress Protection Mechanisms A. brasilense confers stress tolerance through various mechanisms including osmotic adjustment , antioxidant enzyme activation , and synthesis of stress-protective compounds like trehalose . The bacterium modifies plant ion selectivity during salt stress, restricting sodium uptake while promoting potassium absorption. ( frontiersin+1 ) Biofilm Formation and Surface Colonization Cyclic-di-GMP Regulation Biofilm formation is regulated by the c-di-GMP signaling system involving diguanylate cyclases like CdgA . The cdgA gene is essential for biofilm formation and exopolysaccharide (EPS) production . Biofilms consist of bacterial aggregates embedded in a matrix of EPS , extracellular DNA , and fibrillar material . pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih+2 Ethylene-Mediated Biofilm Modulation Plant ethylene reduces biofilm formation in A. brasilense through the AzoEtr1 ethylene receptor. Ethylene treatment decreases EPS production and cell aggregation , preventing surface attachment. This represents a novel cross-kingdom signaling mechanism where plant hormones directly influence bacterial colonization behavior.( pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih ) Mineral Nutrition Enhancement Phosphate Availability While A. brasilense strains Cd and Az39 show limited phosphate solubilization ability in standard assays , some strains can solubilize phosphate through organic acid production that reduces medium pH. Co-inoculation with specialized phosphate-solubilizing bacteria enhances phosphate availability. ( citeseerx.ist .psu+3 ) Iron Acquisition and Siderophore Production A. brasilense strains show variable siderophore production depending on strain and culture conditions. While strains Cd and Az39 tested negative for siderophore production in standard assays, other studies suggest potential iron chelation mechanisms exist. ( pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih+1 ) Polyamine Production A. brasilense produces significant quantities of polyamines including spermidine (up to 155 nmol/ml), putrescine , spermine , and cadaverine . Polyamines function as growth regulators and stress protectants , with production patterns influenced by culture medium composition . ( citeseerx.ist .psu+1 ) Agricultural Field Performance Yield Enhancement Mechanisms Field studies demonstrate that A. brasilense inoculation can substitute for 25-50% of nitrogen fertilizer applications without yield reduction. Meta-analyses of Brazilian field trials show consistent positive responses in maize and wheat yields. The bacterium's effectiveness results from the synergistic combination of nitrogen fixation, phytohormone production, stress tolerance enhancement, and improved nutrient uptake.( pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih+3 ) Survival and Persistence A. brasilense survives on root surfaces for several weeks under field conditions, maintaining populations sufficient for continued plant growth promotion. The bacterium forms protective biofilms that enhance survival under environmental stress.( nature+2 ) Additional Info Recommended Crops: Cereals , Millets, Pulses, Oilseeds, Fibre Crops, Sugar Crops, Forage Crops, Plantation crops, Vegetables, Fruits, Spices, Flowers, Medicinal crops, Aromatic Crops, Orchards, and Ornamentals. Compatibility : Compatible with Bio Pesticides, Bio Fertilizers, and Plant growth hormones but not with chemical fertilizers and chemical pesticides. Shelf Life: Stable within 1 year from the date of manufacturing. Packing: We offer tailor-made packaging as per customers' requirements. Dosage & Application Seed Coating/Seed Treatment: Coat 1 kg of seeds with a slurry mixture of 10 g of Azospirillum Brasilense and 10 g of crude sugar in sufficient water. Dry the coated seeds in shade before sowing or broadcasting in the field. Seedling Treatment: Dip seedlings into a mixture of 100 grams of Azospirillum Brasilense with sufficient water. Soil Treatment: Mix 3-5 kg per acre of Azospirillum Brasilense with organic manure or fertilizers. Incorporate into the soil during planting or sowing. Irrigation: Mix 3 kg per acre of Azospirillum Brasilense in water and apply through drip lines. FAQ By what mechanisms does Azospirillum brasilense enhance plant growth and stress tolerance? Azospirillum brasilense is a facultative endophyte that fixates atmospheric nitrogen via nitrogenase activity and secretes a suite of phytohormones (auxins, cytokinins, gibberellins). It also produces exopolysaccharides that improve soil aggregation and water retention. Through phosphorus solubilization (organic acid secretion) and induced systemic tolerance—mediated by modulation of stress-responsive gene expression—A. brasilense ameliorates abiotic stresses such as drought and salinity. What application methodologies are employed for Azospirillum brasilense in crop production? – Seed Coating: Utilize a carrier-based formulation (≥10⁸ CFU/g) at 10 g per kg of seed, combined with a polymeric sticker to ensure uniform adhesion. – Soil Application: Distribute 3–5 kg inoculant per hectare by broadcasting or banding, integrating with organic fertilizer or compost. – Irrigation Integration: Infuse 3 kg inoculant into 1,000 L irrigation solution and apply through drip or sprinkler systems to achieve homogeneous microbial delivery. Which crop species exhibit pronounced yield responses to Azospirillum brasilense? Empirical studies demonstrate yield enhancements in cereals (wheat, maize, rice), legumes (soybean, chickpea), oilseeds (canola, sunflower), and various vegetables (tomato, eggplant) when inoculated with A. brasilense under both irrigated and rainfed conditions. How does Azospirillum brasilense interact at the molecular level with host plants? Upon root colonization, A. brasilense secretes signaling molecules—N-acyl homoserine lactones and lipo-chitin oligosaccharides—that trigger root gene networks involved in nutrient transport and stress responses. The bacterium’s nitrogenase complex reduces N₂, while secreted indole-3-acetic acid influences auxin-responsive transcription factors, collectively fostering root proliferation and enhanced nutrient assimilation. Are there any safety or environmental risks associated with Azospirillum brasilense use? A. brasilense poses negligible biosafety risks; it is non-pathogenic to non-target organisms and does not persist as a pollutant in soil ecosystems. Compatibility with most agrochemicals is high, though cell viability may decrease in the presence of potent oxidizing agents or extreme pH conditions. Related Products Acetobacter xylinum Azospirillum lipoferum Azospirillum spp. Azotobacter vinelandii Beijerinckia indica Bradyrhizobium elkanii Bradyrhizobium japonicum Gluconacetobacter diazotrophicus More Products Resources Read all

Alcaligenes denitrificans is a denitrifying bacterium that plays a crucial role in the nitrogen cycle. It reduces nitrates (NO₃⁻) to nitrogen gas (N₂) under anoxic conditions, effectively mitigating nitrate pollution in agricultural runoff and wastewater. This bacterium is also utilized in bioremediation projects to address nitrogen-related contamination, contributing to sustainable water management and soil health. Its activity helps balance nitrogen levels, reducing environmental impacts and supporting ecosystem stability. < Microbial Species Alcaligenes denitrificans Alcaligenes denitrificans is a denitrifying bacterium that plays a crucial role in the nitrogen cycle. It reduces nitrates (NO₃⁻) to nitrogen gas (N₂) under anoxic… Show More Strength 1 x 10⁹ CFU per gram / 1 x 10¹⁰ CFU per gram Product Enquiry Download Brochure Benefits Wastewater Treatment Enhances the denitrification process, contributing to effective wastewater management. Nitrate Removal Efficiently removes nitrates, helping reduce water pollution and improve water quality. Bioremediation Support Plays a key role in breaking down harmful nitrogen compounds, supporting broader bioremediation efforts. Ecosystem Restoration Aids in balancing nitrogen levels in contaminated soils and aquatic environments. Dosage & Application Additional Info Scientific References Mode of Action FAQ Scientific References Content coming soon! Mode of Action Content coming soon! Additional Info Contact us for more details Dosage & Application Contact us for more details FAQ Content coming soon! Related Products Saccharomyces cerevisiae Bacillus polymyxa Thiobacillus novellus Thiobacillus thiooxidans Bacillus licheniformis Bacillus macerans Citrobacter braakii Citrobacter freundii More Products Resources Read all

Herbaspirillum frisingense is used in agriculture to promote plant growth by fixing nitrogen and producing plant hormones, enhancing crop yields and soil health. < Microbial Species Herbaspirillum frisingense Herbaspirillum frisingense is used in agriculture to promote plant growth by fixing nitrogen and producing plant hormones, enhancing crop yields and soil health. Strength 1 x 10⁸ CFU per gram / 1 x 10⁹ CFU per gram Product Enquiry Download Brochure Benefits Nitrogen Fixation Herbaspirillum frisingense fixes atmospheric nitrogen into ammonia, which enhances nitrogen availability for plants, supporting their growth and development. Plant Growth Promotion Herbaspirillum frisingense produces phytohormones like auxins and cytokinins, which stimulate root growth and increase the efficiency of nutrient and water uptake. Biological Control It exhibits biocontrol properties against plant pathogens by producing antibiotics and siderophores that inhibit pathogen growth, thereby protecting plants from diseases. Phosphate Solubilization It solubilizes phosphate in the soil, making it more accessible to plants, which improves their phosphorus uptake and overall nutrient status. Dosage & Application Additional Info Scientific References Mode of Action FAQ Scientific References Content coming soon! Mode of Action Content coming soon! Additional Info Recommended Crops: Cereals, Millets, Pulses, Oilseeds, Fibre Crops, Sugar Crops, Forage Crops, Plantation crops, Vegetables, Fruits, Spices, Flowers, Medicinal crops, Aromatic Crops, Orchards, and Ornamentals. Compatibility: Compatible with Bio Pesticides, Bio Fertilizers, and Plant growth hormones but not with chemical fertilizers and chemical pesticides. Shelf Life: Stable within 1 year from the date of manufacturing. Packing: We offer tailor-made packaging as per customers' requirements. Dosage & Application Seed Coating/Seed Treatment: Coat 1 kg of seeds with a slurry mixture of 10 g of Herbaspirillum Frisingense and 10 g of crude sugar in sufficient water. Dry the coated seeds in shade before sowing or broadcasting in the field. Seedling Treatment: Dip seedlings into a mixture of 100 grams of Herbaspirillum Frisingense with sufficient water. Soil Treatment: Mix 3-5 kg per acre of Herbaspirillum Frisingense with organic manure or fertilizers. Incorporate into the soil during planting or sowing. Irrigation: Mix 3 kg per acre of Herbaspirillum Frisingense in water and apply through drip lines. FAQ Content coming soon! Related Products Acetobacter xylinum Azospirillum brasilense Azospirillum lipoferum Azospirillum spp. Azotobacter vinelandii Beijerinckia indica Bradyrhizobium elkanii Bradyrhizobium japonicum More Products Resources Read all

< Crop Kits Bacterial Blight Bacterial Blight (Xanthomonas oryzae) causes water-soaked lesions with yellow halos on leaves, requiring resistant varieties and bactericides. Product Enquiry Download Brochure Benefits Composition Dosage & Application Additional Info Dosage & Application Additional Info Related Products Aminomax SP Annomax BioProtek Biocupe Neem Plus Seed Protek Silicomax Dates Pro More Products Resources Read all