Paecilomyces Lilacinus is a versatile biological agent employed as both a nematicide and seed treatment. It effectively targets and controls parasitic nematodes in agriculture. < Microbial Species Paecilomyces lilacinus Paecilomyces Lilacinus is a versatile biological agent employed as both a nematicide and seed treatment. It effectively targets and controls parasitic nematodes in agriculture. Strength 1 x 10⁸ CFU per gram / 1 x 10⁹ CFU per gram Product Enquiry Download Brochure Benefits Compatible with IPM Strategies Compatible with Integrated Pest Management (IPM) strategies, allowing for sustainable pest control measures that integrate biological agents with other pest management. Improves Nutrient Uptake Improves nutrient uptake in plants and enhances overall plant vigor post-nematode attack, aiding in crop recovery and growth. Suppresses Nematode Populations Suppresses nematode populations through its ability to parasitize nematode eggs and compete with nematodes for resources in the soil. Induces Systemic Resistance Induces systemic resistance in plants, enhancing their ability to defend against nematode infestations by activating plant defense mechanisms. Dosage & Application Additional Info Scientific References Mode of Action FAQ Scientific References Oclarit, E.L. & Cumagun, C.J.R. (2009). Evaluation of efficacy of Paecilomyces lilacinus as biological control agent of Meloidogyne incognita attacking tomato. Journal of Plant Protection Research , 49(4), 337-340. plantprotection+1 Liu, Z.J., Shan, L.L. & Chen, X.F. (2024). Identification and growth-promoting effect of Paecilomyces lilacinus a biocontrol fungi for walnut rot disease. PLoS ONE , 19(12), e0314160. journals.plos+1 Khan, A., Williams, K.L. & Nevalainen, H.K.M. (2006). Effects of Paecilomyces lilacinus protease and chitinase on the eggshell structures and viability of Meloidogyne javanica eggs. Biological Control , 38, 346-352. pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih López-Llorca, L.V. & Duncan, G.H. (1988). Nematicidal activity of Paecilomyces lilacinus culture filtrates. Annals of Applied Biology , 113, 603-612. horizon.ird EPA Biopesticides Fact Sheet (2005). Paecilomyces lilacinus strain 251. United States Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Pesticide Programs. epa Yang, J. et al. (2024). Effects of Paecilomyces lilacinus and Bacillus pumilus on stem nematode control and bacterial community structure. Scientific Reports , 14, 24268. pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih+1 Cayrol, J.C., Djian, C. & Pijarowski, L. (1992). Study of the nematicidal properties of the culture filtrate of the nematophagous fungus Paecilomyces lilacinus. Revue de Nématologie , 15(4), 501-507. horizon.ird Kiewnick, S. & Sikora, R.A. (2006). Biological control of the root-knot nematode Meloidogyne incognita by Paecilomyces lilacinus strain 251. Biological Control , 38, 179-187. apsjournals.apsnet Mode of Action Spore Attachment and Germination : Paecilomyces lilacinus initiates control by attaching spores to nematode eggs, juveniles, and adult females. Upon contact, spores germinate and develop fungal hyphae that grow toward target nematodes. novobac+2 Appressorium Formation : The fungus forms specialized attachment structures called appressoria at hyphal tips, acting as anchors to firmly attach to the nematode's body surface. This ensures secure connection for subsequent invasion processes. amruthfarming+1 Enzymatic Degradation : Once attached, the fungus secretes powerful enzymes including chitinase, protease, and β-1,3 glucanase that break down proteins in the nematode's cuticle and cell wall. These enzymes create openings for fungal penetration and weaken the nematode's structural integrity. indogulfbioag+3 Penetration and Colonization : Fungal hyphae penetrate the nematode's body cavity through enzyme-created openings. The fungus then absorbs nutrients from the nematode, gradually weakening and eventually killing the target organism. novobac+2 Reproduction and Spread : Following successful colonization, Paecilomyces lilacinus reproduces within the deceased nematode, producing new spores that disperse throughout the soil to infect additional nematodes. This creates a self-sustaining biocontrol cycle in the rhizosphere environment. katyayanikrishidirect Toxin Production : The fungus may also secrete nematicidal toxins with neurotropic effects, causing paralysis in susceptible nematode species. These toxins provide an additional control mechanism beyond direct parasitism. horizon.ird+1 Additional Info Shelf Life: Stable within 1 year from the date of manufacturing. Packing: We offer tailor-made packaging as per customers' requirements. Dosage & Application Wettable Powder: 1 x 10⁸ CFU per gram Soil Application (Soil drench or Drip irrigation) 1 Acre dose: 10-50 Kg 1 Ha dose: 25-125 Kg Seasonal Crops First application: At land preparation stage/sowing/planting Second application: Three weeks after first application Long Duration Crops/Orchards/Perennials 1 Acre dose: 10-50 Kg 1 Ha dose: 25-125 Kg Apply 2 times per year: Before onset of monsoon and after monsoon Seed Treatment 1 Kg seed: 10g Paecilomyces lilacinus + 10g crude sugar Soluble Powder: 1 x 10⁹ CFU per gram Soil Application (Soil drench or Drip irrigation): 1 Acre dose: 1-5 Kg 1 Ha dose: 2.5-12.5 Kg Application Methods Soil Application Method: Mix Paecilomyces lilacinus at recommended doses with compost and apply during early crop stages. For seasonal crops, apply twice - first at land preparation/sowing/planting, second application three weeks later. Drip Irrigation: Filter solution to remove insoluble particles before adding to drip tank. Apply dissolved product through irrigation system during early morning or evening hours. Seed Treatment Method: Mix Paecilomyces lilacinus with crude sugar in sufficient water to make slurry. Coat seeds thoroughly and dry in shade before sowing. Do not store treated seeds for more than 24 hours. Target Crops: Vegetables, fruits, spices, flowers, medicinal crops, orchards, ornamentals, tomatoes, potatoes, peppers, cucumbers, melons, bananas, citrus, and all field crops susceptible to nematode damage. FAQ What nematodes does Paecilomyces lilacinus control? Paecilomyces lilacinus is effective against root-knot nematodes (Meloidogyne spp.), cyst nematodes (Heterodera and Globodera spp.), reniform nematodes, citrus nematodes, lesion nematodes, and burrowing nematodes. It shows particularly high efficacy against Meloidogyne incognita with parasitism rates up to 70%. epa+2 How long does it take to see results? Initial effects may be observed within 2-4 weeks, but optimal results typically appear 6-8 weeks after application. The fungus requires time to establish in soil and build up sufficient populations to effectively control nematodes. abimicrobes+2 Is Paecilomyces lilacinus safe for beneficial organisms? Yes, this biological agent is highly selective and safe for non-target organisms including beneficial soil microbes, earthworms, and insects. It does not harm humans, animals, or the environment when used according to label directions. wesframarket+1 Can it be mixed with other treatments? Paecilomyces lilacinus is compatible with other bionematicides, biofertilizers, and plant growth hormones. However, it should not be mixed with chemical fertilizers or chemical pesticides as these may reduce its effectiveness. indogulfbioag+1 What is the optimal soil temperature for application? The fungus performs best at soil temperatures between 21-27°C (70-81°F). It does not survive at temperatures above human body temperature (37°C), making it safe for handling. epa How should the product be stored? Store in a cool, dry place away from direct sunlight. The product maintains viability for up to 12 months under proper storage conditions. Refrigerated storage can extend shelf life to 18 months. abimicrobes Related Products Pochonia chlamydosporia Serratia marcescens Verticillium chlamydosporium More Products Resources Read all

Rhizophagus intraradices (previously Glomus intraradices) is an arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus used in agriculture, that improves root structure enhances plant nutrient uptake, especially phosphorus, improving plant growth, stress resilience, and soil health in sustainable agriculture. < Microbial Species Rhizophagus Intraradices Rhizophagus intraradices (previously Glomus intraradices) is an arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus used in agriculture, that improves root structure enhances plant nutrient uptake, especially phosphorus, improving plant… Show More Strength 245 Active Spores per gram Product Enquiry Download Brochure Benefits Improved Soil Health Hyphal networks bind soil particles, promoting soil structure, aeration, and moisture retention, creating healthier, more resilient environments for plant roots. Reduced Fertilizer Dependence Improved nutrient efficiency allows plants to thrive with less fertilizer, supporting sustainable farming practices and decreasing potential soil and water pollution. Increased Drought Resistance Extending root surface area boosts water absorption, helping plants endure drought conditions, enhancing resilience, and reducing water stress. Enhanced Nutrient Uptake Improves nutrient access, especially phosphorus, by forming hyphal networks that extend beyond plant roots, increasing nutrient availability and uptake. Dosage & Application Additional Info Scientific References Mode of Action FAQ Scientific References Improves growth and phosphorus uptake in contaminated soil Inoculation with R. intraradices significantly enhanced soybean growth, phosphorus uptake, and grain yield even in heavy metal-contaminated soils ( Adeyemi et al., 2021 ). Broad agricultural benefits and soil health contributions A comprehensive review highlighted the species' roles in nutrient cycling, improved water retention, glomalin production, and overall support for sustainable agriculture ( Onyeaka et al., 2024 ). Enhanced nutrient uptake and microbial community structure Field experiments with maize showed that R. intraradices increased phosphorus and nitrogen uptake, biomass, and improved soil microbial biomass when combined with earthworms ( Li et al., 2013 ). Remediation and soil improvement in polluted environments Combining R. intraradices with Solanum nigrum improved cadmium retention in roots, boosted soil enzyme activity, and enhanced microbial diversity under heavy metal stress ( Wang et al., 2025 ). Improved drought tolerance and antioxidant activity Inoculated finger millet seedlings showed improved phosphorus uptake, chlorophyll content, and stress tolerance indicators such as higher antioxidant levels and reduced oxidative damage (Tyagi et al., 2021) . Mode of Action 1. Host Recognition and Root Colonization Rhizophagus intraradices , a species of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus (AMF) in the phylum Glomeromycota , initiates symbiosis through a sophisticated chemical signaling exchange with host plants. Root exudates, particularly strigolactones , trigger spore germination and hyphal branching. In response, R. intraradices produces Myc-LCOs (Mycorrhizal lipochitooligosaccharides) , which activate host plant receptors and initiate symbiotic signaling pathways via the common symbiosis signaling pathway (CSSP) . Once recognition is achieved, the fungus penetrates the root epidermis and cortex via appressoria , establishing intraradical colonization . Within cortical cells, it forms arbuscules , finely branched hyphal structures that serve as the interface for bi-directional nutrient exchange. In some host species, vesicles are also formed, acting as lipid-rich storage and reproductive structures. Source : Kumar, Sanjeev. (2018). In vitro cultivation of AMF using Root Organ Culture: factory of biofertilizers and secondary metabolites production. 2. Nutrient Foraging and Transfer The most direct agronomic benefit of R. intraradices lies in its capacity to enhance nutrient acquisition: The fungus develops an extensive extraradical hyphal network that significantly increases the absorptive surface area of the root system, accessing nutrients beyond the rhizosphere depletion zone . Key nutrients mobilized include phosphorus (Pi) , zinc (Zn) , copper (Cu) , and other micronutrients, often bound in forms that are otherwise unavailable to plants. High-affinity phosphate transporters (e.g., GintPT ) in fungal hyphae facilitate Pi uptake, which is then translocated via the fungal cytoskeleton to the arbuscules. Inside the arbuscule interface, nutrient exchange occurs via a periarbuscular membrane , where plant Pi and metal transporters (e.g., PT4 ) retrieve the nutrients. In return, the plant supplies the fungus with photosynthetically derived carbon , mainly in the form of hexoses , transported through plant sugar transporters , supporting fungal metabolism and reproduction. Khan, Yaseen, Sulaiman Shah, and Tian Hui. 2022. " The Roles of Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi in Influencing Plant Nutrients, Photosynthesis, and Metabolites of Cereal Crops—A Review" Agronomy 12, no. 9: 2191. 3. Abiotic Stress Alleviation R. intraradices significantly modulates plant physiological responses under abiotic stress conditions: Enhances water acquisition through extended hyphal reach and improved root hydraulic conductivity. Increases osmoprotectant synthesis , including proline , glycine betaine , and soluble sugars , aiding in osmotic adjustment under drought and salinity stress. Activates antioxidant enzyme systems , including superoxide dismutase (SOD) , catalase (CAT) , and ascorbate peroxidase (APX) , reducing oxidative damage from ROS generated during stress. Influences the synthesis and signaling of phytohormones such as abscisic acid (ABA) , jasmonic acid (JA) , salicylic acid (SA) , and auxins , which regulate stress adaptation, stomatal closure, and root architecture. 4. Soil Aggregation and Health The extraradical hyphae of R. intraradices play a critical role in soil structure and fertility : Secrete glomalin-related soil proteins (GRSPs) that stabilize soil aggregates by binding mineral particles and organic matter. Improve soil porosity , water infiltration , and bulk density , contributing to enhanced root penetration and aeration. Support carbon sequestration by promoting stable soil organic carbon pools. Increase microbial biomass and enzymatic activity, such as phosphatases , ureases , and dehydrogenases , which further enhance nutrient cycling and microbial community function. 5. Biotic Stress Resistance and Pathogen Suppression R. intraradices contributes to plant immunity and disease resistance through several pathways: Competes with soil pathogens for space and resources in the rhizosphere and root cortex. Activates induced systemic resistance (ISR) via jasmonate and ethylene signaling pathways, enhancing the plant’s defense readiness. Alters rhizosphere microbiome composition , often increasing populations of beneficial microorganisms (e.g., Pseudomonas , Trichoderma ) that further antagonize pathogens. Reduces the translocation of heavy metals and xenobiotics to aerial parts, providing a protective buffer in contaminated soils. 6. Ecological and Agronomic Integration In sustainable agriculture, R. intraradices is increasingly applied as a bioinoculant , either alone or in combination with other beneficial microbes. Its efficacy depends on: Soil conditions (pH, organic matter, nutrient availability) Host plant genotype and mycorrhizal compatibility Co-inoculation strategies (e.g., with nitrogen-fixing bacteria like Azospirillum brasilense ) Reduction in synthetic fertilizer inputs, which can suppress AMF colonization when in excess Additional Info Product Specifications Strength: customisable Formulation: customisable Purity: High-quality inoculum with verified spore viability Storage and Handling Store in a cool, dry place away from direct sunlight and extreme temperatures. Optimal storage temperature is 4-25°C (39-77°F). Keep container tightly sealed when not in use. Shelf life is 12 months when stored properly. Avoid exposure to fungicides or excessive heat which may reduce spore viability. Best Practices Apply to moist soil for optimal spore germination Ensure direct contact between inoculant and plant roots Avoid over-fertilization, especially with phosphorus, which can suppress mycorrhizal colonization Combine with organic matter amendments to enhance fungal establishment Use within the same growing season after opening for maximum effectiveness Environmental Conditions R. intraradices thrives in well-aerated, slightly acidic to neutral soils (pH 5.5-7.0). The fungus is naturally adapted to diverse soil types and climatic conditions, making it suitable for global agricultural applications. Performance is optimized in soils with moderate organic matter content and adequate moisture. Safety Non-toxic and safe for humans, animals, and the environment. Certified for use in organic agriculture by various international certification bodies. Contains only naturally occurring beneficial fungi with no genetically modified organisms. Dosage & Application Application Rates for Different Agricultural Systems For Field Crops (Hectare-based application): Standard field application: 60 g per hectare High-intensity farming: Up to 100 g per hectare for optimal colonization Maize and cereal crops: 60–100 g/ha mixed with seed or applied at sowing Legume crops (soybean, chickpea, lentil): 60 g/ha, compatible with rhizobial inoculants Horticultural crops (vegetables, fruits): 30–50 g per hectare For Specialized Applications: Hydroponic systems: 1 g per plant or 580 propagules per liter applied via subirrigation Greenhouse nurseries and potting: 3 g per square meter of growing area Tissue culture and micropropagated plants: 0.5–1.0 g per seedling during hardening stage Cuttings and propagation material: 0.5 g per cutting at rooting medium Turf and ornamental applications: 50–100 g per 1000 m² Optimal Spore Density and Colonization Rates Research indicates that optimal inoculation requires a minimum threshold for effective colonization: Minimum effective spore density: 2–3 spores per seed or seedling for adequate colonization establishment Optimal spore density: 5–6 spores per seed results in superior root colonization rates (75–84%) and maximal plant vigor Application strength: The product contains 245 active spores per gram, ensuring consistent and reliable inoculum quality Colonization timeline: Initial root colonization typically occurs within 2–4 weeks; visible plant benefits manifest within 6–8 weeks; maximum benefits develop throughout the entire growing season Application Methods and Techniques Seed Treatment (Most Common) Mix R. intraradices inoculum with seeds immediately before sowing at a ratio of 60 g per hectare. Ensure uniform distribution for consistent field colonization. In-Furrow Application Apply 60 g per hectare directly into the planting furrow at sowing depth (5–8 cm). This method ensures close proximity of spores to germinating roots. Root Dip Method (Nurseries and Transplants) Suspend seedling roots in a slurry containing 3 g per square meter of growing area for 2–5 minutes before transplanting. This high-contact method accelerates colonization establishment. Subirrigation and Hydroponic Systems Dilute liquid inoculum (580 propagules/liter) in irrigation water and apply weekly through drip or subirrigation systems. Filter product to prevent emitter clogging. Soil Incorporation Mix inoculum into soil at 60 g per hectare 1–2 weeks before planting for field crops, allowing time for spore positioning. Foliar and Root Zone Drenching Apply via soil drenching at transplanting stage (10 mL per plant) for containerized crops and horticultural applications. Critical Application Considerations Phosphorus Management High soil phosphorus levels (>50 ppm) suppress AMF colonization and reduce symbiotic effectiveness. When using R. intraradices, reduce phosphorus fertilizer applications and rely on the fungus to mobilize existing soil phosphorus reserves. Combination treatments of R. intraradices + 50% recommended phosphorus consistently outperform full-dose phosphorus alone. Fungicide and Chemical Interactions Avoid fungicide applications for at least 2–4 weeks post-inoculation to prevent suppression of colonization. Systemic fungicides are particularly damaging to AMF establishment. Coordinate all pesticide applications with agronomist recommendations considering AMF symbiosis. Soil Preparation and Timing Inoculate into well-prepared, slightly acidic to neutral soils (pH 6.0–7.5). Avoid waterlogged conditions immediately post-inoculation. Ideal soil moisture should be 60–70% of field capacity. Compatibility with Other Microorganisms R. intraradices generally works synergistically with beneficial bacteria (Bacillus spp., Azospirillum spp.) and other AMF species. Co-inoculation often produces superior results to single-organism application. Storage and Handling Store product in cool, dry conditions (4–15°C) in sealed containers away from light. Do not expose to temperatures above 25°C or to direct sunlight. Use within 12–24 months of manufacture for optimal viability; maintain storage conditions to preserve spore viability and germination potential. FAQ What is the new name for Glomus intraradices? The fungus formerly known as Glomus intraradices has been officially reclassified as Rhizophagus intraradices based on comprehensive molecular phylogenetic analysis. This taxonomic change, implemented following the 2010 reclassification by Schüßler and Walker, reflects advances in DNA sequencing technology and ribosomal RNA gene analysis that revealed the original genus assignment was incorrect. The genus Rhizophagus is more accurately aligned with the evolutionary lineage and morphological characteristics of this species. The reclassification was formally anchored through the International Culture Collection of Vesicular Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi (INVAM) culture FL208, which represents the type strain and nomenclatural authority for the species. Important Note: It is critical to distinguish between two distinct species within the Rhizophagus genus: Rhizophagus intraradices (formerly Glomus intraradices, strain FL208 and related isolates) Rhizophagus irregularis (formerly known as Glomus irregulare and historically confused with R. intraradices, particularly the DAOM197198 reference strain) While historically conflated, phylogenetic and molecular analyses now clearly demonstrate these are separate species with different colonization characteristics and agricultural performance profiles. What is the use of Glomus intraradices (Rhizophagus intraradices)? R. intraradices serves as a plant growth-promoting arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus with diverse agricultural, horticultural, and environmental applications: Sustainable intensification of cereal crops (maize, wheat, rice, sorghum) with reduced fertilizer dependency Improved legume performance (soybean, chickpea, lentil) complementing nitrogen-fixing rhizobia Enhanced tuber and root crop yields (potato, cassava, carrots) with superior nutrient uptake and stress tolerance Horticultural Applications Nursery production of high-quality transplants with accelerated growth and disease resistance Fruit crop establishment (citrus, mango, avocado, berry crops) with improved root development Ornamental plant production with superior vigor and stress resilience Vegetable production (tomato, pepper, cucumber) supporting both conventional and organic systems Environmental Remediation Phytoremediation of heavy metal-contaminated soils through enhanced metal uptake capacity and soil enzyme activity Restoration of degraded mining sites and contaminated agricultural lands Coal mining site revegetation and ecosystem recovery Support for pioneer plant species establishment in marginal and disturbed environments Sustainable Agriculture Intensification Reduction of synthetic fertilizer inputs by 25–50% while maintaining or improving yields Support for organic farming systems seeking certified biological inputs Climate-smart agriculture through enhanced carbon sequestration and drought resilience Integrated pest management via natural disease suppression mechanisms Specialized Applications Micropropagated plant hardening and acclimatization protocols Hydroponic and soilless cultivation systems for high-value crops Biofortification programs improving micronutrient density in staple food crops Effects of Rhizophagus intraradices on Crops Research has documented comprehensive beneficial effects across diverse crop species: Nutrient Uptake and Growth Promotion Phosphorus uptake: 50–130% increase in plant-available phosphorus, enabling 25–50% reduction in phosphate fertilizer Nitrogen acquisition: Enhanced nitrogen uptake through both direct root absorption and fungal-mediated pathways Micronutrient availability: Improved zinc, copper, iron, and manganese bioavailability particularly important in calcareous and alkaline soils Biomass accumulation: Increased shoot and root dry matter by 15–40% depending on soil fertility and environmental conditions Root System Development Enhanced lateral root initiation and root hair density Increased root diameter and improved soil penetration capability Expanded root surface area (up to 100-fold expansion through hyphal networks) Modified root architecture supporting improved nutrient and water acquisition Yield and Productivity Grain yield: 10–35% yield increases in cereals (maize, wheat, rice) particularly under limiting nutrient or water availability Legume productivity: 20–30% increases in soybean, chickpea yields with complementary rhizobial inoculation Tuber production: 14.5% yield increases in cassava in phosphorus-deficient soils Horticultural crops: 25–35% increases in fruit number and mass in pepper, tomato, strawberry Stress Tolerance Enhancement Drought resilience: Maintained photosynthetic efficiency and leaf water potential under moderate to severe drought; 20–25% greater biomass than non-inoculated plants under water stress Salt tolerance: Enhanced ion selectivity and osmolyte accumulation mitigating salinity stress effects Heavy metal mitigation: Enhanced phytoextraction and phytostabilization of cadmium, lead, and arsenic; reduced toxic ion accumulation in shoots Cold and temperature stress: Improved cellular cryoprotectant accumulation and membrane integrity maintenance Disease and Pest Suppression Root-knot nematode biocontrol: Reduced Meloidogyne graminicola populations and symptoms in rice through enhanced plant defense activation Soil-borne pathogen suppression: Reduced incidence of Fusarium, Rhizoctonia, and other fungal root pathogens through competitive exclusion and defense enhancement Pest susceptibility reduction: Western corn rootworm larvae show reduced fitness on R. intraradices-colonized maize, facilitating biological pest control Soil Quality and Long-term Sustainability Soil aggregation: Enhanced water-stable aggregate formation improving soil structure and workability Organic matter stabilization: Glomalin accumulation supports 10–20-year soil organic matter persistence Microbial community enhancement: Increased beneficial soil microbial diversity and activity Carbon sequestration: Contribution to global carbon cycle with approximately 13 Gt CO₂e annually sequestered Crop-Specific Effects Rice: 35–50% increase in grain yield with improved phosphorus and nitrogen uptake; enhanced disease resistance to bacterial leaf blight (Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae) Maize: 20–35% yield increase with enhanced water use efficiency; reduced Western corn rootworm damage through modified rhizosphere chemistry Soybean: 15–30% yield improvement with complementary rhizobial associations; enhanced phosphorus uptake in continuous cropping systems Wheat: Significant phosphorus uptake enhancement and improved grain quality parameters Citrus/Lemon: Enhanced lateral root formation and phosphate transporter gene expression; improved water uptake capacity Tomato: 25–35% increase in fruit yield and quality; improved water stress tolerance during critical fruit development stages Saffron: 25% increase in total chlorophyll content; enhanced daughter corm production and stigma development Finger Millet: 29% increase in phosphorus and chlorophyll under drought stress; 7% growth improvement under severe water limitation Related Products Glomus mosseae Serendipita indica More Products Resources Read all

< Crop Kits Blast Blast (Pyricularia spp.) causes lesions on leaves and panicles. Prevention includes resistant varieties and fungicide application. Product Enquiry Download Brochure Benefits Composition Dosage & Application Additional Info Dosage & Application Additional Info Related Products Aminomax SP Annomax BioProtek Biocupe Neem Plus Seed Protek Silicomax Dates Pro More Products Resources Read all

Bacillus firmus enhances phosphorus availability in soil, stimulates root growth, improves fruit quality, and protects against soil-borne diseases. Compatible with bio-pesticides and bio-fertilizers. < Microbial Species Bacillus firmus Bacillus firmus enhances phosphorus availability in soil, stimulates root growth, improves fruit quality, and protects against soil-borne diseases. Compatible with bio-pesticides and bio-fertilizers. Strength 1 x 10⁸ CFU per gram / 1 x 10⁹ CFU per gram Product Enquiry Download Brochure Benefits Enhance Fruit Development and Quality Improves the size, taste, and overall quality of fruits. Increase Sugar Content in Fruits Elevates the sugar levels in fruits, leading to sweeter and more nutritious produce. Protection Against Drought and Diseases Provides resilience against drought conditions and some soil-borne diseases, ensuring healthier plant development. Promote Root Growth Stimulates the development of a robust root system, enhancing nutrient uptake and plant stability. Dosage & Application Additional Info Scientific References Mode of Action FAQ Scientific References 1. Nematode Biocontrol and Root Interaction Bacillus firmus I-1582 effectively degrades nematode eggs, colonizes plant roots, and induces systemic resistance in tomato via salicylic acid (SA) and jasmonic acid (JA) signaling pathways. Ghahremani et al., 2020 – Frontiers in Plant Science Culture filtrates of B. firmus induce paralysis and mortality in nematodes, inhibit egg hatching, and demonstrate antagonistic activity through secondary metabolites. Mendoza et al., 2008 – Biocontrol Science and Technology A split-root study demonstrated both localized and systemic effects of B. firmus GB-126 in suppressing soybean cyst and root-knot nematodes. Schrimsher et al., 2012 – Experimental Study 2. Plant Growth Promotion and Genomic Insights Whole-genome sequencing of strain TNAU1 revealed genes associated with indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) biosynthesis, nutrient solubilization (phosphorus and potassium), nitrate transport, nematicidal proteases, and antibiotic biosynthetic clusters. Settu et al., 2023 – Physiological and Molecular Plant Pathology 3. Enzyme Production and Biotechnological Applications An extracellular nuclease from B. firmus VKPACU-1 displays high specificity for RNA and DNA substrates, indicating potential for biocatalytic and bioremediation applications. Kumar & Kannan, 2011 – Nucleosides, Nucleotides & Nucleic Acids Two xylanases purified from B. firmus exhibit activity over a wide pH range and efficiently degrade xylan to xylo-oligosaccharides, supporting their use in biomass conversion. Tseng et al., 2002 – Enzyme and Microbial Technology 4. Immunomodulatory Properties B. firmus functions as a potent polyclonal B cell activator, enhancing the production of immunoglobulins (notably IgA and IgG) in vitro, with implications for probiotic and adjuvant applications. Prokešová et al., 2008 – Folia Microbiologica Mucosal administration of B. firmus significantly enhanced systemic and mucosal antibody responses to a model antigen in animal models, indicating its potential as a mucosal immunoadjuvant. Mlčková et al., 2001 – Immunology Letters Mode of Action 1. Nematode Control B. firmus produces bioactive secondary metabolites that paralyze and kill nematodes such as Meloidogyne incognita and Radopholus similis . Culture filtrates alone can reduce egg hatching and cause up to 96% mortality in nematode juveniles (Mendoza et al., 2008) , (Settu et al., 2023) . It also degrades nematode eggs directly and colonizes plant roots, creating a physical and chemical barrier against nematode infection (Ghahremani et al., 2020) . 2 . Induction of Plant Resistance In plants like tomato, B. firmus activates systemic resistance by upregulating salicylic acid (SA) and jasmonic acid (JA) pathway genes, helping the plant fight off nematodes and potentially other pathogens (Ghahremani et al., 2020) . These effects can be systemic or localized, depending on the crop and context (Schrimsher et al., 2012) . 3. Plant Growth Promotion Genome analysis reveals genes responsible for: IAA (Indole-3-acetic acid) production (a plant hormone) Phosphorus and potassium solubilization Nitrate transport These contribute to enhanced nutrient uptake and overall plant growth (Settu et al., 2023) . 4. Enzymatic Activity B. firmus secretes nucleases and xylanases, which break down DNA, RNA, and complex polysaccharides—helping degrade organic matter and releasing nutrients in the soil (Kumar & Kannan, 2011) , (Tseng et al., 2002) . 5. Immunomodulatory Effects In animal models, B. firmus stimulates both systemic and mucosal immune responses by increasing the production of immunoglobulins (IgA, IgG) and cytokines (e.g., IFN-γ), making it a candidate as an oral adjuvant or probiotic (Prokešová et al., 2008), (Mlčková et al., 2001). Additional Info Recommended Crops: Cereals, Millets, Pulses, Oilseeds, Fibre Crops, Sugar Crops, Forage Crops, Plantation crops, Vegetables, Fruits, Spices, Flowers, Medicinal crops, Aromatic Crops, Orchards, and Ornamentals. Compatibility: Compatible with Bio Pesticides, Bio Fertilizers, and Plant growth hormones but not with chemical fertilizers and chemical pesticides. Shelf Life: Stable within 1 year from the date of manufacturing. Packing: We offer tailor-made packaging as per customers' requirements. Dosage & Application Seed Coating/Seed Treatment : 1 kg of seeds will be coated with a slurry mixture of 10 g of Bacillus firmus and 10 g of crude sugar in sufficient water. The coated seeds will then be dried in shade and sow or broadcast in the field. Seedling Treatment : Dip the seedlings into the mixture of 100 grams of Bacillus firmus and sufficient amount of water. Soil Treatment : Mix 3-5 kg per acre of Bacillus firmus with organic manure/organic fertilizers. Incorporate the mixture and spread into the field at the time of planting/sowing. Irrigation : Mix 3 kg per acre of Bacillus firmus in a sufficient amount of water and run into the drip lines. FAQ What is Bacillus firmus? Bacillus firmus is a beneficial, spore-forming bacterium widely used in agriculture for biological nematode control and plant growth promotion. It also has potential uses in immunology and biotechnology. How does B. firmus control nematodes? It produces bioactive compounds that paralyze and kill nematodes such as Meloidogyne incognita and Radopholus similis. These compounds also reduce egg hatching and juvenile survival (Mendoza et al., 2008) . Can B. firmus boost plant immunity? Yes. It induces systemic resistance in plants like tomato by activating salicylic acid (SA) and jasmonic acid (JA) signaling pathways, helping plants defend against pests and diseases (Ghahremani et al., 2020) . How does it promote plant growth? B. firmus produces plant growth-promoting substances like indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) and helps solubilize nutrients like phosphorus and potassium, improving nutrient uptake and plant development (Settu et al., 2023) . What enzymes does B. firmus produce? It secretes nucleases that degrade DNA and RNA, and xylanases that break down plant cell walls. These enzymes assist in nutrient recycling and potential industrial applications (Kumar & Kannan, 2011) , (Tseng et al., 2002) . Does B. firmus have medical or probiotic uses? Yes. It stimulates the immune system, especially IgA and IgG production, and has shown adjuvant potential in mucosal immunization studies (Prokešová et al., 2008). 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Ampelomyces quisqualis is a mycoparasitic fungus widely known for its ability to parasitize powdery mildew fungi, making it an important biological control agent in agriculture. It infects and disrupts the reproductive structures of powdery mildew pathogens, reducing their spread and impact on crops. This fungus thrives on a variety of host plants, providing eco-friendly and sustainable solutions for managing powdery mildew in fruits, vegetables, and ornamental plants. Its natural mode of action minimizes the need for chemical fungicides, supporting integrated pest management strategies and promoting environmental health. < Microbial Species Ampelomyces quisqualis Ampelomyces quisqualis is a mycoparasitic fungus widely known for its ability to parasitize powdery mildew fungi, making it an important biological control agent in agriculture.… Show More Strength 1 x 10⁸ CFU per gram / 1 x 10⁹ CFU per gram Product Enquiry Download Brochure Benefits Enhancement of Plant Health Suppresses powdery mildew, allowing plants to allocate resources to growth and development rather than disease defense. Compatibility with Integrated Pest Management (IPM) Integrates well with IPM strategies, reducing reliance on chemical fungicides for sustainable agriculture. Biocontrol of Powdery Mildew Ampelomyces quisqualis effectively controls powdery mildew, parasitizing fungal hyphae and spores, reducing disease severity. Season-long Protection Provides persistent protection against powdery mildew throughout the growing season by establishing on plant surfaces. Dosage & Application Additional Info Scientific References Mode of Action FAQ Scientific References Content coming soon! Mode of Action Content coming soon! Additional Info Target pests: Powdery mildew, Botrytis cinerea, Alternaria solani, Colletotrichum, Coccodes, and Cladosporium cucumerinum Recommended Crops: Cucurbits, grapes, apples, peas, beans, tomatoes, pulses, cumin, chilies, coriander, mangoes, berries, strawberries, medicinal and aromatic crops, and roses. Compatibility: Compatible with Bio Pesticides, Bio Fertilizers, and Plant growth hormones but not with chemical fertilizers and chemical pesticides. Shelf Life: Stable within 1 year from the date of manufacturing. Packing: We offer tailor-made packaging as per customers' requirements. Dosage & Application Wettable Powder: 2 x 10⁶ CFU per gram Foliar Application : 1 Acre dose: 3-5 kg, 1 Ha dose: 7.5 - 12.5 kg Foliar application for Long duration crops / Orchards / Perennials: 1 Acre dose: 3-5 kg, 1 Ha dose: 7.5 - 12.5 kg, Apply 2 times in 1 year. Before onset of monsoon and after monsoon. Soluble Powder: 1 x 10⁸ CFU per gram Foliar Application: 1 Acre dose: 1 kg, 1 Ha dose: 2.5 kg Foliar Application for Long duration crops / Orchards / Perennials: 1 Acre dose: 1 kg, 1 Ha dose: 2.5 kg, Apply 2 times in 1 year. Before onset of monsoon and after monsoon. Foliar Application Method Mix Ampelomyces Quisqualis at recommended doses in sufficient water and spray on foliage. Apply twice a year for long duration crops. It is recommended to apply the first dose before the onset of the main monsoon/rainfall/spring season and the second application after the main monsoon/rainfall/autumn/fall season. Note: Do not store Ampelomyces Quisqualis solution for more than 24 hours after mixing in water. FAQ Content coming soon! Related Products Bacillus subtilis Bacillus tequilensis Chaetomium cupreum Fusarium proliferatum Lactobacillus plantarum Pediococcus pentosaceus Pseudomonas spp. Trichoderma harzianum More Products Resources Read all

Citrobacter braakii is a facultative anaerobic bacterium known for its metabolic versatility and potential in environmental and industrial applications. It is effective in bioremediation processes, particularly in removing heavy metals like chromium and cadmium through biosorption and bioaccumulation. This bacterium also contributes to nutrient cycling in soils by breaking down organic matter and releasing bioavailable forms of nutrients. Its ability to tolerate diverse environmental conditions makes it a candidate for wastewater treatment and soil remediation, supporting sustainable environmental management practices. < Microbial Species Citrobacter braakii Citrobacter braakii is a facultative anaerobic bacterium known for its metabolic versatility and potential in environmental and industrial applications. It is effective in bioremediation processes,… Show More Strength 1 x 10⁹ CFU per gram / 1 x 10¹⁰ CFU per gram Product Enquiry Download Brochure Benefits Heavy Metal Reduction Capable of accumulating and reducing toxic heavy metals like chromium, aiding in pollution control. Water Purification Contributes to the removal of pollutants from wastewater, improving water quality in treatment systems. Bioremediation of Industrial Waste Breaks down industrial contaminants, supporting environmental cleanup efforts. Nitrogen Fixation Helps in nitrogen cycling by fixing atmospheric nitrogen, improving soil health and promoting plant growth. Dosage & Application Additional Info Scientific References Mode of Action FAQ Scientific References Content coming soon! Mode of Action Content coming soon! Additional Info Contact us for more details Dosage & Application Contact us for more details FAQ Content coming soon! Related Products Saccharomyces cerevisiae Bacillus polymyxa Thiobacillus novellus Thiobacillus thiooxidans Alcaligenes denitrificans Bacillus licheniformis Bacillus macerans Citrobacter freundii More Products Resources Read all

Hirsutella Thompsonii is a beneficial fungus used to control various small arachnids such as mites. It produces spores that penetrate the mite's cuticle, leading to paralysis and death. < Microbial Species Hirsutella thompsonii Hirsutella Thompsonii is a beneficial fungus used to control various small arachnids such as mites. It produces spores that penetrate the mite's cuticle, leading to… Show More Strength 1 x 10⁸ CFU per gram / 1 x 10⁹ CFU per gram Product Enquiry Download Brochure Benefits Effective mode of action Infects mites through their body contact, leading to paralysis and death. Rapid population reduction Quickly reduces and eliminates mite populations without developing resistance. Environmentally friendly Hirsutella thompsonii is safe for the environment and non-target organisms. High specificity Targets a range of mites and small arachnids while being safe for other organisms. Dosage & Application Additional Info Scientific References Mode of Action FAQ Scientific References Content coming soon! Mode of Action Content coming soon! Additional Info Target pests: Red spider mites, Yellow mites, Eriophid mites, Broadmites. Recommended Crops: Cereals, Millets, Pulses, Oilseeds, Fibre Crops, Sugar Crops, Forage Crops, Plantation crops, Vegetables, Fruits, Spices, Flowers, Medicinal crops, Aromatic Crops, Orchards, and Ornamentals. Compatibility: Compatible with Bio Pesticides, Bio Fertilizers, and Plant growth hormones but not with chemical fertilizers and chemical pesticides. Shelf Life: Stable within 1 year from the date of manufacturing. Packing: We offer tailor-made packaging as per customers' requirements. Dosage & Application Wettable Powder: 1 x 10⁸ CFU per gram Foliar Application 1 Acre dose: 2 kg 1 Ha dose: 5 kg Foliar Application for Long Duration Crops / Orchards / Perennials 1 Acre dose: 2 kg 1 Ha dose: 5 kg Apply 2 times a year: before onset of monsoon and after monsoon Soluble Powder: 1 x 10⁹ CFU per gram Foliar Application 1 Acre dose: 200 g 1 Ha dose: 500 g Foliar Application for Long Duration Crops / Orchards / Perennials 1 Acre dose: 200 g 1 Ha dose: 500 g Apply 2 times a year: before onset of monsoon and after monsoon Application Methods Foliar Application Method Mix Hirsutella Thompsonii at recommended doses in sufficient water and spray on foliage. Apply twice a year for long-duration crops. It is recommended to have the first application before the onset of the main monsoon/rainfall/spring season and the second application after the main monsoon/rainfall/autumn/fall season. Note Do not store Hirsutella Thompsonii solution for more than 24 hours after mixing in water. Temperature and relative humidity are very critical. Very high or very low temperature and very high or low humidity is not suitable for fungal growth. A fraction of the product may not be soluble in water. It is advisable to filter and discard undissolved residue and use the filtered liquid for spraying or feeding through drip irrigation. FAQ Content coming soon! Related Products Beauveria bassiana Isaria fumosorosea Lecanicillium lecanii Metarhizium anisopliae Nomuraea rileyi More Products Resources Read all

< Crop Kits Root Knot Nematodes Root knot nematodes cause galls on roots, affecting nutrient uptake and stunting growth. Soil management and resistant varieties are vital. Product Enquiry Download Brochure Benefits Composition Dosage & Application Additional Info Dosage & Application Additional Info Related Products Aminomax SP Annomax BioProtek Biocupe Neem Plus Seed Protek Silicomax Dates Pro More Products Resources Read all

GrowX crop kits by Indogulf BioAg offer complete solutions for healthy plant growth. 100% organic, certified, and ideal for maximizing yields. Order now! < Crop Kits GrowX Derived from the fermentation of sugarcane molasses and organic matter, containing naturally derived nutrients and a consortium of beneficial bacteria. Product Enquiry Download Brochure Increases Stress Relief Enhances plant resilience against stress factors like extreme temperatures and disease, promoting stronger growth. Larger Yield Promotes increased production of flowers, fruits, or vegetables for greater harvest quantities. Maximizes Bud Formation Optimizes conditions for robust bud formation, enhancing overall plant vigor and yield. Improves Soil Quality Enriches soil with essential nutrients and organic matter, enhancing fertility and structure for healthier plants. Benefits Components The best organic cannabis nutrients know the perfect proportions for your growing success. GrowX is derived via fermentation of sugarcane molasses & organic plant matter. It contains naturally derived Nitrogen, Phosphorus, Potassium, Calcium, Magnesium, Sulphate, Iron, Manganese, Zinc, Copper, Silica, and a consortium of beneficial bacteria. Composition Dosage & Application Additional Info Dosage & Application Early Growth: Mix 5ml (1 tsp) of GROWX per 1L of water. Apply to the planting soil once every 2 weeks during the vegetative stage. Mature Growth: Mix 5ml (1 tsp) of GROWX per liter of water. Apply to the planting soil once every week during the vegetative stage. Additional Info Aftercare BudMax Kit compatible with all natural fertilizers, pesticides and fungicides. Once opened, store in a cool, dry place. Keep away from children and pets. Do not inhale or ingest. Related Products Aminomax SP Annomax BioProtek Biocupe Neem Plus Seed Protek Silicomax Dates Pro More Products Resources Read all

BoostX crop kits by Indogulf BioAg enhance plant growth with premium, organic solutions. Trusted by farmers for superior yields and health. < Crop Kits BoostX Influences the microbial environment, promoting beneficial microorganisms that enhance plant growth, quality, and soil fertility through fermentation. Product Enquiry Download Brochure Higher Resin Content Promotes the development of plants with increased resin production, enhancing aroma, potency, and market value. Influences Microbial Environment BoostX enhances soil by promoting beneficial microorganisms that support plant growth, quality, and soil fertility through fermentation. Larger Yield & Harvest Boosts plant productivity, resulting in larger yields during harvest. Maximizes Nutrient Uptake Enhances nutrient absorption by promoting regenerative microorganisms that convert organic materials into readily accessible nutrients for plants. Benefits Components Lactobacillus Casei Lactobacillus Delbrueckii Lactobacillus Bulgaricus Lactobacillus Fermentum Lactobacillus Plantarum Lactobacillus Diacetylactis RhodopseudomonasPalustris Saccharomyces Cerevisiae Lactobacillus Diacetylactis Streptococcus Thermophilus Lactobacillus Acidophilus Bifidobacterium Animalis Bifidobacterium Bifidum Bifidobacterium Longum RhizophagusIntraradices Composition Dosage & Application Additional Info Dosage & Application Mix 3g of BoostX with adequate water and pour into the planting soil. Best results when used along with GrowX feed. Apply every 2 weeks. Additional Info Aftercare BudMax Kit compatible with all natural fertilizers, pesticides and fungicides. Once opened, store in a cool, dry place. Keep away from children and pets. Do not inhale or ingest. Related Products Aminomax SP Annomax BioProtek Biocupe Neem Plus Seed Protek Silicomax Dates Pro More Products Resources Read all