< Crop Kits Blast Blast (Pyricularia spp.) causes lesions on leaves and panicles. Prevention includes resistant varieties and fungicide application. Product Enquiry Download Brochure Benefits Composition Dosage & Application Additional Info Dosage & Application Additional Info Related Products Aminomax SP Annomax BioProtek Biocupe Neem Plus Seed Protek Silicomax Dates Pro More Products Resources Read all

Nitrobacter alkalicus is a chemolithoautotrophic bacterium specializing in the oxidation of nitrite (NO₂⁻) to nitrate (NO₃⁻), a key step in the nitrogen cycle. This species is particularly adapted to thrive in alkaline environments, such as high-pH soils and wastewater systems, where it contributes to nitrogen transformation and nutrient availability for plants. Its activity supports soil fertility by enhancing nitrate levels, which are readily absorbed by crops. Additionally, N. alkalicus plays a significant role in wastewater treatment processes, helping to manage nitrogen levels and prevent harmful nitrite accumulation. Its resilience in high-pH conditions makes it essential for sustainable agricultural practices and environmental management. < Microbial Species Nitrobacter alcalicus Nitrobacter alkalicus is a chemolithoautotrophic bacterium specializing in the oxidation of nitrite (NO₂⁻) to nitrate (NO₃⁻), a key step in the nitrogen cycle. This species… Show More Strength 1 x 10⁹ CFU per gram / 1 x 10¹⁰ CFU per gram Product Enquiry Download Brochure Benefits Nitrate Production Converts nitrites into nitrates, playing a crucial role in the nitrogen cycle and soil fertility. Soil Health Improvement Enhances soil nutrient availability, promoting plant growth and agricultural productivity. Environmental Remediation Supports the detoxification of environments by participating in nitrogen transformation, improving ecosystem health. Wastewater Treatment Helps in the biological treatment of wastewater by facilitating nitrogen removal processes. Dosage & Application Additional Info Scientific References Mode of Action FAQ Scientific References Content coming soon! Mode of Action Content coming soon! Additional Info Contact us for more details Dosage & Application Contact us for more details FAQ Content coming soon! Related Products Saccharomyces cerevisiae Bacillus polymyxa Thiobacillus novellus Thiobacillus thiooxidans Alcaligenes denitrificans Bacillus licheniformis Bacillus macerans Citrobacter braakii More Products Resources Read all

Rhodospirillum centenum is a versatile phototrophic bacterium known for anoxygenic photosynthesis, nitrogen fixation, and its ability to adapt to diverse environments. It contributes to carbon and nitrogen cycling, supports soil fertility, and shows potential for bioremediation. Its unique behaviors, like swarming motility and cyst formation, make it a valuable model for studying microbial survival and environmental applications. < Microbial Species Rhodospirillum centenum Rhodospirillum centenum is a versatile phototrophic bacterium known for anoxygenic photosynthesis, nitrogen fixation, and its ability to adapt to diverse environments. It contributes to carbon… Show More Strength 1 x 10⁹ CFU per gram / 1 x 10¹⁰ CFU per gram Product Enquiry Download Brochure Benefits Hydrogen Production Capable of producing hydrogen gas, offering potential for renewable energy applications. Soil Health Enhancement Improves nutrient cycling in the soil, promoting plant growth and overall ecosystem health. Organic Compound Degradation Efficiently degrades organic pollutants, contributing to bioremediation efforts in contaminated environments. Photosynthetic Growth Utilizes light for energy, promoting sustainable biomass production and supporting eco-friendly practices. Dosage & Application Additional Info Scientific References Mode of Action FAQ Scientific References Content coming soon! Mode of Action Content coming soon! Additional Info Contact us for more details Dosage & Application Contact us for more details FAQ Content coming soon! Related Products Saccharomyces cerevisiae Bacillus polymyxa Thiobacillus novellus Thiobacillus thiooxidans Alcaligenes denitrificans Bacillus licheniformis Bacillus macerans Citrobacter braakii More Products Resources Read all

< Crop Kits Bacterial Blight Bacterial Blight (Xanthomonas oryzae) causes water-soaked lesions with yellow halos on leaves, requiring resistant varieties and bactericides. Product Enquiry Download Brochure Benefits Composition Dosage & Application Additional Info Dosage & Application Additional Info Related Products Aminomax SP Annomax BioProtek Biocupe Neem Plus Seed Protek Silicomax Dates Pro More Products Resources Read all

Nitrobacter winogradskyi is a chemolithoautotrophic bacterium central to the nitrogen cycle, converting nitrite (NO₂⁻) into nitrate (NO₃⁻). This transformation is critical for soil fertility, as nitrate is a primary nutrient for plant growth. Its activity supports sustainable agriculture by enhancing nitrogen availability in the soil. In environmental management, N. winogradskyi is essential in wastewater treatment processes, where it prevents toxic nitrite accumulation, ensuring efficient nitrogen removal. Its adaptability to various ecosystems, including soils and aquatic environments, underscores its role in maintaining ecological balance and promoting sustainable nitrogen management. This bacterium is also widely used in bioaugmentation and bioreactor systems to optimize nitrification. < Microbial Species Nitrobacter winogradski Nitrobacter winogradskyi is a chemolithoautotrophic bacterium central to the nitrogen cycle, converting nitrite (NO₂⁻) into nitrate (NO₃⁻). This transformation is critical for soil fertility, as… Show More Strength 1 x 10⁹ CFU per gram / 1 x 10¹⁰ CFU per gram Product Enquiry Download Brochure Benefits Soil Fertility Enhancement Contributes to the nutrient availability in soil, supporting agricultural productivity. Nitrogen Cycle Participation Plays a key role in the nitrogen cycle, helping to regulate nitrogen levels in ecosystems. Nitrate Production Converts nitrites into nitrates, vital for plant growth and soil fertility. Wastewater Treatment Efficiency Improves the biological treatment of wastewater by facilitating nitrogen removal processes. Dosage & Application Additional Info Scientific References Mode of Action FAQ Scientific References Content coming soon! Mode of Action Content coming soon! Additional Info Contact us for more details Dosage & Application Contact us for more details FAQ Content coming soon! Related Products Saccharomyces cerevisiae Bacillus polymyxa Thiobacillus novellus Thiobacillus thiooxidans Alcaligenes denitrificans Bacillus licheniformis Bacillus macerans Citrobacter braakii More Products Resources Read all

Leading Manufacturer & Exporter of Rice Protect Kit for Bacterial Blight. Protect your crops with effective solutions. Boost yield and quality globally. < Crop Kits Disease Management | Bacterial Blight Caused by Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae, Bacterial Blight results in water-soaked lesions with yellow halos on leaves. Management includes planting resistant varieties, using copper-based bactericides, maintaining field hygiene, and adopting cultural practices. Product Enquiry Download Brochure Management Biological Control Additional Info Management Use resistant varieties. Avoid excessive use of nitrogenous fertilizers as increased nitrogen can increase the incidence of disease due to luxuriant vegetative growth. Soak the seeds for 8-10 hours before planting in a solution of 1 gm Streptocycline together with 10 gms Thiram for every 10 liters of water. Biological Control Use our Consortium of Bacillus amyloliquefaciens, B. subtilis, and B. megaterium at 1 kg per acre, diluted in 200 L of water using a high-volume power sprayer. Additional Info Shelf Life & Packaging: Storage: Store in a cool, dry place at room temperature Shelf Life: 24 months from the date of manufacture at room temperature Packaging: 1 kg Disease Management Bacterial Blight Blast Brown Spot Sheath Blight Udbatta Disease Insect Pest Management Army Worms Case Worm Gundhi Bug Leaf Folders Plant Hopper Rice Hispa Root Knot Nematodes Stem Borers Resources Read all

Leading manufacturer & exporter of Rice Protect Kit for Brown Spot control. Ensure healthy rice crops with our advanced, effective solutions. < Crop Kits Disease Management | Brown Spot Brown Spot, caused by Cochliobolus miyabeanus, manifests as small, oval to spindle-shaped brown lesions on rice leaves. Management strategies include planting resistant varieties, sanitation, fungicide application, and proper irrigation. Product Enquiry Download Brochure Management Biological Control Additional Info Management Avoid heavy doses of nitrogen fertilizers; use only recommended doses. Use resistant varieties. Biological Control Use our Bacillus subtilis at 1 k g per acre, diluted in 200 L of water using a high-volume power sprayer. Additional Info Shelf Life & Packaging: Storage: Store in a cool, dry place at room temperature Shelf Life: 24 months from the date of manufacture at room temperature Packaging: 1 kg Disease Management Bacterial Blight Blast Brown Spot Sheath Blight Udbatta Disease Insect Pest Management Army Worms Case Worm Gundhi Bug Leaf Folders Plant Hopper Rice Hispa Root Knot Nematodes Stem Borers Resources Read all

Bacillus thuringiensis israelensis (Bti) is a naturally occurring bacterium that has revolutionized pest control with its environmentally friendly and highly effective approach. Bti specifically targets the larvae of mosquitoes, blackflies, and fungus gnats, making it an essential tool for managing pests in residential, agricultural, and commercial settings. When applied to breeding sites, Bti releases protein toxins that are ingested by the larvae. These toxins disrupt the larvae's digestive system, leading to their death within hours. Remarkably, Bti’s mechanism of action is species-specific, ensuring that it poses no harm to beneficial insects, plants, animals, or humans. Additionally, it breaks down quickly in the environment, leaving no harmful residues behind. This powerful yet safe solution is a cornerstone in integrated pest management, trusted by professionals worldwide for its ability to protect public health and the environment. From controlling mosquitoes that spread diseases to managing agricultural pests, Bti provides a sustainable alternative to chemical insecticides. < Microbial Species Bacillus thuringiensis israelensis Bacillus thuringiensis israelensis (Bti) is a naturally occurring bacterium that has revolutionized pest control with its environmentally friendly and highly effective approach. Bti specifically targets… Show More Strength 1 x 10⁸ CFU per gram / 1 x 10⁹ CFU per gram Product Enquiry Download Brochure Benefits Targeted Pest Control Specifically targets and controls mosquito larvae, reducing mosquito populations. Environmental Safety Non-toxic to humans and other non-target organisms, safe for aquatic ecosystems. Effective and Specific Highly effective against mosquito larvae with minimal impact on other organisms. Biodegradable Breaks down naturally in the environment, leaving no harmful residues. Dosage & Application Additional Info Scientific References Mode of Action FAQ Scientific References (Rudd et al., 2023) – Describes the complex protein compartmentalization in Bti’s parasporal body and its role in larval toxicity. (Stalinski et al., 2016) – Investigates Cry toxin-specific receptor responses and resistance development in Aedes aegypti . (Boisvert et al., 2007) – Reviews two decades of Bti use in Canada for mosquito control and its environmental safety. (Tan et al., 2012) – Field trial showing reduction in dengue cases following Bti treatment in Malaysia. (Gunasekaran et al., 2002) – Demonstrates long-lasting larvicidal activity of sustained-release Bti formulations in polluted habitats. (Becker et al., 2018) – Reports no resistance development in Aedes vexans after 36 years of Bti application. (Allgeier et al., 2018) – Evaluates biochemical responses in amphibians exposed to Bti, relevant for non-target safety assessments. (Nasser et al., 2021) – Describes the development of hydrogel-based Bti formulations for sustained larvicidal activity. (Tilquin et al., 2008) – Provides evidence of Bti persistence in natural mosquito habitats post-application. Mode of Action Mode of Action – Bacillus thuringiensis subsp. israelensis (Bti) Bacillus thuringiensis subsp. israelensis (Bti) is a spore-forming, Gram-positive bacterium that produces insecticidal proteins during sporulation. These proteins accumulate in a parasporal crystalline inclusion body and include four major protoxins: Cry4Aa, Cry4Ba, Cry11Aa , and Cyt1Aa . Together, they form a highly potent and synergistic toxin complex specifically targeting the larval stages of dipteran insects, including Aedes , Culex , and Anopheles mosquitoes, as well as blackflies and fungus gnats. 1. Ingestion and Activation When Bti spores and crystals are ingested by susceptible insect larvae, the alkaline pH (~10–11) of the insect midgut solubilizes the crystal proteins. This allows the protoxins to be processed into their active toxin forms by midgut proteases. 2. Binding to Midgut Epithelial Receptors The activated Cry toxins (Cry4Aa, Cry4Ba, and Cry11Aa) bind to specific glycoprotein receptors—such as aminopeptidases, alkaline phosphatases, and cadherin-like proteins—on the brush border membrane of midgut epithelial cells. This binding is receptor-specific, accounting for the narrow host range and high target specificity of Bti. 3. Pore Formation and Cell Lysis Upon binding, Cry toxins insert into the membrane and oligomerize to form transmembrane pores. These pores disrupt the osmotic balance of epithelial cells, causing cell swelling, lysis, and ultimately midgut epithelium rupture. This leads to leakage of gut contents into the hemocoel and septicemia. 4. Cyt1Aa Synergism Cyt1Aa functions through a complementary mechanism. It binds to membrane lipids in a receptor-independent manner, forming pores itself and acting as a synergist for Cry toxins. Cyt1Aa improves Cry toxin binding by serving as a surrogate receptor and prevents resistance development by targeting different membrane components. 5. Mortality and Environmental Decay The physiological effect is rapid—larvae typically stop feeding within hours and die within 24 to 48 hours. Spores released into the insect hemocoel germinate, contributing to systemic infection and accelerating mortality. Importantly, Bti toxins are biodegradable, and their specificity means they pose no significant risk to non-target organisms , including humans, mammals, fish, amphibians, and most beneficial insects. 6. Resistance Management The multi-toxin composition of Bti is a critical feature for resistance prevention. The presence of both Cry and Cyt toxins, each with distinct binding sites and modes of membrane disruption, makes the development of resistance in field populations exceedingly rare, even under prolonged use. Additional Info Bacillus thuringiensis israelensis (Bti) is a Gram-positive, spore-forming bacterium that has transformed pest management. Known for its precision and environmental safety, Bti specifically targets insect larvae, such as mosquitoes, black flies, and fungus gnats, while leaving non-target organisms unharmed. Its role in integrated pest management (IPM) has made it a cornerstone for sustainable and ecologically sensitive pest control. Explore our microbial solutions for sustainable pest management here . How Bacillus thuringiensis israelensis Works Bti produces insecticidal crystalline proteins (ICPs), including Cry4A, Cry4B, Cry11A, and Cyt1A, which are lethal to insect larvae. The mechanism includes: Ingestion: Larvae consume Bti spores and toxins. Activation: In the alkaline midgut environment of larvae, the toxins become active. Binding: The toxins bind to gut receptors, forming pores in the gut lining. Larval Death: The resulting gut cell destruction and septicemia cause death. This targeted mechanism ensures safety for pollinators, mammals, and aquatic organisms. Applications of Bacillus thuringiensis israelensis Mosquito Control: Effective in managing mosquito larvae in standing water, urban drainage, and sewage systems. Targets mosquito species such as: Aedes spp. (dengue, Zika, chikungunya vectors) Anopheles spp. (malaria carriers) Culex spp. (West Nile virus vectors) Black Fly Management: Applied in rivers and streams to control black fly larvae, reducing diseases like river blindness and livestock infections. Agricultural and Greenhouse Pest Control Targets pests such as: Fungus gnats (Bradysia spp.) that harm plant roots. Non-biting midges and aquatic dipterans that disrupt ecosystems. Offers a safer alternative to chemical pesticides, protecting crops and beneficial insects. Environmental Applications Used in bioremediation efforts, reducing pest populations in contaminated water bodies and restoring ecological balance. Learn more in details about Applications of Bacillus thuringiensis israelensis here. Advantages of Bacillus thuringiensis israelensis Environmentally Friendly: Specifically targets pests without harming non-target species, preserving biodiversity. Resistance Management: Can be combined with other biological agents like Bacillus sphaericus to minimize resistance development. Cost-Effective Production: Advanced fermentation methods, including the use of sewage sludge as a substrate, make Bti production sustainable and affordable. Versatility: Effective in various settings, from mosquito control in urban areas to pest management in agriculture and greenhouses. How to Use Bacillus thuringiensis israelensis Mosquito Breeding Sites: Apply granules or liquids directly to standing water. Frequency: Reapply every 7–14 days during peak breeding seasons. Agricultural Use: Use as a foliar spray or soil drench for greenhouse crops. Black Fly Control: Apply in fast-flowing rivers and streams to target larvae. Get full information about Bacillus Thuringiensis Israelensis and Mosquito Control: Safety, Effectiveness, and Use here. Dosage & Application Soluble Liquid: 4100 ITU per milligram / 1 x 10⁸ CFU per gram Foliar Application Dose: 0.5 - 1 ml / square metre of water body 1 Acre dose: 2 – 4 L 1 Ha dose: 5 – 10 L Apply on water bodies. Use lower doses for cleaner water and higher doses for polluted water bodies. Apply at 1-2 week intervals. Foliar Application Method Mix Bacillus Thuringiensis – Israelensis at recommended doses in sufficient water and spray on the water body. Apply at intervals of 1-2 weeks. Other Uses : It can be used for seed care. Mix 10g Bacillus subtilis with 10g crude sugar in sufficient water to make a slurry. Coat 1kg of seeds, dry in shade, and sow / broadcast / dibble in the field. Do not store treated / coated seeds for more than 24 hours. Note: Do not store Bacillus Thuringiensis – Israelensis solution for more than 24 hours after mixing with water. FAQ Is Bacillus thuringiensis israelensis safe for use near humans and pets? Yes, Bti is non-toxi c to humans, pets, and beneficial organisms like bees and fish. How does Bti compare to chemical pesticides? Unlike broad-spectrum chemical pesticides, Bti specifically targets larvae, minimizing collateral damage to the environment. Can Bti be used in organic farming? Absolutely. Bti is certified for organic use and aligns with sustainable agricultural practices. What pests does Bti target? It is highly effective against mosquito larvae, black flies, fungus gnats, and aquatic dipterans. Future Directions Enhanced Bioremediation: Genetic engineering could further optimize Bti for improved pollutant degradation and pest control. Industrial Scaling: Scaling Bti production for broader applications in mosquito control and agriculture. Integrated Pest Management Innovations: Expanding Bti’s role in sustainable pest control strategies for diverse ecosystems. Bacillus thuringiensis israelensis is a powerful tool for sustainable pest management. With its precision targeting, environmental safety, and versatility, Bti offers an eco-friendly alternative to chemical pesticides. Whether combating vector-borne diseases, managing agricultural pests, or restoring ecosystems, Bti is an indispensable part of integrated pest management programs. Learn more about how Bacillus thuringiensis israelensis can transform your pest control strategy. Contact us today. Related Products Bacillus popilliae Bacillus thuringiensis subsp. kurstaki Lysinibacillus sphaericus More Products Resources Read all

Lactobacillus gasseri promotes gut health, supports weight management, and aids in digestion, helping maintain a healthy weight for optimal overall wellness. < Microbial Species Lactobacillus gasseri Lactobacillus gasseri promotes gut health, supports weight management, and aids in digestion, helping maintain a healthy weight for optimal overall wellness. Strength 1 x 10⁸ CFU per gram / 1 x 10⁹ CFU per gram Product Enquiry Download Brochure Benefits Immune System Boost This strain enhances immune response by stimulating the production of immune cells and improving the body’s defense against infections. Digestive Health Enhancement It promotes digestive health by alleviating symptoms of diarrhea and constipation while maintaining overall gut function. Weight Management Support This probiotic may aid in weight management by reducing body fat and regulating appetite through gut microbiota balance. Support for Vaginal Health It helps maintain vaginal microbiota balance, potentially reducing the risk of infections and promoting overall reproductive health. Dosage & Application Additional Info Scientific References Mode of Action FAQ Scientific References Content coming soon! Mode of Action Content coming soon! Additional Info Key Features All microbial strains are characterized using 16S rDNA. All products are non-GMO. No animal-derived materials are used. The typical shelf life is 2 years. All strains are screened in-house using high-throughput screening methods. We can customize manufacturing based on the required strength and dosage. High-resilience strains Stable under a wide pH range Stable under a broad temperature range Stable in the presence of bile salts and acids Do not show antibiotic resistance Packaging Material The product is packaged in a multi-layer, ultra-high barrier foil that is heat-sealed and placed inside a cardboard shipper or plastic drum. Shipping Shipping is available worldwide. Probiotic packages are typically transported in insulated Styrofoam shippers with dry ice to avoid exposure to extreme high temperatures during transit. Support Documentation Certificate of Analysis (COA) Specifications Material Safety Data Sheets (MSDS) Stability studies (18 months) Certifications ISO 9001 ISO 22000 HACCP Halal and Kosher Certification (for Lactobacillus strains) FSSAI Dosage & Application Contact us for more details FAQ Content coming soon! Related Products Bifidobacterium animalis Bifidobacterium bifidum Bifidobacterium breve Bifidobacterium infantis Bifidobacterium longum Clostridium butyricum Lactobacillus acidophilus Lactobacillus bulgaricus More Products Resources Read all

Multi-Bio is a double action bio-fertilizer recipe, formulated by the research team at Indogulf BioAg. Suppliers & Manufacterers USA PRODUCT OVERVIEW MULTI-BIO is a double action bio-fertilizer recipe, formulated by the research team at Indogulf BioAg . It is primarily mycorrhiza based, and hence provides all the goodness to the root of the plant through mycorrhiza fungi. Additionally, multi-bio also contains all essential nutrients which the plant needs to grow healthy and strong. This double advantage which MULTI-BIO provides work together indigenously as the soil receives essential nutrients organically and the root system of the plant is enhanced due to the mycorrhiza fungi which is present in the recipe. Features & Benefits Pollution-free and eco-friendly. Fast Seed Germination, Flowering, and Maturity in Crop. Restore natural Fertility. Increase yield by 20% to 25%. Has no harmful effect on Soil Fertility and Plant growth. Provide Positive residual effect for Subsequent Crops. Powder Composition Per 100gms & Liquid Water Soluble Composition per 100 ml Mode of Action PGPR facilitates plant growth and development both directly and indirectly. Direct stimulation includes providing plants with fixed nitrogen, phytohormones, iron that has been sequestered by bacterial siderophores, and soluble phosphate, while indirect stimulation of plant growth includes preventing phytopathogens (biocontrol) and thus, promote plant growth and development. Perform these functions through specific enzymes, which provoke morphological and physiological changes in plants which enhance plant nutrient and water uptake. Dosage and Method of Application Powder Usage Mix 40 grams MULTI-BIO powder in 500 Ltrs of water and mix in a drip irrigation system or use in a Spray for one acre of Crop. Preferably used before the use of any anti-weed, anti-fungal products. Liquid Usage Mix 40ml of MULTI-BIO liquid in 500 Liters of water for one acre of crop. Preferably used before the use of any anti-weed, anti-fungal products. Liquid Dosage Seed Treatment: Cereals – Paddy, Wheat, Maize, Barley, Oats, Millets, etc., Mix 20 ml of Multi-Bio Liquid in 500 ml of water thoroughly. With this mix 15kgs of seeds till all the seeds are uniformly coated. Dry the seeds in Shade before sowing. Root Dip Treatment: Mix 40 ml of Multi-Bio Liquid in 5 Liters of water and dip the roots before planting for 1 acre. Or prepare a small bed in the field and add 40ml of Multi-Bio Liquid with water ½ inch depth. Dip the roots of the plants to be planted for 1 acre in this suspension for 8 to 12 hours before planting. Main Field Application: Mix 40 ml in 20 Liters and treat soil via drip system for 1 acre of land. Application Frequency: For main field application, treat the soil before sowing and once again at the flowering stage. Recommended Crops Cotton, Sugarcane, Rice, Tea, Coffee, Carrot, lettuce, Tomato, Pepper, Legumes, Lettuce, Carrot, Peanuts Shelf Life & Packaging Storage: Store in a cool dry place at Room Temperature. Shelf life: 24 Months from date of manufacture. Packaging: Powder 1 Kg Pouch & 1 Litre bottle. The presence of mycorrhizal fungi is a part as vital to sustainable agricultural production as our own intestinal flora is to our nutrition. Mycorrhizal fungi, alongside beneficial bacteria, form the basis of the soil ecosystem and are the first organisms that really break down the nutrients present there into a form that is truly available for plants to use them. [Read more ] Downloads Product Information Label Information Click here for Product Enquiry Related Articles Four principles of organic agriculture (3/4): Fairness Unfairness is unsustainable, and organic agriculture aims for sustainability: it must, consequently, be fair. Even if it is not a part of... Organic agriculture significantly reduces greenhouse gas emissions, according to 23 years of data. According to the most recent data on the subject, no less than a quarter of all the world’s greenhouse gas emissions come from... Could mycorrhizal fungi serve as a defense barrier against climate change? The presence of mycorrhizal fungi is a part as vital to sustainable agricultural production as our own intestinal flora is to our nutrition. Mycorrhizal fungi, alongside beneficial bacteria, form the basis of the soil ecosystem and are the first organisms that really break down the nutrients present there into a form that is truly available for plants to use them. But recent research shows that they can also do more: they could be our first line of defense against climate ch