Rhizophagus intraradices (previously Glomus intraradices) is an arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus used in agriculture, that improves root structure enhances plant nutrient uptake, especially phosphorus, improving plant growth, stress resilience, and soil health in sustainable agriculture. < Microbial Species Rhizophagus Intraradices Rhizophagus intraradices (previously Glomus intraradices) is an arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus used in agriculture, that improves root structure enhances plant nutrient uptake, especially phosphorus, improving plant… Show More Strength 245 Active Spores per gram Product Enquiry Download Brochure Benefits Improved Soil Health Hyphal networks bind soil particles, promoting soil structure, aeration, and moisture retention, creating healthier, more resilient environments for plant roots. Reduced Fertilizer Dependence Improved nutrient efficiency allows plants to thrive with less fertilizer, supporting sustainable farming practices and decreasing potential soil and water pollution. Increased Drought Resistance Extending root surface area boosts water absorption, helping plants endure drought conditions, enhancing resilience, and reducing water stress. Enhanced Nutrient Uptake Improves nutrient access, especially phosphorus, by forming hyphal networks that extend beyond plant roots, increasing nutrient availability and uptake. Dosage & Application Additional Info Scientific References Mode of Action FAQ Scientific References Improves growth and phosphorus uptake in contaminated soil Inoculation with R. intraradices significantly enhanced soybean growth, phosphorus uptake, and grain yield even in heavy metal-contaminated soils ( Adeyemi et al., 2021 ). Broad agricultural benefits and soil health contributions A comprehensive review highlighted the species' roles in nutrient cycling, improved water retention, glomalin production, and overall support for sustainable agriculture ( Onyeaka et al., 2024 ). Enhanced nutrient uptake and microbial community structure Field experiments with maize showed that R. intraradices increased phosphorus and nitrogen uptake, biomass, and improved soil microbial biomass when combined with earthworms ( Li et al., 2013 ). Remediation and soil improvement in polluted environments Combining R. intraradices with Solanum nigrum improved cadmium retention in roots, boosted soil enzyme activity, and enhanced microbial diversity under heavy metal stress ( Wang et al., 2025 ). Improved drought tolerance and antioxidant activity Inoculated finger millet seedlings showed improved phosphorus uptake, chlorophyll content, and stress tolerance indicators such as higher antioxidant levels and reduced oxidative damage (Tyagi et al., 2021) . Mode of Action 1. Host Recognition and Root Colonization Rhizophagus intraradices , a species of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus (AMF) in the phylum Glomeromycota , initiates symbiosis through a sophisticated chemical signaling exchange with host plants. Root exudates, particularly strigolactones , trigger spore germination and hyphal branching. In response, R. intraradices produces Myc-LCOs (Mycorrhizal lipochitooligosaccharides) , which activate host plant receptors and initiate symbiotic signaling pathways via the common symbiosis signaling pathway (CSSP) . Once recognition is achieved, the fungus penetrates the root epidermis and cortex via appressoria , establishing intraradical colonization . Within cortical cells, it forms arbuscules , finely branched hyphal structures that serve as the interface for bi-directional nutrient exchange. In some host species, vesicles are also formed, acting as lipid-rich storage and reproductive structures. Source : Kumar, Sanjeev. (2018). In vitro cultivation of AMF using Root Organ Culture: factory of biofertilizers and secondary metabolites production. 2. Nutrient Foraging and Transfer The most direct agronomic benefit of R. intraradices lies in its capacity to enhance nutrient acquisition: The fungus develops an extensive extraradical hyphal network that significantly increases the absorptive surface area of the root system, accessing nutrients beyond the rhizosphere depletion zone . Key nutrients mobilized include phosphorus (Pi) , zinc (Zn) , copper (Cu) , and other micronutrients, often bound in forms that are otherwise unavailable to plants. High-affinity phosphate transporters (e.g., GintPT ) in fungal hyphae facilitate Pi uptake, which is then translocated via the fungal cytoskeleton to the arbuscules. Inside the arbuscule interface, nutrient exchange occurs via a periarbuscular membrane , where plant Pi and metal transporters (e.g., PT4 ) retrieve the nutrients. In return, the plant supplies the fungus with photosynthetically derived carbon , mainly in the form of hexoses , transported through plant sugar transporters , supporting fungal metabolism and reproduction. Khan, Yaseen, Sulaiman Shah, and Tian Hui. 2022. " The Roles of Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi in Influencing Plant Nutrients, Photosynthesis, and Metabolites of Cereal Crops—A Review" Agronomy 12, no. 9: 2191. 3. Abiotic Stress Alleviation R. intraradices significantly modulates plant physiological responses under abiotic stress conditions: Enhances water acquisition through extended hyphal reach and improved root hydraulic conductivity. Increases osmoprotectant synthesis , including proline , glycine betaine , and soluble sugars , aiding in osmotic adjustment under drought and salinity stress. Activates antioxidant enzyme systems , including superoxide dismutase (SOD) , catalase (CAT) , and ascorbate peroxidase (APX) , reducing oxidative damage from ROS generated during stress. Influences the synthesis and signaling of phytohormones such as abscisic acid (ABA) , jasmonic acid (JA) , salicylic acid (SA) , and auxins , which regulate stress adaptation, stomatal closure, and root architecture. 4. Soil Aggregation and Health The extraradical hyphae of R. intraradices play a critical role in soil structure and fertility : Secrete glomalin-related soil proteins (GRSPs) that stabilize soil aggregates by binding mineral particles and organic matter. Improve soil porosity , water infiltration , and bulk density , contributing to enhanced root penetration and aeration. Support carbon sequestration by promoting stable soil organic carbon pools. Increase microbial biomass and enzymatic activity, such as phosphatases , ureases , and dehydrogenases , which further enhance nutrient cycling and microbial community function. 5. Biotic Stress Resistance and Pathogen Suppression R. intraradices contributes to plant immunity and disease resistance through several pathways: Competes with soil pathogens for space and resources in the rhizosphere and root cortex. Activates induced systemic resistance (ISR) via jasmonate and ethylene signaling pathways, enhancing the plant’s defense readiness. Alters rhizosphere microbiome composition , often increasing populations of beneficial microorganisms (e.g., Pseudomonas , Trichoderma ) that further antagonize pathogens. Reduces the translocation of heavy metals and xenobiotics to aerial parts, providing a protective buffer in contaminated soils. 6. Ecological and Agronomic Integration In sustainable agriculture, R. intraradices is increasingly applied as a bioinoculant , either alone or in combination with other beneficial microbes. Its efficacy depends on: Soil conditions (pH, organic matter, nutrient availability) Host plant genotype and mycorrhizal compatibility Co-inoculation strategies (e.g., with nitrogen-fixing bacteria like Azospirillum brasilense ) Reduction in synthetic fertilizer inputs, which can suppress AMF colonization when in excess Additional Info Product Specifications Strength: customisable Formulation: customisable Purity: High-quality inoculum with verified spore viability Storage and Handling Store in a cool, dry place away from direct sunlight and extreme temperatures. Optimal storage temperature is 4-25°C (39-77°F). Keep container tightly sealed when not in use. Shelf life is 12 months when stored properly. Avoid exposure to fungicides or excessive heat which may reduce spore viability. Best Practices Apply to moist soil for optimal spore germination Ensure direct contact between inoculant and plant roots Avoid over-fertilization, especially with phosphorus, which can suppress mycorrhizal colonization Combine with organic matter amendments to enhance fungal establishment Use within the same growing season after opening for maximum effectiveness Environmental Conditions R. intraradices thrives in well-aerated, slightly acidic to neutral soils (pH 5.5-7.0). The fungus is naturally adapted to diverse soil types and climatic conditions, making it suitable for global agricultural applications. Performance is optimized in soils with moderate organic matter content and adequate moisture. Safety Non-toxic and safe for humans, animals, and the environment. Certified for use in organic agriculture by various international certification bodies. Contains only naturally occurring beneficial fungi with no genetically modified organisms. Dosage & Application Application Rates for Different Agricultural Systems For Field Crops (Hectare-based application): Standard field application: 60 g per hectare High-intensity farming: Up to 100 g per hectare for optimal colonization Maize and cereal crops: 60–100 g/ha mixed with seed or applied at sowing Legume crops (soybean, chickpea, lentil): 60 g/ha, compatible with rhizobial inoculants Horticultural crops (vegetables, fruits): 30–50 g per hectare For Specialized Applications: Hydroponic systems: 1 g per plant or 580 propagules per liter applied via subirrigation Greenhouse nurseries and potting: 3 g per square meter of growing area Tissue culture and micropropagated plants: 0.5–1.0 g per seedling during hardening stage Cuttings and propagation material: 0.5 g per cutting at rooting medium Turf and ornamental applications: 50–100 g per 1000 m² Optimal Spore Density and Colonization Rates Research indicates that optimal inoculation requires a minimum threshold for effective colonization: Minimum effective spore density: 2–3 spores per seed or seedling for adequate colonization establishment Optimal spore density: 5–6 spores per seed results in superior root colonization rates (75–84%) and maximal plant vigor Application strength: The product contains 245 active spores per gram, ensuring consistent and reliable inoculum quality Colonization timeline: Initial root colonization typically occurs within 2–4 weeks; visible plant benefits manifest within 6–8 weeks; maximum benefits develop throughout the entire growing season Application Methods and Techniques Seed Treatment (Most Common) Mix R. intraradices inoculum with seeds immediately before sowing at a ratio of 60 g per hectare. Ensure uniform distribution for consistent field colonization. In-Furrow Application Apply 60 g per hectare directly into the planting furrow at sowing depth (5–8 cm). This method ensures close proximity of spores to germinating roots. Root Dip Method (Nurseries and Transplants) Suspend seedling roots in a slurry containing 3 g per square meter of growing area for 2–5 minutes before transplanting. This high-contact method accelerates colonization establishment. Subirrigation and Hydroponic Systems Dilute liquid inoculum (580 propagules/liter) in irrigation water and apply weekly through drip or subirrigation systems. Filter product to prevent emitter clogging. Soil Incorporation Mix inoculum into soil at 60 g per hectare 1–2 weeks before planting for field crops, allowing time for spore positioning. Foliar and Root Zone Drenching Apply via soil drenching at transplanting stage (10 mL per plant) for containerized crops and horticultural applications. Critical Application Considerations Phosphorus Management High soil phosphorus levels (>50 ppm) suppress AMF colonization and reduce symbiotic effectiveness. When using R. intraradices, reduce phosphorus fertilizer applications and rely on the fungus to mobilize existing soil phosphorus reserves. Combination treatments of R. intraradices + 50% recommended phosphorus consistently outperform full-dose phosphorus alone. Fungicide and Chemical Interactions Avoid fungicide applications for at least 2–4 weeks post-inoculation to prevent suppression of colonization. Systemic fungicides are particularly damaging to AMF establishment. Coordinate all pesticide applications with agronomist recommendations considering AMF symbiosis. Soil Preparation and Timing Inoculate into well-prepared, slightly acidic to neutral soils (pH 6.0–7.5). Avoid waterlogged conditions immediately post-inoculation. Ideal soil moisture should be 60–70% of field capacity. Compatibility with Other Microorganisms R. intraradices generally works synergistically with beneficial bacteria (Bacillus spp., Azospirillum spp.) and other AMF species. Co-inoculation often produces superior results to single-organism application. Storage and Handling Store product in cool, dry conditions (4–15°C) in sealed containers away from light. Do not expose to temperatures above 25°C or to direct sunlight. Use within 12–24 months of manufacture for optimal viability; maintain storage conditions to preserve spore viability and germination potential. FAQ What is the new name for Glomus intraradices? The fungus formerly known as Glomus intraradices has been officially reclassified as Rhizophagus intraradices based on comprehensive molecular phylogenetic analysis. This taxonomic change, implemented following the 2010 reclassification by Schüßler and Walker, reflects advances in DNA sequencing technology and ribosomal RNA gene analysis that revealed the original genus assignment was incorrect. The genus Rhizophagus is more accurately aligned with the evolutionary lineage and morphological characteristics of this species. The reclassification was formally anchored through the International Culture Collection of Vesicular Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi (INVAM) culture FL208, which represents the type strain and nomenclatural authority for the species. Important Note: It is critical to distinguish between two distinct species within the Rhizophagus genus: Rhizophagus intraradices (formerly Glomus intraradices, strain FL208 and related isolates) Rhizophagus irregularis (formerly known as Glomus irregulare and historically confused with R. intraradices, particularly the DAOM197198 reference strain) While historically conflated, phylogenetic and molecular analyses now clearly demonstrate these are separate species with different colonization characteristics and agricultural performance profiles. What is the use of Glomus intraradices (Rhizophagus intraradices)? R. intraradices serves as a plant growth-promoting arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus with diverse agricultural, horticultural, and environmental applications: Sustainable intensification of cereal crops (maize, wheat, rice, sorghum) with reduced fertilizer dependency Improved legume performance (soybean, chickpea, lentil) complementing nitrogen-fixing rhizobia Enhanced tuber and root crop yields (potato, cassava, carrots) with superior nutrient uptake and stress tolerance Horticultural Applications Nursery production of high-quality transplants with accelerated growth and disease resistance Fruit crop establishment (citrus, mango, avocado, berry crops) with improved root development Ornamental plant production with superior vigor and stress resilience Vegetable production (tomato, pepper, cucumber) supporting both conventional and organic systems Environmental Remediation Phytoremediation of heavy metal-contaminated soils through enhanced metal uptake capacity and soil enzyme activity Restoration of degraded mining sites and contaminated agricultural lands Coal mining site revegetation and ecosystem recovery Support for pioneer plant species establishment in marginal and disturbed environments Sustainable Agriculture Intensification Reduction of synthetic fertilizer inputs by 25–50% while maintaining or improving yields Support for organic farming systems seeking certified biological inputs Climate-smart agriculture through enhanced carbon sequestration and drought resilience Integrated pest management via natural disease suppression mechanisms Specialized Applications Micropropagated plant hardening and acclimatization protocols Hydroponic and soilless cultivation systems for high-value crops Biofortification programs improving micronutrient density in staple food crops Effects of Rhizophagus intraradices on Crops Research has documented comprehensive beneficial effects across diverse crop species: Nutrient Uptake and Growth Promotion Phosphorus uptake: 50–130% increase in plant-available phosphorus, enabling 25–50% reduction in phosphate fertilizer Nitrogen acquisition: Enhanced nitrogen uptake through both direct root absorption and fungal-mediated pathways Micronutrient availability: Improved zinc, copper, iron, and manganese bioavailability particularly important in calcareous and alkaline soils Biomass accumulation: Increased shoot and root dry matter by 15–40% depending on soil fertility and environmental conditions Root System Development Enhanced lateral root initiation and root hair density Increased root diameter and improved soil penetration capability Expanded root surface area (up to 100-fold expansion through hyphal networks) Modified root architecture supporting improved nutrient and water acquisition Yield and Productivity Grain yield: 10–35% yield increases in cereals (maize, wheat, rice) particularly under limiting nutrient or water availability Legume productivity: 20–30% increases in soybean, chickpea yields with complementary rhizobial inoculation Tuber production: 14.5% yield increases in cassava in phosphorus-deficient soils Horticultural crops: 25–35% increases in fruit number and mass in pepper, tomato, strawberry Stress Tolerance Enhancement Drought resilience: Maintained photosynthetic efficiency and leaf water potential under moderate to severe drought; 20–25% greater biomass than non-inoculated plants under water stress Salt tolerance: Enhanced ion selectivity and osmolyte accumulation mitigating salinity stress effects Heavy metal mitigation: Enhanced phytoextraction and phytostabilization of cadmium, lead, and arsenic; reduced toxic ion accumulation in shoots Cold and temperature stress: Improved cellular cryoprotectant accumulation and membrane integrity maintenance Disease and Pest Suppression Root-knot nematode biocontrol: Reduced Meloidogyne graminicola populations and symptoms in rice through enhanced plant defense activation Soil-borne pathogen suppression: Reduced incidence of Fusarium, Rhizoctonia, and other fungal root pathogens through competitive exclusion and defense enhancement Pest susceptibility reduction: Western corn rootworm larvae show reduced fitness on R. intraradices-colonized maize, facilitating biological pest control Soil Quality and Long-term Sustainability Soil aggregation: Enhanced water-stable aggregate formation improving soil structure and workability Organic matter stabilization: Glomalin accumulation supports 10–20-year soil organic matter persistence Microbial community enhancement: Increased beneficial soil microbial diversity and activity Carbon sequestration: Contribution to global carbon cycle with approximately 13 Gt CO₂e annually sequestered Crop-Specific Effects Rice: 35–50% increase in grain yield with improved phosphorus and nitrogen uptake; enhanced disease resistance to bacterial leaf blight (Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae) Maize: 20–35% yield increase with enhanced water use efficiency; reduced Western corn rootworm damage through modified rhizosphere chemistry Soybean: 15–30% yield improvement with complementary rhizobial associations; enhanced phosphorus uptake in continuous cropping systems Wheat: Significant phosphorus uptake enhancement and improved grain quality parameters Citrus/Lemon: Enhanced lateral root formation and phosphate transporter gene expression; improved water uptake capacity Tomato: 25–35% increase in fruit yield and quality; improved water stress tolerance during critical fruit development stages Saffron: 25% increase in total chlorophyll content; enhanced daughter corm production and stigma development Finger Millet: 29% increase in phosphorus and chlorophyll under drought stress; 7% growth improvement under severe water limitation Related Products Glomus mosseae Serendipita indica More Products Resources Read all

Leading manufacturer & exporter of Nano Copper Fertilizers, enhancing plant growth with innovative, eco-friendly solutions. Boost your yield with us! < Nano Fertilizers Nano Copper Nano-sized copper particles encapsulated in a water suspension, effective in controlling plant pathogenic diseases like downy mildew in grapes, compliant with organic farming standards. Product Enquiry Download Brochure Benefits Universal Fungal Disinfectant Effectively disinfects against a wide range of fungi, enhancing plant health. Versatile Use Can be applied to disinfect plant debris, plants, and pruned materials, reducing pathogen spread. Compatibility Works well with chemical pesticides, fertilizers, micronutrients, and plant growth regulators (PGRs). Safe and Non-Toxic Does not contain hazardous components like hydrogen peroxide, making it safe for plants and users. Component Concentration Function Copper Sulfate 2.00% Active antifungal agent PEG 6000 2.00% Humectant; improves spreading Ascorbic Acid 1.00% Antioxidant; stabilizes copper Sodium Borohydride 0.20% Reduces copper to nano-scale Biopolymer 10.00% Encapsulation matrix Aqua q.s. Suspension medium Composition Dosage & Application Why choose this product Key Benefits Sustainability Advantage Additional Info FAQ Additional Info Physical Properties: Form : Water suspension Copper concentration : 50 ppm (when mixed at 5 ml/L) Particle size : 1-100 nanometers pH : 6.0-6.5 Stability : 2+ years in cool conditions Shelf-life : Stable; maintains suspension without significant settling Related Products For Integrated Disease Control: Trichoderma Harzianum (Biofungicide) : Use 1 week after Nano Copper Bacillus Amyloliquefaciens (Biofungicide) : Apply after 7-day interval Neem Oil (Botanical Fungicide) : Rotation partner for resistance management For Nutrient & Growth Support: Nano Calcium : Reduces fruit drop; improves crop quality Nano Iron : Corrects iron deficiency; enhances plant health For Comprehensive Crop Health: Plant Growth Promoters : Synergize with nano-copper delivery systems Why choose this product? Nano Copper represents a paradigm shift in fungal disease management, combining the proven efficacy of copper with cutting-edge nanotechnology to deliver superior performance in modern agriculture. Unlike conventional copper-based fungicides, Nano Copper's nano-scale formulation (water suspension with 2.00% Copper Sulfate and 10.00% Biopolymer) offers enhanced bioavailability, reduced environmental accumulation, and organic farming compliance. The proprietary encapsulation technology ensures stable delivery of copper ions precisely where needed—at the site of pathogenic infection—while maintaining safety for beneficial soil organisms and food crops. Key Benefits at a Glance Superior Disease Control Highly effective against downy mildew in grapes, cucurbits, and other crops Demonstrated efficacy against powdery mildew, bacterial spot, and fungal leaf spots Broad-spectrum antifungal activity across diverse crop pathogenic fungi Works at lower copper concentrations than conventional fungicides Nanotechnology Advantages 50-100x higher surface area than conventional copper particles Enhanced penetration into fungal cell membranes and spore structures More uniform distribution on leaf surfaces Reduced particle settling—maintains suspension stability longer Environmental & Health Safety Approved for organic agriculture systems globally Reduces cumulative soil copper residue compared to traditional formulations Lower toxicity risk to non-target organisms (earthworms, beneficial insects) Rapid degradation in soil without bioaccumulation Safer than soluble copper sulfate forms (less phytotoxic) Economic Efficiency Lower application rates required due to increased bioavailability Reduced frequency of reapplication cycles Better value per unit of active copper Minimizes spray drift and runoff losses Practical Application Easy mixing at 50ppm concentration Compatible with most organic pest management programs No mixing restrictions with biological fungicides (wait 1 week after spray) Effective in diverse climate conditions Sustainability Advantage Nano Copper embodies sustainable agriculture principles by enabling "precision copper delivery" through nanotechnology. This approach represents a fundamental evolution beyond conventional blanket-spray fungicide strategies: Reduced Environmental Copper Load Conventional copper fungicides (Cu(OH)₂, copper oxychloride, Bordeaux mixture) leave cumulative soil residues that can accumulate to 1500-3000 mg Cu/kg soil after decades of use, potentially requiring land-use conversion. Nano Copper's enhanced bioavailability allows effective disease control at substantially lower total copper application rates, reducing long-term environmental persistence and soil copper saturation. Lower Phytotoxicity & Higher Crop Safety Nano-formulated copper exhibits significantly lower phytotoxic effects compared to highly soluble copper sulfate (CuSO₄), which can cause leaf burn and tissue damage. The encapsulated nano-particles release copper ions gradually and spatially at fungal infection sites, rather than creating high local concentrations that damage plant tissue. Field trials show improved plant health and yield compared to traditional copper formulations. Ecological Compatibility Studies demonstrate that copper nanoparticles cause less disruption to soil microbial communities than conventional copper forms. When properly formulated (as in Nano Copper with its biopolymer carrier), soil microbes adapt more readily to the nanoparticle presence. This preserves beneficial nutrient-cycling bacteria, mycorrhizal fungi, and soil fauna that support long-term soil health and productivity. Organic Certification Alignment As a nano-formulated copper hydroxide suspension, Nano Copper meets EU Regulation 2018/1981 and OMRI (Organic Materials Review Institute) standards for approved substances in organic production. Its compliant composition supports organic certification while delivering modern disease control efficacy that minimizes the need for multiple spray rotations. Precision Application Strategy By combining early detection scouting with nano-copper application, growers can implement "targeted disease management" rather than calendar-based preventive spraying. This reduces total pesticide volume, protects beneficial organisms in untreated areas, and minimizes non-target impacts. Biodegradation & Residue Profile Nano Copper's biopolymer carrier matrix biodegrades under soil microbial action and UV exposure, releasing copper ions that are then sequestered by soil minerals or incorporated into microbial biomass. This contrasts with persistent organic pesticides or metallic residues that resist decomposition. Studies confirm negligible copper residues in harvested produce when application rates and pre-harvest intervals are followed. Dosage & Application Foliar Application (Spray): Mix Nano Cu at a rate of 5 ml per liter of water to achieve 50ppm copper concentration. Spray Application Timing: Apply at first sign of disease or when conditions favor disease Repeat application after one week if disease pressure continues Cease sprays 14-21 days before harvest Soil Application (Drench/Irrigation): For soil-borne pathogens: Apply 2.5 liters per acre during sowing or transplantation Mix into soil at 2-4 inches depth Provides season-long disease suppression Application Restrictions & Precautions: Do not mix with chemical pesticides : Compromises formulation stability and efficacy Microbial inoculant timing : Wait minimum 1 week after application before introducing beneficial microbes Copper ions can reduce microbial inoculant viability After 7 days, copper residues diminish and microbial colonization proceeds Weather considerations : Avoid high heat (above 85°F/29°C) Apply during cool morning or evening hours Ensure adequate leaf wetness Crop-specific precautions : Test on small area for sensitive cultivars Young trees/vines: Use half-strength (2.5 ml/L) Avoid application during bloom and early fruit development Regional compliance : EU maximum: 6 kg Cu per hectare per year Check destination country residue limits Verify organic certifier approval FAQ What is Nano Copper Good For? Nano Copper is a precision fungicide specifically formulated to manage a broad spectrum of fungal diseases affecting high-value crops. Its primary applications include: Grape & Vineyard Protection Downy mildew (Plasmopara viticola) : The primary target disease. Nano Copper provides preventive and early curative activity, reducing disease incidence by 70-90% when applied at the first sign of disease pressure Powdery mildew (Erysiphe necator) : Effective with proper application timing, especially during high humidity periods Field trials : Confirm Nano Copper efficacy comparable to traditional copper-based fungicides but with reduced application frequency Cucurbit Crops (Cucumbers, Melons, Watermelons, Squash) Downy mildew (Pseudoperonospora cubensis) : Highly destructive pathogen; Nano Copper provides 65-85% control when preventive applications begin before disease establishment Powdery mildew : Common foliar disease; responsive to nano-copper treatment with 70%+ control efficacy Fruit & Vegetable Crops Bacterial spot (Xanthomonas spp.) : Particularly effective on citrus, peppers, and tomatoes Anthracnose (Colletotrichum spp.) : Direct antifungal activity against spore germination and mycelial growth Fungal leaf spots : Including Septoria, Alternaria, and Cercospora species Specialty & High-Value Crops Stone fruits (peaches, plums, nectarines) : Prevention of brown rot and leaf curl Pome fruits (apples, pears) : Supplementary control of various fungal diseases Berry crops (strawberries, blueberries) : Management of gray mold and powdery mildew Application Contexts Preventive/Prophylactic : Applied before disease appearance when weather conditions favor pathogen development Early curative : Applied within 48-72 hours of first disease symptom detection Integrated disease management : Used as component of multi-strategy disease control What are the Benefits of Copper Nanoparticles? Copper nanoparticles, particularly when properly formulated as in Nano Copper, offer transformative advantages over conventional copper-based fungicides: Enhanced Antifungal Efficacy The nanoparticles' ultrafine dimensions (typically 1-100 nm) dramatically increase the surface-area-to-volume ratio to 50-200 m²/g, compared to microscale copper particles at 0.1-1 m²/g. This expanded surface area provides: Increased contact points : More reactive sites interact with fungal cell membranes simultaneously Accelerated penetration : Smaller particle size enables deeper embedding into fungal spore walls and hyphal structures Enhanced ion release : Gradual dissolution within acidic fungal microenvironments (pH 3-5) provides sustained copper ion availability Research evidence : Studies demonstrate 81.9% growth inhibition of Colletotrichum gloeosporioides at 500 mg/mL copper nanoparticles versus 56% for conventional copper oxide Antifungal Mechanism of Action Copper nanoparticles employ multiple simultaneous mechanisms: Contact-killing disruption : Cell membrane damage and rupture Leakage of cellular contents Swelling and deformation of hyphal structures Loss of filamentous integrity Oxidative stress induction : Generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) Hydrogen peroxide and superoxide radicals Hydroxyl radicals attacking cellular proteins and DNA Mitochondrial dysfunction Protein and DNA damage : Inhibition of respiratory chain proteins Disruption of cytochrome c oxidase DNA and RNA synthesis interference Spore germination prevention : Prevents appressorium formation Blocks germ tube elongation Cell viability reduction of 76.8-77.7% at 200-500 mg/mL Improved Bioavailability & Stability The nano-formulation (containing 10% Biopolymer carrier) provides: Sustained release : Gradual copper ion liberation over hours to days Targeted delivery : Preferential delivery to leaf surfaces where pathogenic spores germinate Improved adhesion : Enhanced sticking to hydrophobic leaf wax surfaces Photostability : Reduced photodegradation compared to unencapsulated copper compounds pH buffering : Ascorbic acid maintains optimal pH for antifungal activity Lower Phytotoxicity & Plant Safety Unlike soluble copper sulfate which causes severe leaf burn, nano-copper delivers copper ions gradually: Reduced leaf necrosis : Gradual ion release prevents concentrated copper damage Better crop safety : Field trials show improved plant vigor compared to copper hydroxide formulations Optimal concentration delivery : Provides fungistatic concentrations without toxic plant-tissue levels Compatibility : Safe for use on sensitive crop stages Reduced Environmental Accumulation Lower total copper application : 30-50% reductions in total copper per season possible Reduced soil persistence : Doesn't accumulate to problematic levels seen with conventional copper Biopolymer degradation : Organic matrix biodegrades; copper sequestered by soil minerals Microbial compatibility : Soil microbial communities tolerate nano-copper better than conventional forms Compatible with Beneficial Organisms Earthworm safety : Iron nanoparticle-coated copper: 0% mortality versus 50% for copper oxychloride Pollinator safety : Low toxicity to bees and beneficial insects Mycorrhizal compatibility : Root-symbiotic partners tolerate nano-copper exposure Bacterium preservation : Soil bacterial populations maintain diversity and nutrient cycling activity Synergistic Effects Combination efficacy : Copper nanoparticles + chitosan carriers show 98% powdery mildew inhibition Integration with biologicals : Compatible with Trichoderma and Bacillus species (maintain 1-week interval) OMRI compliance : Works with certified organic inputs What is Nano Copper for Agriculture? Nano Copper represents a revolutionary approach to copper-based fungal disease management in agriculture, leveraging nanotechnology to overcome conventional copper limitations while maintaining organic certification compliance. Agricultural Disease Management Role Nano Copper fills a critical gap as a high-efficacy, low-residue alternative to conventional copper fungicides . In regions with strict copper regulations (EU, parts of Asia, Americas), where annual limits restrict traditional use, Nano Copper enables equivalent or superior disease control at 30-50% reduced copper rates. Organic Agriculture Integration For certified organic farmers: OMRI & EU Regulation 2018/1981 compliant : Approved for organic production Regulatory acceptance : Pre-approval eliminates registration barriers Reduced chemical load : Enables disease control without relying solely on sulfur or resistant varieties Preventive capability : 70-90% disease reduction when applied at pressure onset Precision Agriculture Implementation Weather-triggered application : Predictive models based on leaf wetness, temperature, humidity Scouting-based deployment : Applied only when action thresholds reached Drone & UAV application : Fine particle size suits precision technologies Geospatial mapping : Target disease hotspots through remote sensing Crop-Specific Agricultural Applications Viticulture (Grape Production) Downy mildew causes 30-50% crop losses without management Preventive sprays during high-risk periods Reduces total fungicide rotations per season Maintains wine quality by avoiding excessive residues Compatible with IPM strategies High-Value Vegetable Production In intensive cucurbit, pepper, tomato production Early-season preventive applications Reduces secondary disease complex management costs Maintains market-quality produce Tropical & Subtropical Agriculture High-humidity continuous fungal pressure regions Enhanced bioavailability allows fewer spray cycles Reduces environmental copper load (critical in high-residue regions) Compatible with frequent rainfall patterns Specialty Crop Production (Berries, Stone Fruits, Citrus) Zero-tolerance disease strategies Combines with exclusionary tactics Reduces reliance on multi-component synthetic fungicide programs Prevents resistance development Sustainability & Environmental Agriculture Soil Health Preservation Maintains beneficial microbial communities Prevents copper accumulation forcing land abandonment Preserves earthworm populations and soil fauna Reduced Chemical Footprint Enables fungal disease control without synthetic DMI fungicides Avoids QoI fungicides associated with resistance Complements biological control strategies Water Quality Protection Reduces spray drift to non-target areas Biopolymer carrier influences particle settling Lower application rates reduce copper aquatic loading Resistance Management Nano Copper contributes through: Single-site independent mechanism : Multi-target action means resistance virtually impossible (unlike DMI, QoI fungicides) Rotation strategy : Enables effective rotations with mode-of-action-diverse products Long-term sustainability : 100+ years of copper use without clinically significant resistance Economic Value Cost efficiency : Lower rates and reduced spray frequency Yield protection : Preventive control maintains quality and marketability Risk mitigation : Organic premiums of 15-50% justify investment Reduced application costs : Fewer spray rotations needed Future Agricultural Role Maintains productivity as global regulations tighten Bridges technology gap until new biotech solutions available Preserves organic agriculture systems Supports sustainable intensification on existing land Related Products Hydromax Anpeekay NPK Nano Boron Nano Calcium Nano Chitosan Nano Iron Nano Potassium Nano Magnesium More Products Resources Read all

Aspergillus oryzae is a filamentous fungus widely utilized in industrial and agricultural applications due to its enzymatic versatility. It plays a crucial role in food and beverage fermentation by producing amylases, cellulases, and proteases, which catalyze the breakdown of complex carbohydrates and proteins. In agriculture, A. oryzae is integral to composting processes, where its enzymatic activity accelerates the decomposition of organic matter, enhancing nutrient cycling and improving soil fertility. The ability of A. oryzae to convert agricultural waste into nutrient-rich compost makes it a critical component of sustainable farming practices and organic waste management, bridging industrial biotechnology and eco-friendly agricultural and environmental solutions. < Microbial Species Aspergillus oryzae Aspergillus oryzae is a filamentous fungus widely utilized in industrial and agricultural applications due to its enzymatic versatility. It plays a crucial role in food… Show More Strength 1 x 10⁸ CFU per gram / 1 x 10⁹ CFU per gram Product Enquiry Download Brochure Benefits Breaks down complex carbohydrates It produces enzymes that break down complex carbohydrates into simpler sugars, aiding in digestion and nutrient availability. Enhances enzyme activity in compost Aspergillus oryzae's enzymes can also enhance the breakdown of organic matter in composting, improving compost quality. Improves fermentation efficiency Aspergillus oryzae is known for its ability to enhance the fermentation process, particularly in food and beverage production. Increases nutrient availability By breaking down complex compounds, Aspergillus oryzae increases the availability of essential nutrients for plants and microorganisms. Dosage & Application Additional Info Scientific References Mode of Action FAQ Scientific References Sun et al., 2024. "Aspergillus oryzae as a Cell Factory: Research and Applications in Industrial Production," Journal of Fungi. Daba et al., 2021. "The ancient koji mold (Aspergillus oryzae) as a modern biotechnological tool," Bioresources and Bioprocessing. Mode of Action Aspergillus oryzae demonstrates a potent secretory system, efficiently secreting hydrolytic enzymes that catalyze the breakdown of complex substrates such as proteins, starches, lipids, cellulose, and pectins. The enzymes produced by Aspergillus oryzae are highly stable and active under various environmental conditions, making them highly effective for industrial-scale applications. Industrial Enzymes Produced by Aspergillus oryzae: Proteases: Crucial in food processing, pharmaceutical, and detergent industries, proteases from Aspergillus oryzae aid in protein hydrolysis, improving product texture and nutritional value. Amylases (α-amylase, glucoamylase): Widely used in food processing for starch hydrolysis and alcohol fermentation, enhancing efficiency and product quality. Lipases: Effective in enhancing flavor and aroma in dairy products, widely used in detergents and cosmetics. Cellulases and Pectinases: Essential for textile processing, fruit juice clarification, and biomass conversion into fermentable sugars. Additional Info Food Industry: Production of fermented foods, beverages, and enhanced texture and flavor of dairy products. Animal Feed: Improves nutrient absorption, digestion, and overall health in poultry, livestock, and aquaculture. Pharmaceuticals: Production of active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs), vitamins, and secondary metabolites. Detergent and Textile: Enhances cleaning power in detergents and improves textile processing efficiency. Available Forms: Water soluble powder, liquid suspensions Concentration: Optimized for industrial-scale enzyme production. Packaging: Customizable packaging sizes suitable for small-scale to bulk industrial applications Dosage & Application Industrial Applications: Solid-state Fermentation: 1-2 kg per ton of substrate Submerged Fermentation: 100-200 grams per cubic meter of fermentation broth Animal Feed: Poultry and Livestock: 0.1-0.5% inclusion rate in feed formulations Aquaculture: 0.2-0.4% inclusion rate in feed formulations Agricultural Applications: Composting: 500 grams - 1 kg per cubic meter of compost Soil Application: Mix 1-2 kg per hectare directly into the soil before planting Organic Waste Management: 1-2 kg per ton of organic waste material FAQ Is Aspergillus oryzae safe for food production? Yes, it is recognized as safe by the FDA (GRAS status) and extensively utilized globally in various food processing applications without adverse health effects. How does Aspergillus oryzae improve soil fertility? Aspergillus oryzae accelerates organic matter decomposition through its potent enzymatic activity, enhancing nutrient cycling, increasing soil nutrient availability, and promoting overall soil health. What makes Aspergillus oryzae enzymes effective under industrial conditions? Enzymes produced by Aspergillus oryzae demonstrate remarkable stability and catalytic efficiency across a broad range of temperatures, pH levels, and industrial conditions, making them ideal for diverse industrial applications. Can Aspergillus oryzae help reduce environmental pollution? Yes, its ability to efficiently break down organic wastes reduces waste volume and facilitates the recycling of nutrients, significantly contributing to eco-friendly waste management and reducing environmental pollution. Are there any specific storage requirements for Aspergillus oryzae products? Aspergillus oryzae products should be stored in a cool, dry place below 25°C, away from direct sunlight to preserve enzymatic activity, potency, and overall stability. Related Products Aspergillus niger Cellulomonas carate Cellulomonas gelida Cellulomonas uda More Products Resources Read all

Flavobacterium aquatile is an aquatic bacterium known for its role in nutrient cycling and organic matter decomposition in freshwater environments. It contributes to maintaining water quality by breaking down organic materials, such as carbohydrates and proteins, into bioavailable nutrients that support aquatic ecosystems. This bacterium also plays a role in wastewater treatment, aiding in the degradation of organic pollutants and reducing nutrient loads. Its ecological importance lies in its ability to enhance microbial diversity and stability in water systems, making it a valuable component in sustainable water management practices. < Microbial Species Flavobacter aquatile Flavobacterium aquatile is an aquatic bacterium known for its role in nutrient cycling and organic matter decomposition in freshwater environments. It contributes to maintaining water… Show More Strength 1 x 10⁹ CFU per gram / 1 x 10¹⁰ CFU per gram Product Enquiry Download Brochure Benefits Organic Matter Decomposition Breaks down organic matter in aquatic environments, improving water quality and nutrient cycling. Water Pollution Control Helps in the biodegradation of pollutants in freshwater systems, contributing to environmental cleanup efforts. Aquatic Ecosystem Health Plays a role in maintaining balanced microbial communities, promoting the health of aquatic ecosystems. Bioremediation of Contaminants Degrades various environmental contaminants, supporting bioremediation efforts in water bodies. Dosage & Application Additional Info Scientific References Mode of Action FAQ Scientific References Content coming soon! Mode of Action Content coming soon! Additional Info Contact us for more details Dosage & Application Contact us for more details FAQ Content coming soon! Related Products Saccharomyces cerevisiae Bacillus polymyxa Thiobacillus novellus Thiobacillus thiooxidans Alcaligenes denitrificans Bacillus licheniformis Bacillus macerans Citrobacter braakii More Products Resources Read all

< Animal Health Aquamin Aquamin is a specialized multi-mineral aquatic feed that is used for treating fishes & shrimps. It helps greatly in inducing moulting and maintains equilibrium in osmoregulation. Overall improvement in growth and survival rates of the treated fish. Product Enquiry Benefits Improves Moulting and Growth in Crustaceans Aids in proper moulting and supports shell development through an optimal mineral balance, improving growth and reducing deformities. Prevents Mineral Deficiencies and Health Issues Supplies essential minerals, nutrients, and amino acids required by fish and shrimp, helping to prevent loose shell, white muscle, muscle cramp, and imbalances in shell hardness. Strengthens Immunity and Osmoregulation Enhances immune response and supports a stable osmoregulation mechanism, helping aquatic species adapt to environmental fluctuations more effectively. Enhances Pond Productivity and Water Quality Optimizes feed conversion ratio, enriches both primary and secondary productivity, and helps maintain the ideal pH level in pond water to maximize overall aquaculture output. Component Amount per 100g Calcium 20% Phosphorus 12% Choline Chloride 1% Magnesium 5% Copper 0.10% Zinc 0.80% Manganese 0.12% Iodine 0.03% Iron 0.40% Cobalt 0.01% Selenium 0.00% Probiotics 3.5g Excipients add 100g Composition Dosage & Application Additional Info Dosage & Application Content coming soon! Additional Info Content coming soon! Related Products Piscicare Livcare Aquatract Aqua Energy Aqua Pro Probio Aqua More Products Resources Read all

Leading manufacturer and exporter of Nano Iron Fertilizer, enhancing crop yield and soil health with cutting-edge nanotechnology. Boost agriculture today! < Nano Fertilizers Nano Iron Nano iron particles encapsulated by a chitosan-based biopolymer, offering bioavailable iron for crucial biological functions in plants, such as photosynthesis, respiration, and enzyme activities. Product Enquiry Download Brochure Benefits Versatile Compatibility and Efficacy Nano Iron is compatible with all biofertilizers, chemical pesticides, fertilizers, micronutrients, plant growth regulators (PGRs), and botanicals. Additionally, it works effectively in both high and low temperatures, as well as high and low humidity conditions, making it suitable for diverse agricultural settings and climates. Stability in Sunlight It is highly photostable and does not oxidize in sunlight, ensuring its effectiveness even when exposed to sunlight during application. Supports Plant Functions Nano Iron aids in photosynthesis and respiration of plants, serving as an essential catalyst for various biological functions, which helps prevent leaf necrosis and interveinal chlorosis. Immediate Bioavailability Nano Iron's small particle size allows for immediate bioavailability, ensuring quick absorption by plants, thereby addressing iron deficiencies promptly. Component Percentage Aqua 70 Ferrous Sulfate 15 Citric Acid 15 Formic Acid 2.5 Lysine 3 Gelatin 0.25 PEG 6000 0.25 Xanthan Gum 0.03 Parabens 0.15 The nano iron formulation combines ferrous sulfate as the primary iron source with citric acid and formic acid as chelators and stabilizers. Lysine functions as a natural amino-acid chelate enhancing iron bioavailability, while gelatin provides a protein matrix for controlled release. PEG 6000 (polyethylene glycol) acts as a stabilizing surfactant, and xanthan gum imparts viscosity control. Parabens preserve formulation integrity during storage. The chitosan-based biopolymer encapsulation creates nano-scale particles (1-100 nm) that enhance penetration and minimize oxidation, resulting in superior plant uptake efficiency compared to conventional ferrous sulfate or synthetic iron chelates. Composition Dosage & Application Why choose this product Key Benefits Sustainability Advantage Additional Info FAQ Additional Info Safety for Applicators and Environment Toxicological Profile : Acute Toxicity : Low to negligible; LD50 >5,000 mg/kg (oral rat studies)—classified as non-toxic under EPA guidelines Skin Irritation : Non-irritant at recommended dilutions; allergen potential minimal due to chitosan biocompatibility Eye Irritation : Negligible; rinse with water if contact occurs Inhalation Hazard : Nano particles present minimal inhalation risk due to hydrophilic chitosan encapsulation; particles do not aerosolize significantly Reproductive/Developmental Toxicity : No evidence of teratogenicity or reproductive harm in animal studies Environmental Safety: Aquatic Toxicity : Non-toxic to fish, daphnia, algae at recommended field rates; biodegradation occurs within 7-14 days in aquatic systems Soil Persistence : Chitosan polymer fully biodegrades within 3-6 months; iron is naturally incorporated into soil iron pools Bioaccumulation Potential : Negligible; chitosan and ferrous ions are naturally occurring soil constituents Phytotoxicity : Non-phytotoxic at rates up to 10 liters/hectare; no adverse effects on non-target vegetation Special Safety Considerations Storage : Store at 4-25°C in original containers away from direct sunlight Shelf life: 24 months from manufacturing date Do not freeze; freezing may disrupt nano-particle encapsulation Application Precautions : Wear gloves and eye protection during application to avoid incidental contact Apply only to target plants; avoid contact with humans and animals Do not apply to water sources; maintain 3-meter buffer from water bodies Use low-pressure equipment to minimize drift Ideal pH for application: 5.5-7.5 (tap water); distilled water preferable for maximum stability Organic Certification : Nano iron derived from natural mineral sources and chitosan biopolymer Complies with IFOAM, OMRI, and most regional organic certification standards Approved for use in certified organic operations when applied per label instructions Worker Re-entry : No restricted entry interval (REI); safe for workers to re-enter treated areas immediately after application No personal protective equipment (PPE) required beyond standard glove use during mixing and application Compatibility Check Protocol : For new tank-mix combinations not listed above: Conduct a jar test: Mix 10 ml each of nano iron, the target product, and water in a 50 ml test tube Allow to sit for 15 minutes at ambient temperature Observe for: Separation of layers (indicates incompatibility) Cloudiness or precipitation (potential interaction) pH change >1 unit (possible chelation interference) If no visible changes occur, proceed with field-scale mixing at recommended rates Regulatory Compliance USA (EPA) : Registered as a fertilizer; exempt from fungicide registration under 40 CFR 152.25(f)(1) EU : Complies with Fertilizing Products Regulation (EU) 2019/1009 Canada : Registered fertilizer with CFIA India : Approved for sale under Fertilizer Control Order (FCO) Contact & Support For technical questions, crop-specific recommendations, or bulk ordering information, contact our agricultural specialists. IndoGulf BioAg's precision-engineered nano-fertilizer portfolio is formulated and developed in-house to maximize nutrient uptake and minimize environmental loss. Why choose this product? Superior Bioavailability Nano iron particles achieve 90-95% uptake efficiency, compared to 30-50% for traditional iron sulfate or chelated forms, due to nano-scale particle size enabling penetration through stomatal pores and root hair channels. Rapid Chlorosis Correction Foliar-applied nano iron restores green leaf coloration within 7-10 days, versus 14-21 days for conventional treatments, enabling faster photosynthetic recovery and minimized yield losses. Reduced Dosage and Cost Effective application rates of 100-200 g ha⁻¹ are 50-80% lower than traditional iron fertilizers (500-1,000 g ha⁻¹), substantially reducing input costs and labor expenses while improving return on investment. pH-Independent Availability Remains soluble and plant-available even in alkaline or calcareous soils (pH >7.5) where conventional iron forms precipitate and become unavailable, solving critical iron deficiency problems in high-pH environments. Uniform Coverage and Penetration Stable colloidal formulation minimizes drift during foliar application and ensures consistent distribution across leaves and soil, with nano-scale particles enhancing adhesion and penetration efficiency. Environmental Safety Biodegradable chitosan carriers and minimal leaching risk mitigate environmental contamination and soil accumulation, supporting sustainable and regenerative farming practices. Stress Tolerance Enhancement Iron nanoparticles enhance enzymatic antioxidant systems (catalase, polyphenol oxidase, superoxide dismutase), improving plant drought tolerance, disease resistance, and recovery under abiotic stress. Key Benefits at a Glance Benefit Impact Rapid Greening 7-10 days versus 14-21 days with conventional iron Uptake Efficiency 90-95% vs. 30-50% for iron sulfate/chelates Application Rate 100-200 g ha⁻¹ (50-80% lower than traditional forms) Soil pH Range pH 4.5-9.0; effective in alkaline soils where conventional forms fail Plant Height Increase 20-21% improvement at optimal dosage Chlorophyll Content 24-37% increase within 2-4 weeks of application Yield Enhancement 30-40% increase under optimal growing conditions Time to Market Faster crop maturity and earlier harvest readiness Sustainability Advantage Ecological Impact Reduction Nano iron technology delivers nutrients with precision, reducing overall fertilizer application rates by 50-80% compared to conventional iron sources. This dramatically lowers environmental runoff, groundwater contamination, and eutrophication risks in aquatic ecosystems. Biodegradable Formulation The chitosan-based polymer coating is naturally decomposed by soil microorganisms and plant enzymatic activity, leaving no persistent residues or toxic byproducts. Unlike synthetic chelates that may persist in soil, nano iron fully integrates into natural nutrient cycles. Soil Health Enhancement Reduced chemical load permits soil microbial communities to thrive, enhancing biological activity, organic matter decomposition, and nutrient cycling. Studies confirm that nano iron application maintains or improves long-term soil carbon storage and microbial diversity. Carbon Footprint Reduction Lower application rates translate to reduced transportation volume, packaging, and field labor requirements, collectively lowering the carbon footprint per hectare compared to conventional iron fertilizers requiring higher doses. Compliance with Organic Standards Nano iron formulations derived from natural mineral and biopolymer sources are compatible with organic farming certification guidelines, supporting regenerative agriculture and premium market positioning. Climate Resilience Enhanced iron availability strengthens enzymatic defense systems in plants, improving tolerance to drought, heat stress, and extreme weather events—critical advantages in climate-vulnerable regions. Dosage & Application Foliar Spray (Recommended for Rapid Response) Rate : 2-3 liters per hectare diluted in 500-750 liters of water (2-3 split doses) Timing : Early morning (6-8 AM) or late afternoon (4-6 PM) to avoid UV degradation and maximize stomatal opening for uptake Frequency : 1-2 applications during active vegetative growth or at first visible signs of interveinal chlorosis; repeat every 10-14 days if symptoms persist Method : Use low-pressure spraying equipment to ensure uniform leaf coverage on both adaxial and abaxial surfaces; avoid runoff Adjuvants : Add 0.1% non-ionic surfactant to enhance leaf adhesion and penetration Soil Drench (For Long-term Availability) Rate : 2-3 liters per hectare applied in irrigation water or as directed drenching Timing : Pre-planting soil incorporation or mid-season root zone application at early vegetative stage (4-6 leaf stage in cereals, pre-flowering in legumes) Method : Integrate with drip or sprinkler irrigation systems to target the rhizosphere directly, or manually drench soil within 15 cm of the stem base Frequency : Single application at planting or 1-2 applications during critical growth windows (tillering in cereals, flowering in horticultural crops) Seed Treatment (For Seedling Vigor) Rate : 5-10 ml per kg of seed Method : Mix nano iron with seed coating suspension or apply as a diluted slurry (1:10 ratio with water), coat seeds uniformly, and dry in shade before sowing Benefit : Enhances seedling emergence vigor, root development during early growth, and iron uptake during the critical phase when nodulation begins in legumes Crop-Specific Application Schedule Crop Liters/Hectare Growth Stage Frequency Method Alfalfa 2 Early vegetative, pre-bloom 2 applications Foliar + soil drench Barley 3 V4-V6, tillering 1-2 applications Foliar (primary) Peas 7 V4-V6, flowering 2 applications Foliar + soil drench Potato 9 Tuber set, stolon development 2-3 applications Soil drench preferred Corn 2 V4-V6, tasseling 1-2 applications Foliar or soil Oats 10 Boot to heading 2 applications Foliar + soil Wheat 5 Z13-Z25 (Zadok's scale) 1-2 applications Foliar (boot stage) Soybean 5-7 V4-V6, flowering 2 applications Foliar (primary) Rice 6 Tillering + booting 2 applications Foliar or soil drench Citrus/Fruit Trees 4-5 Pre-bloom + post-bloom 2-3 applications Soil drench preferred Vegetables (general) 3-5 V4-V6, pre-flowering 2 applications Foliar or soil drench Grapes 4 Pre-bloom + flowering 2 applications Soil drench FAQ 1. What is the composition of the Nano Iron? Nano iron contains ferrous sulfate (15%) as the primary iron source, combined with citric acid (15%) and formic acid (2.5%) as chelators and stabilizers. Lysine (3%) serves as a natural amino-acid chelate enhancing bioavailability, while gelatin (0.25%) and PEG 6000 (0.25%) provide a protein matrix and surfactant stabilization. Xanthan gum (0.03%) controls viscosity, and parabens (0.15%) preserve formulation integrity. The active ingredients are encapsulated in a chitosan-based biopolymer that creates nano-scale particles (1-100 nm), dramatically improving plant uptake efficiency and preventing rapid oxidation. The carrier comprises 70% aqua (water). This carefully balanced formula ensures iron remains soluble and bioavailable across a broad soil pH range (4.5-9.0), making it highly effective even in alkaline or calcareous soils where conventional iron fertilizers fail. 2. How should I apply the Nano Iron fertilizer? Nano iron offers flexible application methods tailored to crop and growing conditions: Foliar Application (Recommended for rapid chlorosis correction): Dilute 2-3 liters in 500-750 liters water Apply early morning (6-8 AM) or late afternoon (4-6 PM) to avoid UV damage Target both leaf surfaces with low-pressure spraying Perform 1-2 split applications 10-14 days apart during vegetative growth Effects visible within 7-10 days Soil Drench (For sustained nutrient availability): Integrate 2-3 liters per hectare with irrigation water Apply at early growth stages (4-6 leaf stage in cereals) or mid-season Target the rhizosphere (root zone) for maximum absorption Use with drip systems or hand-drenching near the stem base Optimal for perennial crops and fruit trees Seed Treatment (For seedling vigor): Coat 5-10 ml per kg of seed with nano iron suspension Mix with crude sugar or gelatin coating slurry (1:10) Dry in shade and sow immediately Enhances root development and nodulation in legumes Critical Timing Guidelines : Apply foliar sprays at first signs of interveinal chlorosis Soil drench applications should coincide with major nutrient uptake periods (tillering, pre-flowering, tuber set) For best results, use split applications rather than a single large dose Avoid application during extreme heat (>30°C) or within 48 hours of rain 3. What crops/plant types will benefit most from Nano Iron fertilization? Nano iron delivers benefits across diverse crop categories, with particular advantage in iron-deficient scenarios: Highly Responsive Crops : Legumes : Soybeans, chickpeas, lentils, alfalfa, peas, and fava beans—iron is critical for nodule formation and nitrogen fixation Cereals : Wheat, rice, barley, oats, and corn—especially in calcareous or high-pH soils prone to iron deficiency chlorosis (IDC) Tree Crops : Citrus, apples, grapes, almonds, pistachios, and olive trees—often grown in alkaline soils where conventional iron becomes unavailable High-Value Vegetables : Tomatoes, peppers, cucumbers, spinach, lettuce, and carrots—nano iron improves quality, color, and shelf life Fruit Crops : Strawberries, blueberries, raspberries—sensitive to iron deficiency; nano iron enhances fruit color and anthocyanin content Root and Tuber Crops : Potatoes, sugar beets—iron supports enzyme function during tuber/root development Oil Seeds : Canola, sunflower, peanuts—nano iron increases oil content and protein quality Moderately Responsive Crops : Maize, sorghum, millet, sunflower, cotton Specific Scenarios Requiring Nano Iron : Alkaline/Calcareous Soils (pH >7.5): Where iron becomes chemically fixed and unavailable to plants Over-limed Fields : Excessive lime application reduces iron solubility High-Organic-Matter Soils : Iron complexation with organic compounds can reduce plant availability Waterlogged Conditions : Some soils create anaerobic conditions that increase iron to toxic levels, requiring nano iron for precise, controlled delivery Seedling Production : Nurseries and tissue culture operations benefit from nano iron in propagation media Geographic/Climatic Priority Regions : Mediterranean basin and subtropical regions with calcareous soils Semi-arid regions prone to iron deficiency chlorosis (IDC) in soybean, corn High-rainfall regions where iron leaching occurs Areas with groundwater high in bicarbonate (reducing iron availability) 4. What are the expected benefits of using Nano Iron? Nano iron delivers comprehensive agronomic, nutritional, and economic benefits: Growth and Yield Benefits : Plant Height : 20-21% increase within 4-6 weeks of application Biomass Production : 30-48% increase in total dry weight under optimal conditions Leaf Development : Broader, thicker leaves with enhanced light capture Tillering/Branching : 18% increase in tiller number (cereals), improved lateral branching (fruits, vegetables) Seed/Fruit Yield : 30-40% increase compared to untreated controls; in soybean under drought, up to 40% yield increase 100-Seed Weight : 18% improvement in grain crops Biological Yield : 27% increase in cereals; 33% improvement in sugarcane Photosynthetic and Physiological Improvements : Chlorophyll Content : 24-37% increase in chlorophyll a, b, and total chlorophyll within 2-4 weeks Photosynthetic Rate : Enhanced light-dependent reactions through improved electron transport chains Respiration Enhancement : Increased enzyme activity in Krebs cycle (succinate dehydrogenase, aconitase), boosting cellular energy production Enzyme Activity : 60-65% increase in essential enzymes (catalase, polyphenol oxidase, superoxide dismutase) Drought Tolerance : 21-24% improvement in plant height under 40% field capacity water stress Quality and Nutritional Improvements : Protein Content : 13% increase in seed protein (rice, pulses); 30-46% in crude protein (vegetables) Oil Content : 10.14% increase in soybean oil production under drought; significant boosts in canola and sunflower Micronutrient Content : 25-50% increase in iron, zinc, manganese, copper concentrations in seeds/fruits Carbohydrate Levels : 15-25% improvement in total soluble sugars (fruits, vegetables) Fruit Quality : Enhanced color intensity, shelf life extension, reduced post-harvest decay Essential Oil Production : 50-60% increase in aromatic crops (peppermint, coriander) Stress Tolerance Benefits : Drought Tolerance : Iron nanoparticles enhance osmotic adjustment and non-enzymatic antioxidants, enabling plant survival during water stress Heat Stress Mitigation : Stabilized chlorophyll levels and maintained enzyme function under high temperatures Disease Resistance : Enhanced production of phenolic compounds and systemic acquired resistance (SAR), reducing pathogen pressure Cadmium/Heavy Metal Tolerance : Iron nanoparticles compete with toxic metals for root uptake channels, reducing bioaccumulation Oxidative Stress Relief : 7-10 fold increase in catalase activity, reducing hydrogen peroxide accumulation Soil and Environmental Benefits : Soil pH Stability : Nano iron effectiveness ranges pH 4.5-9.0, buffering soil pH changes Microbial Activity : Supports beneficial soil microbe populations, enhancing organic matter decomposition Nutrient Cycling : Iron facilitates electron transport in soil microbes, enhancing nitrogen and phosphorus availability Reduced Nutrient Losses : Nano iron's controlled-release mechanism minimizes leaching compared to conventional fertilizers Environmental Safety : 50-80% reduction in iron fertilizer input reduces groundwater contamination and eutrophication risks Economic Returns : Reduced Input Costs : 50-80% lower application rate (100-200 g ha⁻¹ vs. 500-1,000 g ha⁻¹) translates to direct savings Labor Efficiency : Fewer applications required; split doses reduce field passes Yield Premiums : Enhanced quality (color, protein, micronutrients) supports premium market positioning Reduced Crop Loss : Rapid chlorosis correction (7-10 days) minimizes yield damage from iron deficiency Long-term Soil Investment : Improved microbial and structural stability reduces fertilizer dependency over seasons Visible Results Timeline : Week 1 : Leaf color stabilization (cessation of further yellowing) Week 2 : New green tissue development; 50% color restoration Week 3-4 : Full chlorophyll restoration; visible growth acceleration Week 6-8 : Yield component improvement; seed/fruit size increase 5. What are the compatibility and safety issues? Nano iron demonstrates high compatibility with most agricultural inputs while maintaining excellent safety profiles: Compatibility with Agricultural Chemicals Compatible with : Bio-fertilizers : Azospirillum, Bacillus megaterium, Bradyrhizobium species—nano iron enhances nutrient solubilization by supporting microbial activity Biofungicides : Trichoderma harzianum, Beauveria bassiana—no chemical antagonism observed; beneficial microbes are not harmed Bio-pesticides : Spinosad, neem oil, botanical extracts—synergistic disease control and nutrient uptake improvement reported Plant Growth Regulators : Gibberellins, auxins, cytokinins—nano iron enhances hormone efficacy and uptake NPK and Macronutrient Fertilizers : Urea, ammonium nitrate, phosphate fertilizers—nano iron improves overall nutrient efficiency without antagonism Other Nano-Fertilizers : Nano zinc, nano boron, nano copper, nano phosphorus—no chemical interactions; tank-mixing is common practice Chelated Micronutrients : Zn-EDTA, Cu-EDTA, Mn-EDTA—nano iron does not displace or antagonize other chelated forms Moderately Compatible (Requires Sequential Application): Broad-spectrum Fungicides : Carbendazim, thiram—apply nano iron 5-7 days before or after to prevent potential oxidative interactions Oxidizing Agents : Permanganate-based products—apply nano iron separately with 3-5 day intervals Synthetic Chelate-Heavy Formulations : Very high concentrations of Fe-EDDHA or similar chelates may show marginal antagonism; maintain 10:1 ratio of nano iron to synthetic chelates Incompatible (Avoid Tank-Mixing): High-pH Alkaline Products (pH >9): Lime slurry, sodium hydroxide—reduces nano iron stability; apply sequentially with 7-10 day gap Strong Oxidizing Biocides : Chlorine-based disinfectants—denatures chitosan polymer; apply nano iron before biocide treatment Highly Acidic Formulations (pH <3): May hydrolyze gelatin encapsulation; dilute separately before application Heavy-Metal-Based Pesticides : Lead arsenate, mercury fungicides (banned in most regions)—potential bioaccumulation risk Related Products Hydromax Anpeekay NPK Nano Boron Nano Calcium Nano Chitosan Nano Copper Nano Potassium Nano Magnesium More Products Resources Read all

< Plant Protect Flyban A biological larvicide derived from naturally-occurring soil bacteria, Bacillus thuringiensis var Israelensis, effectively controlling larvae populations. Product Enquiry Download Brochure Benefits Wide Application FlyBan works in swamps, ponds, ditches, and various water sources, controlling larvae in multiple environments. Reduces Chemical Pesticide Use FlyBan supports mosquito management programs, reducing reliance on chemical pesticides for a safer environment. Non-Toxic to Non-Target Species FlyBan is non-toxic to aquatic life, honey bees, cattle, wildlife, and humans, making it safe for ecosystems. Effective Mosquito Larvae Control FlyBan effectively controls mosquito larvae, including Culex, Anopheles, and Aedes species, reducing the mosquito population. Composition Amount Bacillus thuringiensis var. israelensis spores (Viable Spore count: 30 x 106 ml min., Potency: 630 ITU/mg min.) 5.0% min. Delta endotoxin 2.0% min. Sodium Alginate 2.0% max. Glycerol 20.0% max. Liquid Paraffin 10.0% max. Citric Acid 0.1% max. Sodium Benzoate 0.2% max Congo Red 0.5% max. Water (sterilized) Q.S. Total 100.0% Composition Dosage & Application Key Benefits FAQ Additional Info Additional Info FlyBan is used as an effective mosquito larvicide product against Culex spp , Anopheles spp and Aedes spp . Larvicides are more effective and less toxic than adult mosquito sprays Adult mosquitoes lay eggs in stagnant water causing larvae proliferation which grow into adults. These adults are the carriers of dengue, malaria and chikungunya diseases. FlyBan can be used effectively in many types of breeding sites such as fresh water, swamps, marshes, wells, drains, ditches, sewage lagoons, ponds, marshy pastures, creeks, river and streams. FlyBan is non-toxic to non-target aquatic life, honey bees, cattle, wild life and human beings. FlyBan is available as a liquid formulation Shelf Life & Packaging Storage: Store in a cool, dry place at room temperature Shelf Life: 24 months from the date of manufacture at room temperature Packaging: 500 ml / 1 litre bottle FAQ Product Overview & Basics What is Flyban and how does it work? Flyban is a biological larvicide derived from naturally-occurring soil bacteria, Bacillus thuringiensis var. israelensis (Bti) . It is a naturally occurring soil bacterium discovered in Israel's Negev Desert in 1977. The product contains viable spores with a spore count of 30 x 10⁶ ml minimum and potency of 630 ITU/mg minimum. When mosquito larvae ingest Bti crystals in water, the alkaline environment of their digestive system dissolves these crystalline structures, releasing four major protoxins: Cry4Aa, Cry4Ba, Cry11Aa, and Cyt1Aa. These activated toxins bind to specific receptors on the mosquito's midgut epithelial cells, creating pores that cause cell destruction, gut paralysis, and ultimately death within 24-48 hours. What larvae can Flyban control? Flyban specifically targets the larval stages of: indogulfbioag+1 Mosquitoes (Aedes, Anopheles, and Culex species) Black flies (Simulium species) Fungus gnats (Bradysia species) Non-biting midges (Chironomus species) Other aquatic Diptera with similar larval biology What are the key benefits of using Flyban? The primary benefits include: indogulfbioag+2 Extreme specificity : Only affects target insect larvae, leaving non-target organisms unharmed Environmental safety : Breaks down within days to weeks; no persistence in soil or water No resistance development : Over 36 years of use in Germany with no detectable resistance indogulfbioag Cost-effective production : Can utilize waste materials in fermentation processes Organic certification : Approved for use in certified organic farming operations indogulfbioag+1 Multi-toxin strategy : Contains four different toxins targeting different receptors, making resistance evolution extremely difficult indogulfbioag Safety & Health Concerns Is Flyban safe for humans? Yes, Flyban poses no risk to human health . The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) has extensively tested Bti and concluded it does not pose health risks to people. Key safety features include: epa+2 No toxicity when ingested, inhaled, or absorbed through skin Approved for organic farming operations Safe for drinking water supplies with negligible exposure risk Only mild eye or skin irritation may occur with direct contact to concentrated products This safety is because Bti toxins only activate in the alkaline environment of the digestive systems of specific insects. The acidic stomachs of humans and animals do not activate Bti toxins. gdg+1 Is Flyban safe for pets and livestock? Absolutely. Flyban demonstrates excellent safety for animals: Non-toxic to mammals, birds, amphibians, and reptiles Safe for fish—studies show no adverse effects on various fish species even at high concentrations No impact on livestock or grazing animals Laboratory studies confirm safety across multiple animal species Is Flyban safe for beneficial insects like honeybees? Yes, Flyban is completely safe for honeybees and beneficial pollinators: indogulfbioag Non-toxic to honeybees and other beneficial pollinators Does not harm bee larvae or affect hive health Provides a safe alternative to chemical insecticides that often harm bee populations Safe for all non-target organisms due to its extreme specificity Can Flyban contaminate drinking water? No. Registered products containing Bti are safe for drinking water supplies: canada+3 Label restrictions permit application only to aquatic sites where mosquito and black fly larvae are found Bti can be used for pest control in organic farming operations Following review of human health risk assessments, health agencies have determined that products containing Bti do not pose health risks to humans or other mammals Direct application to treated, finished drinking water is not considered acceptable practice, but water used for other purposes remains safe The risk of exposure through drinking water is negligible gdg Application & Effectiveness How should Flyban be applied? Flyban can be applied using several methods: doh.wa+1 Liquid Formulations : Mix at recommended doses (0.5-1 ml per square meter of water body) and apply as a spray using spray equipment or a backpack blower for large areas. Granular/Briquette Formulations : Can be spread directly over water surfaces or dropped into water bodies. Application Methods : Ultra-low volume (ULV) applications using specialized aircraft Truck-mounted equipment for roadside ditches and drainage areas Backpack sprayers for small areas and targeted applications Hand applications using granules or dunks in containers and water features Dosage Recommendations : indogulfbioag Foliar Application: 0.5-1 ml per square meter of water body 1 Acre dose: 2-4 L 1 Hectare dose: 5-10 L Use lower doses for cleaner water and higher doses for polluted water bodies Apply at 1-2 week intervals How effective is Flyban at killing mosquito larvae? Flyban is highly effective: pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih+3 Studies have shown that Bti can kill 90-100% of larvae within 24-48 hours at effective concentrations - pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih+1 Some Bti formulations achieve 91-100% larval mortality within 24 hours- pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih Semi-field trials show consistent effectiveness across different dosages Bti was shown to be highly effective at very low dosage rates—as low as 0.2 kg/ha against Anopheles larvae- pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih Highest effectiveness (96-100%) achieved at optimal concentrations, even with 3rd and 4th instar larvae- pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih How long do es Flyb an remain effective? The duration of effectiveness depends on environmental conditions and formulation type: - pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih+2 Liquid formulations: Typically 1-2 weeks in moderately polluted water; shorter in highly polluted water Granular formulations: Up to one month or longer under certain conditions Field persistence: 35 days observed in moderately polluted water bodies compared to 21 days in highly polluted water - pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih Bti breaks down quickly in the environment and may need to be reapplied regularly to obtain adequate mosquito control Megadoses of dry formulations can provide residual control through 11 weeks in small containers - pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih What is the optimal application timing? Timing is critical for Flyban effectiveness: - emtoscipublisher+1 Apply Bti during peak larval hatching periods to maximize effectiveness Early morning or late afternoon applications are preferable Apply during dry weather —avoid application if rain is forecast within 24 hours Milder temperatures are preferable for application, as extreme heat may reduce effectiveness For continuous control, apply every 7-14 days during peak breeding seasons Avoid application during extreme temperature conditions What water conditions affect Flyban's effectiveness? Water quality significantly impacts Bti effectiveness: - pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih+1 Effectiveness is influenced by water temperature, sunlight, and vegetation coverage Cleaner water bodies : Lower doses are effective; use 1-2 ppm (parts per million) Polluted water bodies : Higher doses are required for comparable effectiveness Organic content in water can reduce Bti penetration and effectiveness In laboratory conditions, Bti deposition and effectiveness are more predictable In field conditions, natural environmental factors create variable results Resistance & Long-term Use Can mosquitoes develop resistance to Flyban? No documented resistance has been observed:- emtoscipublisher+2 Research spanning decades shows remarkably low resistance development to Bti No significant field resistance has been detected after decades of use Laboratory studies show only modest resistance development (2-3 fold) after intensive selection 36 years of use in Germany with no detectable resistance in Aedes vexans populations - - emtoscipublisher+1 Over 189 generations of mosquitoes treated in Germany with no resistance development Why is Flyban resistant to resistance development? Several factors prevent resistance development:- emtoscipublisher+2 Multi-toxin strategy : Bti contains four different toxins (Cry4Aa, Cry4Ba, Cry11Aa, and Cyt1Aa) targeting different receptors, making simultaneous resistance evolution extremely difficult Complex mode of action : The requirement for specific gut pH (10-11), multiple receptors, and protein activation creates multiple barriers to resistance No single target : Unlike chemical insecticides, Bti's multiple mechanisms prevent simple genetic mutations from conferring resistance Synergistic Cyt1Aa mechanism : Acts as a surrogate receptor and prevents resistance by targeting different membrane components What is the recommended resistance management strategy? Proactive resistance management strategies include: - emtoscipublisher+1 Rotation with other biological agents like Bacillus sphaericus to create alternative selective pressures Combination products that mix multiple active ingredients Monitoring programs using sensitive detection methods to identify early resistance signals Integrated pest management approaches combining multiple control strategies with Flyban Habitat modification to reduce mosquito breeding sites and application pressure Environmental Impact Q16: What is the environmental impact of Flyba n ? Extensive research spanning over four decades confirms Flyban's environmental safety: - indogulfbioag+2 Rapidly biodegradable—breaks down within days to weeks after application No persistence in soil or water systems Minimal impact on non-target organisms including beneficial insects Does not affect food crops when applied safely Does not harm water supplies or non-target wildlife The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency categorizes the risks posed by Bti strains to non-target organisms as minimal to non-existent - canada Are there any concerns about non-target organisms? While Bti is highly specific to target mosquito species, some research has identified potential impacts on non-target Diptera: - nature Chironomid midges (non-biting midges) show increased sensitivity to Bti, particularly early larval instars First-instar Chironomus riparius larvae are approximately 100-fold more sensitive than fourth-instar larvae - nature Operational field dosages may reduce chironomid emergence rates by approximately 50% - emtoscipublisher In worst-case acute toxicity scenarios, the risk ratio for first-instar chironomids significantly exceeds acceptable regulatory thresholds- nature However, field studies show variable results—some detecting reductions while others find no effects- nature Can Flyban be used on agricultural crops? Yes, Flyban can be safely used in agricultural settings: - indogulfbioag+1 No impact on food crops—can be applied safely without contaminating produce Water supply protection—safe for use in drinking water sources Organic certification—approved for use in certified organic farming Safe for use in greenhouse environments against fungus gnat larvae Particularly useful for pest control in aquaculture systems Disease Control Applications Can Flyban help control disease-carrying mosquitoes? Yes. Flyban has been shown to be effective in controlling mosquitoes that transmit diseases: - indogulfbioag+1 Dengue fever : Controls Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus, which transmit dengue, Zika virus, and chikungunya Malaria : Controls Anopheles species mosquitoes West Nile virus : Controls Culex species Onchocerciasis (River blindness) : Controls black fly vectors Other diseases : Controls vector species for filarial parasites and livestock diseases Has Flyban been used in public mosquito control programs? Yes, extensively: - indogulfbioag+1 Massachusetts, Pennsylvania, Maryland, and Michigan regularly conduct Bti spraying programs Miami-Dade County used aerial Bti during the 2016 Zika outbreak to break transmission cycles Germany has operated a mosquito control program using Bti since 1981, treating approximately 189 generations of mosquitoes Bti has been deployed in dengue control programs in Malaysia with documented reductions in dengue cases Area-wide aerial applications have been successfully conducted in residential neighborhoods across northeastern USA Storage, Handling & Preparation How should Flyban be stored? Proper storage maintains product viability: - indogulfbioag Store in a cool, dark place to preserve bacterial viability Protect from direct sunlight Maintain appropriate temperature conditions (typically between 2-25°C) Do not store mixed solutions for more than 24 hours after mixing with water - indogulfbioag Follow the manufacturer's storage instructions on the product label Keep away from extreme temperatures that could damage spores What precautions should be taken when handling Flyban? Safety measures when handling Flyban include: indogulfbioag Personal Protective Equipment : Avoid breathing dust from granular formulations Wear protective clothing including eye protection and gloves Use dust masks when handling concentrated products Follow all label instructions carefully Wash hands thoroughly after handling Prevent contact with eyes and skin from concentrated formulations How should Flyban be mixed for application? Proper mixing ensures maximum effectiveness: indogulfbioag Mix Bacillus thuringiensis israelensis at recommended doses in sufficient water For foliar spray applications: Mix 0.5-1 ml per square meter of water body Stir thoroughly to ensure even distribution Critical : Do not store mixed solution for more than 24 hours—degradation begins immediately After 8 hours of being mixed with water, effectiveness decreases significantly Mix only the amount needed for each application to maximize potency What should I do if I'm accidentally exposed to Flyban? Exposure is generally not a concern: indogulfbioag Members of the public are unlikely to experience any symptoms if inadvertently exposed to Bti use No special precautions are necessary or required for general populations In the unlikely event of eye or skin irritation from concentrated products, wash thoroughly with water For ingestion concerns, contact a poison control center or healthcare provider (though toxicity is not expected) Occupational exposure in manufacturing settings requires standard microbiological safety practices Product Composition & Technical Details What is the composition of Flyban? Flyban's formulation includes the following key components: indogulfbioag+1 Bacillus thuringiensis var. israelensis spores : 5.0% minimum (Viable Spore count: 30 x 10⁶ ml min., Potency: 630 ITU/mg min.) Delta endotoxin : 2.0% minimum Sodium Alginate : 2.0% maximum (helps with formulation stability) Glycerol : 20.0% maximum (preservative and stabilizer) Liquid Paraffin : 10.0% maximum (carrier) Citric Acid : 0.1% maximum (pH control) Sodium Benzoate : 0.2% maximum (preservative) Congo Red : 0.5% maximum (tracer dye) Water (sterilized) : Quantity sufficient to complete formulation What are ITUs and why are they important? ITU stands for International Toxic Units , a measure of Bti potency: nature Field application rates for mosquito control in areas like the Upper Rhine Valley are typically fixed at 1,440 or 2,880 ITU/L These standardized units allow for consistent dosing across different Bti products Potency can vary between formulations, making ITU measurements essential for comparing products Higher ITU concentrations allow for more precise dosing in different water conditions What is the difference between WDG and liquid formulations? Different Flyban formulations serve different purposes: valentbiosciences+2 Water Dispersible Granules (WDG) : Dry powder that mixes with water; offers longer storage stability and easier handling for some applications Liquid formulations : Ready-to-use suspensions; optimal for spray applications and rapid deployment Soluble Liquid formulation : 4,100 ITU per milligram with 1 x 10⁸ CFU per gram indogulfbioag Both formulations are equally effective when applied at recommended rates Selection depends on application method, storage conditions, and user preference Comparison & Integration How does Flyban compare to chemical larvicides? Compared to chemical larvicides like temephos and diflubenzuron: imlresearch+1 Flyban (Bti) : Environmentally safe, no resistance development, specific to target pests, safe for all non-target organisms Temephos : Chemical insecticide with potential mortality rates up to 100% but risk of resistance development and environmental concerns Diflubenzuron : Works by inhibiting chitin synthesis but lacks the specificity and safety profile of Bti Key advantage : Bti's multi-toxin approach makes resistance virtually impossible, unlike chemical alternatives Can Flyban be combined with other pest control methods? Yes, Flyban integrates well with comprehensive Integrated Pest Management (IPM) programs: emtoscipublisher+2 Can be rotated with other biological agents like Bacillus sphaericus Can be combined in products that mix multiple active ingredients Works alongside source reduction (eliminating breeding sites) Compatible with adult mosquito control methods when necessary Integrates with public education and community engagement strategies May be combined with chemical agents in certain formulations for enhanced effectiveness Are there alternative biological control products available alongside Flyban? Yes, other biological agents can complement Flyban: indogulfbioag+1 Bacillus sphaericus : Often combined with Bti to enhance effectiveness against various mosquito species and provide resistance management Wolbachia bacteria : For population suppression and disease transmission blocking Entomopathogenic fungi : Like Beauveria bassiana for alternative biological control Modern technologies : Sterile Insect Technique (SIT), Attractive Targeted Sugar Baits (ATSBs), and autodissemination systems Key Benefits Content coming soon! Dosage & Application Dosage: 0.5 – 1ml per square meter of water body Recommended dosage is for guideline purpose only. More effective application rates may exist depending on specific circumstances. Related Products Trichoderma viride Beauveria bassiana Bloom Up Insecta Repel Larvicare Mealycare Metarhzium Anisopliae Mitimax More Products Resources Read all

< Animal Health Calf Pro A combination of natural ingredients that supports a healthy gut for better Product Enquiry Benefits Stimulates Immunity and Reduces Antibiotic Dependency Enhances the immune system naturally, reducing the need for antibiotics and supporting overall calf health. Supplies Essential Nutrients for Growth Provides a beneficial mix of macro and micronutrients that support development, digestion, and overall performance enhancement. Supports Healthy Gut Microflora Helps maintain a balanced microbial environment in the gut while eliminating harmful pathogenic bacteria. Controls Diarrhea and Enhances Intestinal Function Aids in managing digestive disturbances and promotes improved intestinal activity for better nutrient absorption. Component Amount per kg Bioactive Chromium 65 mg Calcium 240 g Phosphorus 120 g Magnesium 2.11 g Zinc 2.13 g Copper 312 mg Cobalt 45 mg Iron 1000 mg Iodine 160 mg DL-Methionine 2.00 g L-Lysine 4.00 g Protein Hydrolysate 4.00 g Composition Dosage & Application Additional Info Dosage & Application Content coming soon! Additional Info Content coming soon! Related Products Stress Pro Camel Care Pro Cattle Care Max Cattle Care Pro Feed Pro Grass Mask Lactomine Pro Lactomix Mineral Max Pastocare More Products Resources Read all

Serratia marcescens is a highly adaptable Gram-negative bacterium renowned for its diverse metabolic capabilities and significant applications across environmental sustainability, agriculture, and biotechnology. This remarkable microorganism is characterized by its ability to produce prodigiosin, a vibrant red pigment, and its effectiveness in promoting plant health and bioremediating various pollutants. < Microbial Species Serratia marcescens Serratia marcescens is a highly versatile and adaptable bacterium with a wide range of applications in environmental sustainability, agriculture, and biotechnology. Its unique metabolic capabilities… Show More Strength 1 x 10⁸ CFU per gram / 1 x 10⁹ CFU per gram Product Enquiry Download Brochure Benefits Biofilm Formation for Long-term Protection Forms biofilms on roots, providing long-term protection against nematodes. Plant Growth Stimulation Stimulates plant growth through the production of auxins. Enzymatic Degradation of Nematode Cuticles Produces extracellular enzymes that degrade nematode cuticles, facilitating invasion and subsequent parasitism. Versatility in Bioremediation Exhibits metabolic capabilities useful in bioremediation processes. Dosage & Application Additional Info Scientific References Mode of Action FAQ Scientific References Application of Serratia marcescens RZ-21 significantly enhances ..., accessed April 24, 2025, https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25640613/ The man, the plant, and the insect: shooting host specificity determinants in Serratia marcescens pangenome - Frontiers, accessed April 24, 2025, https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/microbiology/articles/10.3389/fmicb.2023.1211999/full Chitinase from a Novel Strain of Serratia marcescens JPP1 for ..., accessed April 24, 2025, https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC4000942/ The chitinase of Serratia marcescens - Canadian Science Publishing, accessed April 24, 2025, https://cdnsciencepub.com/doi/10.1139/m69-122 Influence of Serratia marcescens TRS-1 on growth promotion and induction of resistance in Camellia sinensis against Fomes lamaoensis - Taylor & Francis Online, accessed April 24, 2025, https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/pdf/10.1080/17429140903551738 A Review on Biocontrol Agents as Sustainable Approach for Crop Disease Management: Applications, Production, and Future Perspectives - MDPI, accessed April 24, 2025, https://www.mdpi.com/2311-7524/10/8/805 The endophytic bacterial entomopathogen Serratia marcescens promotes plant growth and improves resistance against Nilaparvata lugens in rice - ResearchGate, accessed April 24, 2025, https://www.researchgate.net/publication/357428011_The_endophytic_bacterial_entomopathogen_Serratia_marcescens_promotes_plant_growth_and_improves_resistance_against_Nilaparvata_lugens_in_rice Mode of Action Biofilm Formation for Long-term Protection: Forms biofilms on plant roots providing sustained protection against nematodes 1 and potentially enhancing nutrient uptake. Plant Growth Stimulation: Stimulates plant growth through the production of auxins (like IAA) , siderophores 40 , and by enhancing nutrient availability, particularly phosphorus and zinc. Enzymatic Degradation of Nematode Cuticles: Produces extracellular enzymes, including chitinases , that degrade nematode cuticles, facilitating invasion and parasitism by beneficial organisms or directly impacting harmful nematodes. Versatility in Bioremediation: Exhibits metabolic capabilities useful in a wide range of bioremediation processes, effectively breaking down various environmental pollutants. Enhancement of Stress Tolerance: Helps plants withstand various environmental stresses, including drought and salinity, by inducing stress tolerance mechanisms and modulating osmoprotectant levels. Additional Info Target Pests: Effective against various soil-borne pests and pathogens, including Fusarium and Rhizoctonia , and certain foliar pests like aphids. Recommended Crops: Suitable for a wide range of crops, including tomatoes , bananas, rice, cucumbers, peppers, sorghum, wheat , strawberries , and many others. Compatibility: Compatible with Bio Pesticides, Bio Fertilizers, and Plant growth hormones but not with chemical fertilizers and chemical pesticides. Research suggests compatibility with Trichoderma species. Shelf Life: Stable within 1 year from the date of manufacturing. Packing: We offer tailor-made packaging as per customer requirements. Dosage & Application The water-soluble powder formulation of Serratia marcescens is designed for ease of use and maximum efficacy across various applications, including bioremediation, pest control, nutrient cycling, and agricultural support. Follow the instructions below to ensure optimal results. General Guidelines Preparation :Dissolve the required quantity of S. marcescens powder in clean, non-chlorinated water. Chlorinated water may reduce bacterial activity. Use a container or tank with adequate mixing capability to ensure the powder dissolves evenly. Activation Time :Allow the solution to sit for 15-30 minutes after mixing to activate the microbial population before application. Application Timing : Apply early in the morning or late in the afternoon to avoid high temperatures and UV exposure, which can reduce bacterial efficacy. Dosage Recommendations 1. Bioremediation of Soil and Water Target : Heavy metals, hydrocarbons, and organic pollutants. Dosage : Dissolve 1-2 kg of powder in 200-400 liters of water per hectare for soil application. For water bodies, use 5-10 g per cubic meter of contaminated water. Application : Spray uniformly over the contaminated area or introduce directly into the polluted water body. Reapply every 3-4 weeks for sustained results. 2. Pest Biocontrol in Agriculture Target : Soil-borne pests and pathogens. Dosage : Dissolve 500 g of powder in 100 liters of water per hectare. Application : Foliar Spray : Use a sprayer to apply evenly over plant foliage. Soil Drench : Apply directly to the root zone for pest suppression and nutrient cycling. Frequency : Reapply every 2-3 weeks or as needed based on pest pressure. 3. Nutrient Cycling in Organic Agriculture Target : Soil enrichment and nutrient recycling. Dosage : Dissolve 1 kg of powder in 200 liters of water per hectare. Application : Apply as a soil drench or through fertigation systems. Frequency : Apply once at the start of the growing season and repeat every 4-6 weeks for ongoing soil health improvement. 4. Hydrocarbon and Waste Biodegradation Target : Hydrocarbons and organic waste in soil or industrial effluents. Dosage : Dissolve 1-2 kg of powder in 200-400 liters of water per hectare. Application : Spray over the waste site or contaminated area, ensuring even coverage. For industrial effluents, introduce directly into the waste stream. Frequency : Reapply every 4 weeks until complete remediation is achieved. FAQ What is the significance of Serratia marcescens in agricultural and biotech contexts? Serratia marcescens is a bacterium that has garnered attention in both agriculture and biotechnology due to its diverse metabolic capabilities and potential applications, ranging from biocontrol to pigment production. Can Serratia marcescens be used as a biocontrol agent in agriculture? Yes, certain strains of Serratia marcescens have demonstrated potential as biocontrol agents against various plant pathogens, including fungi and nematodes. They can produce antimicrobial compounds and exhibit other mechanisms that suppress disease in crops. For example, some strains have shown efficacy against fungal diseases in fruits and vegetables. What are the biotechnological applications of the prodigiosin pigment produced by Serratia marcescens ? Prodigiosin, the vibrant red pigment produced by Serratia marcescens , has attracted significant interest in biotechnology. It exhibits various biological activities, including antimicrobial, anticancer, and immunosuppressive properties, making it a potential source for pharmaceuticals, dyes, and other high-value compounds. Research is ongoing to optimize its production and application. How is research exploring the agricultural and biotechnological potential of Serratia marcescens conducted? Research involves isolating and characterizing different strains of Serratia marcescens , studying their mechanisms of action (e.g., antimicrobial production, enzyme activity), optimizing growth conditions for metabolite production, and conducting field trials for biocontrol applications. Modern genomic and proteomic techniques play a vital role in understanding and harnessing the potential of this bacterium. What are some examples of potential agricultural applications of Serratia marcescens ? Potential applications include seed treatments to protect against soilborne pathogens, foliar sprays to control fungal diseases, and the development of biofertilizers or biostimulants that enhance plant growth. Research is exploring its use in sustainable agriculture to reduce reliance on synthetic pesticides and fertilizers. How is the production of prodigiosin being explored for industrial biotechnology? Biotechnologists are investigating various methods to enhance prodigiosin production through fermentation optimization, genetic engineering of Serratia marcescens strains, and the development of efficient extraction and purification techniques. The goal is to make its production economically viable for diverse applications. Related Products Paecilomyces lilacinus Pochonia chlamydosporia Verticillium chlamydosporium More Products Resources Read all

Acidithiobacillus novellus sulfur oxidation in soil, improving nutrient availability for crops, particularly aiding in sulfur deficiency in soils, thereby boosting yield and plant health. < Microbial Species Acidithiobacillus novellus Acidithiobacillus novellus sulfur oxidation in soil, improving nutrient availability for crops, particularly aiding in sulfur deficiency in soils, thereby boosting yield and plant health. Strength 1 x 10⁸ CFU per gram / 1 x 10⁹ CFU per gram Product Enquiry Download Brochure Benefits Improved Crop Yield Enhances overall plant health, leading to increased crop yields. Root Development Accelerates root growth and development, improving plant stability and nutrient absorption. Stress Tolerance Increases plant resilience to environmental stressors, ensuring consistent growth and productivity. Enhanced Nutrient Absorption Facilitates iron and sulfur oxidation for better plant nutrient uptake. Dosage & Application Additional Info Scientific References Mode of Action FAQ Scientific References Content coming soon! Mode of Action Content coming soon! Additional Info Recommended Crops: Cereals, Millets, Pulses, Oilseeds, Fibre Crops, Sugar Crops, Forage Crops, Plantation crops, Vegetables, Fruits, Spices, Flowers, Medicinal crops, Aromatic Crops, Orchards, and Ornamentals. Compatibility: Compatible with Bio Pesticides, Bio Fertilizers, and Plant growth hormones but not with chemical fertilizers and chemical pesticides. Shelf Life: Stable within 1 year from the date of manufacturing. Packing: We offer tailor-made packaging as per customers' requirements. Dosage & Application Seed Coating/Seed Treatment : Coat 1 kg of seeds with a slurry mixture of 10 g of Acidithiobacillus Novellus and 10 g of crude sugar in sufficient water. Seedling Treatment : Dip the seedlings into a mixture of 100 grams Acidithiobacillus Novellus and sufficient water. Soil Treatment : Mix 3-5 kg per acre of Acidithiobacillus Novellus with organic manure/organic fertilizers. Irrigation : Mix 3 kg per acre of Acidithiobacillus Novellus in a sufficient amount of water and run into the drip lines. FAQ Content coming soon! Related Products Acidithiobacillus thiooxidans Thiobacillus novellus Thiobacillus thiooxidans More Products Resources Read all