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< Crop Kits Plant Hopper Plant hoppers feed on rice sap, causing yellowing and wilting. They can also transmit viral diseases, needing integrated pest management. Product Enquiry Download Brochure Benefits Composition Dosage & Application Additional Info Dosage & Application Additional Info Related Products Aminomax SP Annomax BioProtek Biocupe Neem Plus Seed Protek Silicomax Dates Pro More Products Resources Read all

Trichoderma harzianum is a beneficial soil fungus widely used as a biological control agent and plant growth promoter in modern agriculture. It suppresses key soil-borne pathogens and certain nematodes through mycoparasitism, antibiosis, and competitive exclusion in the rhizosphere, forming a protective barrier around roots and reducing disease pressure. Beyond disease management, T. harzianum enhances seed germination, root development, and overall plant vigor while activating the plant’s own defense pathways and improving tolerance to abiotic stress. It is a core species for sustainable agriculture and integrated pest management programs. < Microbial Species Trichoderma harzianum Trichoderma harzianum is a beneficial soil fungus widely used as a biological control agent and plant growth promoter in modern agriculture. It suppresses key soil-borne pathogens and certain nematodes through mycoparasitism, antibiosis, and competitive exclusion in the rhizosphere, forming a protective barrier around roots and reducing disease pressure. Beyond disease management, T. harzianum enhances seed germination, root development, and overall plant vigor while activating the plant’s own defense pathways and improving tolerance to abiotic stress. It is a core species for sustainable agriculture and integrated pest management programs. Strength 1 x 10⁸ CFU per gram / 1 x 10⁹ CFU per gram / 1 x 10¹⁰ CFU per gram Product Enquiry Buy this species Download Brochure Benefits Biocontrol Agent Trichoderma harzianum is a well-established biological control fungus used to help manage soil-borne fungal diseases. It acts through multiple mechanisms, including rapid root-zone colonization, competition with pathogens for nutrients and space, production of antifungal enzymes and secondary metabolites, and direct antagonism against harmful fungi. These combined actions help reduce disease pressure and support more sustainable crop protection strategies. Strong Rhizosphere Adaptability As a highly competitive rhizosphere fungus, T. harzianum can establish itself around plant roots and remain active under a wide range of soil and environmental conditions. Its strong colonization ability supports a more resilient root-zone microbiome and contributes to improved soil biological activity. Plant Growth Promotion Beyond disease suppression, T. harzianum supports plant growth by improving root development, nutrient uptake, and overall plant vigor. Its interaction with the root system can help crops establish stronger root architecture, which improves access to water and nutrients during early and active growth stages. Induced Systemic Resistance T. harzianum can help activate the plant’s natural defense responses. By priming induced systemic resistance, it prepares plants to respond more effectively to pathogen attack, supporting healthier crops and improved resilience against a wide range of biotic stresses. Dosage & Application Additional Info Scientific References Mode of Action Sustainability Advantage FAQ Scientific References Recent Research Studies Biocontrol Efficacy Studies Overexpression in Trichoderma harzianum T4* (2024) Published in Archives of Microbiology Study demonstrated enhanced spore production and antagonistic activity against phytopathogenic fungi Reference: Archives of Microbiology, DOI: 10.1007/s00203-024-04091-4 Trichoderma harzianum Effects on Cucumber Physiology (2023) Published in Scientific Reports, Nature Showed 50.19% yield increase in cucumber Enhanced physiological and biochemical traits in cucumber seedlings Reference: Nature Scientific Reports, DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-44296-z Molecular Mechanisms of Plant Growth Promotion (2023) Comprehensive review published in Frontiers in Microbiology Detailed analysis of competitive exclusion, antibiosis, and induced resistance mechanisms Reference: Frontiers in Microbiology, 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1160551 Application and Effectiveness Studies Optimization of Trichoderma harzianum for Nematode Control (2024) Published in Nature Scientific Reports Combined with chitosan, reduced root-knot nematode reproduction factor by 94% Reference: Nature Scientific Reports, DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-68365-z Trichoderma harzianum in Organic Fertilizer Systems (2023) Published in Biodiversitas Journal 400 kg/ha application suppressed Fusarium wilt in shallots 55.7% production increase compared to NPK fertilizer alone Reference: Biodiversitas 24: 2426-2433 Growth Promotion in Radish Microgreens (2024) Demonstrated 19.75% yield increase and improved quality parameters Enhanced conversion efficiency of seed mass to fresh mass Reference: Agrineco Journal, 2024 Safety and Toxicology Studies EPA Safety Assessment of Trichoderma harzianum Strain T-39 (2000) Comprehensive toxicology study by US Environmental Protection Agency Classified as Toxicity Category III-IV for various exposure routes Non-pathogenic and non-infectious to mammals at tested doses Reference: EPA Registration Document 119200 Laboratory Animal Toxicity Study (2023) Published study examining harmful effects in laboratory animals Identified dose-dependent pathological effects in liver, kidney, and lungs Recommended cautious use despite natural origin Reference: PMC Article PMC10758010 Molecular and Biochemical Studies Recombinant Mutanase from Trichoderma harzianum (2025) Latest research on enzyme properties and biofilm destruction capability Published in Applied and Environmental Microbiology Reference: ASM Journals, DOI: 10.1128/aem.00226-24 Biotechnological Development and Formulations (2023) Comprehensive review of commercial applications and mechanisms Analysis of mycoparasitism, antibiosis, and competition mechanisms Reference: PMC Article PMC10439859 Mode of Action Primary Mechanisms of Biocontrol 1. Mycoparasitism Trichoderma harzianum exhibits direct parasitic activity against plant pathogenic fungi through: Hyphal coiling and penetration : Forms coils around pathogen hyphae and penetrates cell walls Enzyme secretion : Produces chitinases, β-1,3-glucanases, and proteases that degrade pathogen cell walls Physical invasion : Directly invades pathogen structures, leading to their destruction 2. Antibiosis The fungus produces various secondary metabolites with antimicrobial properties: Peptaibols : Linear peptides with antifungal activity Polyketides : Compounds that inhibit pathogen growth Volatile organic compounds : Gases that suppress pathogen development Antibiotics : Various metabolites that directly inhibit pathogen multiplication 3. Competition for Resources T. harzianum outcompetes pathogens through: Rapid colonization : Fast growth rate (2.0-4.2 times faster than many pathogens like Botrytis cinerea) Nutrient competition : Superior ability to acquire carbon, nitrogen, and mineral nutrients Space occupation : Physical exclusion of pathogens from infection sites Iron sequestration : Production of siderophores that chelate iron, making it unavailable to pathogens 4. Induced Systemic Resistance (ISR) T. harzianum triggers plant defense mechanisms: Elicitor production : Releases compounds that activate plant immunity Defense enzyme activation : Increases activities of phenylalanine ammonia lyase (PAL), polyphenol oxidase (PPO), and peroxidase (POD) Systemic acquired resistance : Enhances plant-wide defense responses Hormone modulation : Influences plant hormonal balance to improve stress tolerance Plant Growth Promotion Mechanisms Root Development Enhancement Mycorrhizal-like associations : Forms beneficial relationships similar to mycorrhizal fungi Root hair proliferation : Increases surface area for nutrient absorption Lateral root formation : Promotes branching for expanded root system Root barrier formation : Creates protective layer around roots Nutrient Solubilization Phosphorus mobilization : Solubilizes inorganic phosphates making them plant-available Micronutrient availability : Enhances uptake of iron, zinc, and other trace elements Organic matter decomposition : Breaks down complex organic compounds pH optimization : Modifies rhizosphere pH for better nutrient availability Stress Tolerance Improvement Antioxidant enzyme production : Reduces reactive oxygen species (ROS) damage Osmotic adjustment : Helps plants cope with water stress Heavy metal tolerance : Accumulates toxic metals, reducing plant stress Temperature resilience : Enhances tolerance to extreme temperatures Additional Info Target pests: Root knot nematode, Fusarium, Phytophthora Recommended Crops: Cereals, Millets, Pulses, Oilseeds, Fibre Crops, Sugar Crops, Forage Crops, Plantation crops, Vegetables, Fruits, Spices, Flowers, Medicinal crops, Aromatic Crops, Orchards, and Ornamentals. Compatibility: Compatible with Bio Pesticides, Bio Fertilizers, and Plant growth hormones but not with chemical fertilizers and chemical pesticides. Shelf Life: Stable within 1 year from the date of manufacturing. Packing: We offer tailor-made packaging as per customers' requirements. Dosage & Application Wettable Powder: 2 x 10⁶ CFU per gram Other Uses: Can also be used as nematicides; can be used as bio seed care Seed Dressing: mix 5g Trichoderma Harzianum with 5g crude sugar in sufficient water to make a slurry and coat seeds and dry in shade and sow / broadcast / dibble in the field. Do not store treated / coated seeds more than 24 hrs. Foliar Application: 1 Acre dose: 3-5 kg, 1 Ha dose: 7.5 - 12.5 Kg Soil Application (Soil drench or Drip irrigation): 1 Acre dose: 3-5 kg, 1 Ha dose: 7.5 - 12.5 Kg Soil Application (Soil drench or Drip irrigation) for Long duration crops / Orchards / Perennials: 1 Acre dose: 3-5 kg, 1 Ha dose: 7.5 - 12.5 Kg, Apply 2 times in 1 Year. Before onset of monsoon and after monsoon. Seed Dressing: 1 Kg seed: 5g Trichoderma Harzianum + 5g crude sugar Foliar application for Long duration crops / Orchards / Perennials: 1 Acre dose: 1 Kg, 1 Ha dose: 2.5 Kg, Apply 2 times in 1 Year. Before onset of monsoon and after monsoon. Soluble Powder: 1 x 10⁸ CFU per gram Foliar Application: 1 Acre dose: 1 Kg, 1 Ha dose: 2.5 Kg Soil Application (Soil drench or Drip irrigation): 1 Acre dose: 1 Kg, 1 Ha dose: 2.5 Kg Soil Application (Soil drench or Drip irrigation) for Long duration crops / Orchards / Perennials: 1 Acre dose: 1 Kg, 1 Ha dose: 2.5 Kg Seed Dressing: 1 Kg seed: 0.5g Trichoderma Harzianum + 5g crude sugar Foliar Application for Long duration crops / Orchards / Perennials: 1 Acre dose: 1 Kg, 1 Ha dose: 2.5 Kg, Apply 2 times in 1 Year. Before onset of monsoon and after monsoon. Seed Dressing Method: Mix Trichoderma Harzianum with crude sugar in sufficient water to make a slurry and coat seeds. Dry in shade and sow / broadcast / dibble in the field. Do not store treated / coated seeds for more than 24 hours. Soil Application Method: Mix Trichoderma Harzianum at recommended doses with compost and apply at early life stages of crop along with other biofertilizers. First application: At land preparation stage / sowing / planting. Second application: Three weeks after first application. Mix Trichoderma Harzianum at recommended doses in sufficient water and drench soil at early leaf stage / 2-4 leaf stage / early crop life cycle. Drip Irrigation: If there are insoluble particles, filter the solution and add to drip tank. For long duration crops / Perennial / Orchard crops: Dissolve Trichoderma Harzianum at recommended doses in sufficient water and apply as a drenching spray near root zone twice a year. It is recommended to have the first application before the onset of the main monsoon / rainfall / spring season and the second application after the main monsoon / rainfall / autumn / fall season. Foliar Application Method: Mix Trichoderma Harzianum at recommended doses in sufficient water and spray on soil during the off-season. Apply twice a year for long duration crops. It is recommended to have the first application before the onset of the main monsoon / rainfall / spring season and the second application after the main monsoon / rainfall / autumn / fall season. Note: Do not store Trichoderma Harzianum solution for more than 24 hours after mixing in water. FAQ What is Trichoderma harzianum used for? Trichoderma harzianum is a beneficial fungus used as a biological control agent and plant growth promoter in agriculture. Its primary applications include: Disease control : Manages soil-borne fungal diseases like Fusarium wilt, Rhizoctonia root rot, and Pythium damping-off Nematode management : Controls root-knot nematodes and other plant-parasitic nematodes Plant growth enhancement : Improves root development, nutrient uptake, and overall plant vigor Soil health improvement : Enhances soil microbial diversity and organic matter decomposition Is Trichoderma harzianum harmful to humans? According to EPA studies and scientific research: Generally safe : Classified as low toxicity (Category III-IV) by the US EPA Non-pathogenic : Not infectious or pathogenic to humans at normal exposure levels Precautions needed : Can cause mild irritation to eyes, skin, and respiratory system Inhalation concerns : May cause pulmonary irritation at high concentrations Recommendation : Use protective equipment (gloves, masks) during handling and application Is Trichoderma a fungus or bacteria? Trichoderma harzianum is definitively a fungus , specifically: Classification : Belongs to the Kingdom Fungi, Phylum Ascomycota Structure : Has typical fungal characteristics including hyphae, spores, and cell walls containing chitin Reproduction : Produces conidia (asexual spores) for propagation Growth pattern : Exhibits typical fungal mycelial growth on organic substrates How long does Trichoderma harzianum remain active in soil? The persistence depends on several factors: Environmental conditions : Survives longer in moist, organic-rich soils Temperature : Optimal activity at 20-30°C, reduced activity in extreme temperatures Formulation : Properly formulated products maintain viability for 6-12 months in soil Competition : May decrease over time due to competition with native microorganisms Reapplication : Generally recommended every 3-6 months for sustained benefits Application and Usage What is the best time to apply Trichoderma harzianum? Timing is crucial for maximum effectiveness: Soil preparation : 10-15 days before planting for optimal colonization Seed treatment : At sowing time for immediate protection Transplanting : During seedling transplantation for root protection Growing season : Early morning or evening to avoid UV degradation Soil moisture : When soil moisture is adequate (not waterlogged or dry) Can Trichoderma harzianum be mixed with chemical fungicides? Compatibility varies by fungicide: Compatible : Thiophanate-methyl, mancozeb, metalaxyl-M + mancozeb, pencycuron Incompatible : Carbendazim, thiram + tolclofos-methyl (highly toxic to Trichoderma) Timing separation : If using incompatible chemicals, apply 7-14 days apart Reduced efficacy : Chemical fungicides can significantly reduce Trichoderma populations Recommendation : Use in integrated programs with compatible products only What crops benefit most from Trichoderma harzianum application? Effective across a wide range of crops: High-value crops : Tomatoes, cucumbers, peppers, strawberries Field crops : Corn, soybeans, cotton, wheat Tree crops : Citrus, apples, grapes, nuts Ornamentals : Flowers, shrubs, nursery plants Specialty crops : Cannabis, herbs, microgreens Root vegetables : Carrots, potatoes, radishes Dosage and Application Methods What is the recommended dosage for different application methods? Seed Treatment Wettable Powder: 5g per kg of seeds + 5g crude sugar Soluble Powder: 0.5g per kg of seeds + 5g crude sugar Soil Application Wettable Powder: 3-5 kg per acre (7.5-12.5 kg per hectare) Soluble Powder: 1 kg per acre (2.5 kg per hectare) Foliar Application Wettable Powder: 3-5 kg per acre (initial), 1 kg per acre (maintenance) Soluble Powder: 1 kg per acre (2.5 kg per hectare) How should Trichoderma harzianum be stored? Proper storage is essential for maintaining viability: Temperature : Store in cool, dry conditions (below 25°C) Moisture : Protect from humidity and direct moisture contact Light : Keep away from direct sunlight and UV exposure Containers : Use original packaging or airtight containers Shelf life : Typically 12-24 months when stored properly Avoid : Do not store with chemical pesticides or fertilizers Troubleshooting Why might Trichoderma harzianum not show expected results? Several factors can affect performance: Poor application timing : Applied during unfavorable conditions Chemical interference : Recent use of incompatible fungicides Environmental stress : Extreme temperatures, drought, or waterlogging Soil conditions : Very acidic (pH < 4.5) or alkaline (pH > 8.5) soils Storage issues : Product may have lost viability due to improper storage Pathogen resistance : Some pathogen strains may be less susceptible Application method : Incorrect dilution or application technique Sustainability Advantage Related Products Ampelomyces quisqualis Bacillus subtilis Bacillus tequilensis Chaetomium cupreum Fusarium proliferatum Lactobacillus plantarum Pediococcus pentosaceus Pseudomonas spp. More Products Resources Read all

Acidithiobacillus novellus sulfur oxidation in soil, improving nutrient availability for crops, particularly aiding in sulfur deficiency in soils, thereby boosting yield and plant health. < Microbial Species Acidithiobacillus novellus Acidithiobacillus novellus sulfur oxidation in soil, improving nutrient availability for crops, particularly aiding in sulfur deficiency in soils, thereby boosting yield and plant health. Strength 1 x 10⁸ CFU per gram / 1 x 10⁹ CFU per gram / 1 x 10¹⁰ CFU per gram Product Enquiry Buy this species Download Brochure Benefits Improved Crop Yield Enhances overall plant health, leading to increased crop yields. Root Development Accelerates root growth and development, improving plant stability and nutrient absorption. Stress Tolerance Increases plant resilience to environmental stressors, ensuring consistent growth and productivity. Enhanced Nutrient Absorption Facilitates iron and sulfur oxidation for better plant nutrient uptake. Dosage & Application Additional Info Scientific References Mode of Action Sustainability Advantage FAQ Scientific References Content coming soon! Mode of Action Content coming soon! Additional Info Recommended Crops: Cereals, Millets, Pulses, Oilseeds, Fibre Crops, Sugar Crops, Forage Crops, Plantation crops, Vegetables, Fruits, Spices, Flowers, Medicinal crops, Aromatic Crops, Orchards, and Ornamentals. Compatibility: Compatible with Bio Pesticides, Bio Fertilizers, and Plant growth hormones but not with chemical fertilizers and chemical pesticides. Shelf Life: Stable within 1 year from the date of manufacturing. Packing: We offer tailor-made packaging as per customers' requirements. Dosage & Application Seed Coating/Seed Treatment : Coat 1 kg of seeds with a slurry mixture of 10 g of Acidithiobacillus Novellus and 10 g of crude sugar in sufficient water. Seedling Treatment : Dip the seedlings into a mixture of 100 grams Acidithiobacillus Novellus and sufficient water. Soil Treatment : Mix 3-5 kg per acre of Acidithiobacillus Novellus with organic manure/organic fertilizers. Irrigation : Mix 3 kg per acre of Acidithiobacillus Novellus in a sufficient amount of water and run into the drip lines. FAQ What is Acidithiobacillus novellus? Acidithiobacillus novellus is a beneficial sulfur-oxidizing bacterium used in agriculture to support sulfur transformation, nutrient availability, soil health, and microbial soil fertility. What is Acidithiobacillus novellus used for? Acidithiobacillus novellus is used to improve sulfur availability in soil, support crop nutrition, enhance root-zone activity, improve nutrient absorption, and promote healthier crop growth. Is Acidithiobacillus novellus a bacteria? Yes. Acidithiobacillus novellus is a bacterium. It belongs to a group of microorganisms known for sulfur oxidation and biological nutrient transformation. How does Acidithiobacillus novellus work? Acidithiobacillus novellus works by supporting the oxidation of reduced sulfur compounds in the soil. This process helps form sulfate, which is the main sulfur form absorbed by plant roots. Why is sulfur oxidation important in agriculture? Sulfur oxidation is important because plants absorb sulfur mainly as sulfate. Many sulfur sources in soil need to be biologically transformed before crops can use them efficiently. How does Acidithiobacillus novellus improve soil health? Acidithiobacillus novellus improves soil health by contributing to sulfur cycling, microbial activity, nutrient transformation, and root-zone biological function. Which crops can benefit from Acidithiobacillus novellus? Acidithiobacillus novellus can be used in cereals, millets, pulses, oilseeds, fibre crops, sugar crops, forage crops, vegetables, fruits, spices, flowers, medicinal crops, aromatic crops, plantation crops, orchards, and ornamentals. What are the benefits of Acidithiobacillus novellus for plants? The main benefits include improved sulfur availability, better nutrient uptake, stronger root development, improved crop vigour, enhanced stress tolerance, and support for yield potential. Can Acidithiobacillus novellus help with sulfur deficiency? Yes. Acidithiobacillus novellus can support sulfur availability by helping convert sulfur compounds into sulfate. It is useful in soils where sulfur availability is limited or where sulfur nutrition needs biological support. How is Acidithiobacillus novellus applied? Acidithiobacillus novellus can be applied through seed coating, seed treatment, seedling treatment, soil treatment, or irrigation, depending on crop stage and farm practice. What is the recommended seed treatment method? For seed coating or seed treatment, coat 1 kg of seeds with a slurry mixture of 10 g Acidithiobacillus novellus and 10 g crude sugar in sufficient water. Ensure uniform seed coverage before sowing. How is Acidithiobacillus novellus applied to seedlings? For seedling treatment, dip seedlings into a mixture of 100 g Acidithiobacillus novellus and sufficient water before transplanting. What is the soil application dose of Acidithiobacillus novellus? For soil treatment, mix 3–5 kg per acre of Acidithiobacillus novellus with organic manure or organic fertilizers and apply to the field. Can Acidithiobacillus novellus be applied through irrigation? Yes. For irrigation application, mix 3 kg per acre of Acidithiobacillus novellus in sufficient water and run it through drip lines, where the formulation and irrigation system allow proper distribution. Can Acidithiobacillus novellus be mixed with biofertilizers? Yes. Acidithiobacillus novellus is compatible with biofertilizers, biopesticides, and plant growth hormones. It can be part of a broader microbial soil fertility program. Can Acidithiobacillus novellus be mixed with chemical fertilizers? Direct mixing with chemical fertilizers is not recommended unless compatibility has been confirmed. It is best used with organic manure, organic fertilizers, and compatible biological inputs. Can Acidithiobacillus novellus be mixed with chemical pesticides? No. Acidithiobacillus novellus should not be mixed directly with chemical pesticides unless compatibility has been confirmed. Harsh chemicals may reduce microbial viability. What is the strength of Acidithiobacillus novellus? Acidithiobacillus novellus is available in strengths of 1 × 10⁸ CFU per gram and 1 × 10⁹ CFU per gram. What is the shelf life of Acidithiobacillus novellus? The product is stable within one year from the date of manufacturing when stored under recommended conditions. How should Acidithiobacillus novellus be stored? Store Acidithiobacillus novellus in a cool, dry place away from direct sunlight, heat, and moisture. Keep the package sealed after opening to maintain microbial viability. Is Acidithiobacillus novellus suitable for sustainable agriculture? Yes. Acidithiobacillus novellus supports sustainable agriculture by improving biological sulfur cycling, nutrient availability, microbial soil fertility, and soil health. Is Acidithiobacillus novellus the same as Thiobacillus? Acidithiobacillus and Thiobacillus are both associated with sulfur-oxidizing bacteria, but they are not exactly the same. Both groups are known for their role in sulfur transformation, but they may differ in taxonomy, environmental preference, and specific microbial functions. Why choose Acidithiobacillus novellus for crop production? Choose Acidithiobacillus novellus to support sulfur oxidation, improve nutrient availability, strengthen root-zone activity, enhance crop vigour, and build healthier biological soil fertility. Sustainability Advantage Related Products Acidithiobacillus thiooxidans Thiobacillus novellus Thiobacillus thiooxidans More Products Resources Read all

Revive Bio soil fertilizer by Indogulf BioAg: Organic, eco-friendly, and certified for robust plant health. Trusted globally for enhanced crop yields. < Soil Fertilizers Revive Bio Bio-fertilizer with nitrogen-fixing bacteria. Available in powder form, reduces the need for fertilizers and provides balanced nutrition for superior crop production. Product Enquiry Download Brochure Benefits Secretes Plant Growth Hormones and Regulators Stimulates plant growth and development through the secretion of hormones, promoting vigorous and resilient plants. Decreases or Removes the Need for Chemical Fertilizer Reduces reliance on chemical fertilizers by providing essential nutrients in organic form, supporting sustainable farming practices. Provides Soil Aeration and Increases Water Holding Capacity Improves soil structure, enhancing aeration and water retention, crucial for optimal plant growth. Prevents Plant Growth with Biopesticidal Effect Naturally inhibits plant pests, promoting healthier plant growth without relying on chemical pesticides. Dosage & Application Kit Contents Composition Key Benefits FAQ Additional Info Dosage & Application Powder Dosage Soil Application: Mix ½ kg of Revive powder with 10 kg of sand or vermiculite, and spread uniformly over 1 acre of land. Water after planting. Seed Inoculation: Use 250 grams of Revive powder for 10 to 15 kg of seeds. Make a slurry by adding adequate water and the required quantity of Revive powder to the seeds. Leave the slurry overnight, then dry the seeds in the shade before sowing. Seedling Inoculation: Mix 2 kg of Revive powder with adequate water. Dip the roots of seedlings required for one acre in the mixture for 8 to 12 hours, then transplant the seedlings. Foliar Application: Mix 20 grams of Revive powder with 2 liters of water and spray on the crops, targeting leaves and roots. Spray volume depends on crop canopy. Liquid Dosage Soil Application: Mix 2.5 liters of Revive (bio) in 300 liters of water and spray over 12 acres. Repeat after 15 days. Seed Inoculation: Use 250 ml of Revive (bio) for 10 to 15 kg of seeds. Make a slurry by adding adequate water and the required quantity of Revive (bio). Apply the slurry uniformly to the seeds, then dry them in the shade before sowing. Seedling Inoculation: Mix 2 liters of Revive (bio) with water. Dip the roots of seedlings required for one acre in the mixture, then transplant the seedlings. Foliar Application: Mix 20 ml of Revive (bio) with 2 liters of water for foliar spray. Spray volume depends on crop canopy. Additional Info Mode of Action Provides atmospheric nitrogen fixation to meet the nitrogen needs of plants. Transforms phosphorus and potassium salts in the soil into forms that plants can absorb. Secretes plant growth hormones and regulators. Breaks down harmful compounds in the plant cultivation medium. Suppresses microorganisms that may inhibit plant growth with biopesticidal effects. Enhances the natural, chemical, and biological structure of the soil by increasing its organic content. Improves soil aeration and increases its water-holding capacity. Reduces or eliminates the need for chemical fertilizers. Recommended Crops Cereals, Millets, Pulses, Oilseeds, Fibre Crops, Sugar Crops, Forage Crops, Plantation Crops, Vegetables, Fruits, Spices, Flowers, Medicinal Crops, Aromatic Crops, Orchards, and Ornamentals Shelf Life & Packaging: Storage: Store in a cool, dry place at room temperature Shelf Life: 24 months from the date of manufacture at room temperature Packaging: 1 kg / 20 litre FAQ Content coming soon! Kit Contents Content coming soon! Composition Content coming soon! Key Benefits Content coming soon! Related Products Bio-Manna Bio-Manure Fermogreen Neem Powder More Products Resources Read all

Boost plant growth with our Mycorrhiza Liquid Root Enhancer. As a leading manufacturer & exporter, we offer premium quality for healthy, thriving roots. < Root Enhancers Mycorrhiza Liquid Boosts plant growth and resilience with a convenient liquid formula that supports nutrient uptake and drought resistance. Easy to apply through watering or direct soil application. Product Enquiry Download Brochure Benefits Enhanced Nutrient Absorption and Translocation Mycorrhizae facilitate the absorption and translocation of essential nutrients such as nitrogen, potassium, iron, and others, improving plant nutrient utilization efficiency. Enhanced Root Growth and Development Mycorrhizae improve plant root growth and development by forming symbiotic relationships with roots, increasing surface area for better water and nutrient absorption. Improved Phosphate Uptake and Mobilization Mycorrhizae enhance the uptake and mobilization of phosphate across all crops, reducing the need for phosphorus fertilization. Stress Resistance and Improved Crop Quality Mycorrhizae help plants overcome stress conditions like drought, diseases, and nutrient deficiencies, enhancing crop quality and yield. Benefits Dosage & Application How it works FAQ Additional Info Dosage & Application Seed Dressing For 20-100 kg seed/Ha, use 50 g mycorrhizae + 100 g crude sugar. Mix mycorrhizae with crude sugar and sufficient water to make a slurry. Coat the seeds with this slurry, then dry them in the shade before sowing, broadcasting, or dibbling in the field. Do not store treated/coated seeds for more than 24 hours. Soil Application General Soil Application (Soil Drench or Drip Irrigation) 1 Acre Dose : 100 g mycorrhizae 1 Ha Dose : 250 g mycorrhizae Mix mycorrhizae at recommended doses with compost and apply during the early life stages of the crop along with other biofertilizers. Mix mycorrhizae powder at recommended doses with sufficient water and drench the soil at the early leaf stage (2-4 leaf stage) or early crop life cycle. For drip irrigation, if there are insoluble particles, filter the solution before adding it to the drip tank. Long Duration Crops/Orchards/Perennials 1 Acre Dose : 200 g mycorrhizae 1 Ha Dose : 500 g mycorrhizae Application Frequency : Apply twice a year. The first application should be before the onset of the main monsoon/rainfall/spring season, and the second application should be after the main monsoon/rainfall/autumn/fall season. Dissolve mycorrhizae powder at recommended doses with sufficient water and apply as a drenching spray near the root zone. Detailed Dosage and Method of Application Dosage : 4 kg per acre. Soil Treatment : Mix 4 kg of mycorrhizae powder with 50 kg of well-decomposed FYM (farmyard manure), compost, vermicompost, or field soil. Spread the mixture uniformly over 1 acre of land. Application Frequency : Treat the soil before sowing and repeat the application 30 days after sowing. Additional Info Recommended Crops: Cereals, Millets, Pulses, Oilseeds, Fibre Crops, Sugar Crops, Forage Crops, Plantation crops, Vegetables, Fruits, Spices, Flowers, Medicinal crops, Aromatic Crops, Orchards, and Ornamentals. Compatibility: Compatible with Bio Pesticides, Bio Fertilizers, and Plant growth hormones but not with chemical fertilizers and chemical pesticides. Shelf Life: Stable within 1 year from the date of manufacturing. Packing: We offer tailor-made packaging as per customers' requirements. Benefits Content coming soon! How it works Content coming soon! Stay tuned for updates. FAQ What plants need mycorrhizal fungi? Most vegetable, fruit, and ornamental species benefit, especially legumes, cereals, and woody ornamentals. Mycorrhizae form symbioses with over 80% of terrestrial plants. Can you use too much mycorrhizal? Excessive mycorrhizal inoculant rarely harms plants, but ideal rates ensure cost-effective colonization. Over-application may be wasteful without added benefit. What are the benefits of mycorrhizal fungi? They improve nutrient and water uptake, enhance disease resistance, reduce transplant shock, and foster long-term soil health by creating a living rhizosphere. Related Products Mycorrhiza Powder More Products Resources Read all

Trichoderma viride is a beneficial fungus widely used in agriculture for its ability to manage fungal pathogens and soil-dwelling nematodes. It enhances the stress tolerance of plant hosts and provides protection against fungal diseases by producing antifungal compounds and promoting plant defense mechanisms. Its role in improving plant resilience and controlling soil-borne pathogens makes it a key tool in sustainable agriculture and integrated pest management practices. < Microbial Species Trichoderma viride Trichoderma viride is a beneficial fungus widely used in agriculture for its ability to manage fungal pathogens and soil-dwelling nematodes. It enhances the stress tolerance of plant hosts and provides protection against fungal diseases by producing antifungal compounds and promoting plant defense mechanisms. Its role in improving plant resilience and controlling soil-borne pathogens makes it a key tool in sustainable agriculture and integrated pest management practices. Strength 1 x 10⁸ CFU per gram / 1 x 10⁹ CFU per gram / 1 x 10¹⁰ CFU per gram Product Enquiry Buy this species Download Brochure Benefits Induced Systemic Resistance Stimulates the plant's defense mechanisms, enhancing resistance to diseases. Environmental Compatibility Safe for the environment and non-toxic to plants, animals, and humans. Promotes Plant Growth Produces enzymes that degrade organic matter, releasing nutrients for plant uptake. Biocontrol Agent Acts as a natural antagonist against plant pathogens, helping to suppress diseases. Dosage & Application Additional Info Scientific References Mode of Action Sustainability Advantage FAQ Scientific References Biocontrol Efficacy Studies Jamil, A. (2021). "Antifungal and plant growth promoting activity of Trichoderma spp. against Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici." Plant Protection Science, demonstrating 70% radial growth inhibition of Fusarium oxysporum and superior plant growth promotion. jbiopestic+1 Kumar, S., et al. (2015). "Antagonistic Potential of Native Trichoderma viride Strain against Phytophthora theae and Fusarium solani." PMC, showing 50.51% and 63% mean inhibition against P. theae and F. solani respectively. pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih Li, M., et al. (2023). "Trichoderma and its role in biological control of plant fungal and nematode disease." PMC, comprehensive review documenting control against 29 species of plant pathogenic fungi including Botrytis, Fusarium, and Rhizoctonia. pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih Mechanism Studies Benitez, T., et al. (2004). "Biocontrol mechanisms of Trichoderma strains." International Microbiology, detailing multiple biocontrol mechanisms including mycoparasitism, antibiosis, and competition. scielo.isciii Cortés Hernández, et al. (2023). "Biological control agents: mechanisms of action." Frontiers in Agronomy, documenting secretion of chitinases, glucanases, and proteases for pathogen cell wall degradation. frontiersin Plant Growth Promotion Manganiello, G., et al. (2018). "Volatile secondary metabolites of Trichoderma viride TG050 609 causing irregular mycelial growth and dissolution of Phytophthora nicotianae." Research demonstrating antibiotic effects through volatile compounds. pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih Naglot, A., et al. (2015). "Metabolites of Trichoderma viride showing 54.81% inhibition against Fusarium oxysporum wilt pathogen." Studies confirming significant antimicrobial activity. pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih Mode of Action Primary Biocontrol Mechanisms 1. Mycoparasitism - Direct Attack Trichoderma viride employs direct parasitism through specialized hyphal interactions. The fungus forms coiling structures and loops around pathogen hyphae, creating compact rope-like formations that physically constrain pathogen growth. Appressorium development allows penetration of pathogen cell walls through mechanical pressure and enzymatic degradation. jbiopestic+1 2. Enzymatic Degradation The organism produces a comprehensive array of hydrolytic enzymes that systematically break down pathogen cell walls: pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih+1 Chitinases: Peak activity at 14 days, targeting chitin components of fungal cell walls pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih β-1,3-glucanases: Maximum production at 8 days, degrading structural glucans pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih Cellulases and Pectinases: Highest activity at 8 days, breaking down cellulose and pectin barriers pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih Proteases: Peak production at 20 days, degrading pathogen proteins and defensive compounds pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih 3. Antibiosis - Chemical Warfare Trichoderma viride produces over 100 antimicrobial secondary metabolites including: scielo.isciii+1 Peptaibols: Membrane-disrupting compounds causing pathogen cell lysis Gliotoxins: Broad-spectrum antifungal metabolites Volatile Compounds: Including 6-pentyl-α-pyrone causing mycelial dissolution pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih Trichomycins: Species-specific antibiotics with targeted activity pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih Competition Mechanisms 4. Nutrient Competition The fungus exhibits rapid colonization of the rhizosphere, effectively competing for: Carbon sources: Superior utilization of root exudates and organic matter Nitrogen compounds: Efficient uptake of amino acids and proteins Iron sequestration: Through siderophore production limiting pathogen access scielo.isciii 5. Space Competition Aggressive growth patterns allow Trichoderma viride to occupy ecological niches before pathogen establishment, creating zone exclusion around plant roots and limiting pathogen colonization sites. scielo.isciii Plant Growth Promotion 6. Root Colonization & Symbiosis Trichoderma viride establishes beneficial endophytic relationships within plant root systems. This colonization triggers induced systemic resistance (ISR) through activation of plant defense pathways without causing tissue damage. indogulfbioag+1 7. Phytohormone Production The organism produces growth-promoting compounds including: Indole Acetic Acid (IAA): Promoting root development and elongation plantprotection Cytokinins: Enhancing shoot growth and tillering Gibberellins: Stimulating stem elongation and flowering plantprotection 8. Nutrient Mobilization Phosphate solubilization activity converts inorganic phosphates to plant-available forms. Nitrogen fixation enhancement through synergistic interactions with rhizobial bacteria improves overall plant nutrition. plantprotection Integrated Action Profile The synergistic combination of these mechanisms provides comprehensive plant protection. Culture filtrate studies demonstrate that 20-day-old cultures show maximum antagonistic activity, corresponding to optimal enzyme and metabolite production. This multi-modal approach ensures effective control against diverse pathogen species while simultaneously promoting plant health and growth. pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih Additional Info Compatibility & Storage Chemical Compatibility: Compatible with most organic inputs but avoid chemical fungicides for 4-5 days after application megbrdc Shelf Life: Maintain viability for 24 months when stored in cool, dry conditions Packaging: Available in powder and liquid formulations farmextensionmanager Environmental Requirements Moisture: Essential factor for growth and survivability - avoid application in dry soil conditions megbrdc Temperature: Optimal growth at 20-30°C with pH range 4.0-8.5 Light Sensitivity: Keep treated seeds away from direct sunlight megbrdc Application Precautions Apply during cooler parts of day to prevent desiccation Ensure adequate soil moisture before and after application Do not store treated FYM for extended periods megbrdc Avoid mixing with copper-based fungicides Dosage & Application Wettable Powder: 2 x 10⁶ CFU per gram Other Uses: Nematicide and Seed care Foliar Application: 1 Acre dose: 3-5 kg, 1 Ha dose: 7.5 - 12.5 Kg Soil Application (Soil drench or Drip irrigation): 1 Acre dose: 3-5 kg, 1 Ha dose: 7.5 - 12.5 Kg Soil Application (Soil drench or Drip irrigation) for Long duration crops / Orchards / Perennials: 1 Acre dose: 3-5 kg, 1 Ha dose: 7.5 - 12.5 Kg, Apply 2 times in 1 Year. Before onset of monsoon and after monsoon. Seed Dressing: 1 Kg seed: 5g Trichoderma Viride + 5g crude sugar Foliar application for Long duration crops / Orchards / Perennials: 1 Acre dose: 1 Kg, 1 Ha dose: 2.5 Kg, Apply 2 times in 1 Year. Before onset of monsoon and after monsoon. Soluble Powder: 1 x 10⁸ CFU per gram Foliar Application: 1 Acre dose: 1 Kg, 1 Ha dose: 2.5 Kg Soil Application (Soil drench or Drip irrigation): 1 Acre dose: 1 Kg, 1 Ha dose: 2.5 Kg Soil Application (Soil drench or Drip irrigation) for Long duration crops / Orchards / Perennials: 1 Acre dose: 1 Kg, 1 Ha dose: 2.5 Kg Seed Dressing: 1 Kg seed: 0.5g Trichoderma Viride + 5g crude sugar Foliar Application for Long duration crops / Orchards / Perennials: 1 Acre dose: 1 Kg, 1 Ha dose: 2.5 Kg, Apply 2 times in 1 Year. Before onset of monsoon and after monsoon. Seed Dressing Method: Mix Trichoderma Viride with crude sugar in sufficient water to make a slurry and coat seeds. Dry in shade and sow / broadcast / dibble in the field. Do not store treated / coated seeds for more than 24 hours. Soil Application Method: Mix Trichoderma Viride at recommended doses with compost and apply at early life stages of crop along with other biofertilizers. First application: At land preparation stage / sowing / planting. Second application: Three weeks after the first application. Mix Trichoderma Viride at recommended doses in sufficient water and drench soil at early leaf stage / 2-4 leaf stage / early crop life cycle. Drip Irrigation: If there are insoluble particles, filter the solution and add to drip tank. For long duration crops / Perennial / Orchard crops: Dissolve Trichoderma Viride at recommended doses in sufficient water and apply as a drenching spray near the root zone twice a year. It is recommended to have the first application before the onset of the main monsoon / rainfall / spring season and the second application after the main monsoon / rainfall / autumn / fall season. Foliar Application Method: Mix Trichoderma Viride at recommended doses in sufficient water and spray on the soil during the off-season. Apply twice a year for long duration crops. It is recommended to have the first application before the onset of the main monsoon / rainfall / spring season and the second application after the main monsoon / rainfall / autumn / fall season. Note: Do not store Trichoderma Viride solution for more than 24 hours after mixing in water. FAQ What is Trichoderma viride and how does it work? Trichoderma viride is a beneficial soil fungus that acts as a powerful biological control agent against plant diseases while promoting growth. This naturally occurring mycoparasite works through multiple mechanisms simultaneously: directly attacking pathogen fungi through mycoparasitism, producing antimicrobial compounds, competing for nutrients and space, and establishing beneficial relationships with plant roots. frontiersin+3 The fungus colonizes plant root systems as a beneficial endophyte, triggering induced systemic resistance while providing protection against soil-borne pathogens like Fusarium, Rhizoctonia, and Pythium species. Studies show Trichoderma viride can achieve up to 70% inhibition of major plant pathogens while simultaneously promoting root development and nutrient uptake. jbiopestic+2 Which crops and diseases can Trichoderma viride control? Trichoderma viride provides broad-spectrum control across numerous crops and diseases: pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih+1 Major Crops Protected Vegetables: Tomato (stem rot, damping off), cauliflower, eggplant, cucumber, peppers plantprotection+1 Field Crops: Rice (sheath blight), potato (black scurf), soybean, peas megbrdc Spice Crops: Turmeric and ginger (rhizome rot), black pepper megbrdc Fruits: Banana (wilt), strawberry (damping off) megbrdc Commercial Crops: Tea (collar rot), betel vine, onion megbrdc Diseases Controlled Soil-borne diseases: Root rot, collar rot, damping off, wilt diseases indogulfbioag+1 Fungal pathogens: Fusarium spp., Rhizoctonia solani, Pythium spp., Sclerotinia sclerotiorum plantprotection+1 Bacterial diseases: Some bacterial wilt and blight conditions megbrdc How long does Trichoderma viride remain active in soil? Trichoderma viride establishes long-term colonization in soil ecosystems, with activity lasting several months under favorable conditions. The fungus multiplies naturally in soil using organic matter as food source, with populations maintained through saprophytic growth between pathogen control activities. discuss.farmnest+1 Persistence Factors Moisture availability: Critical for sustained growth and activity megbrdc Organic matter: Higher organic content supports longer population maintenance discuss.farmnest Temperature: Optimal activity at 20-30°C extends survival duration pH conditions: Normal pH levels (6.0-8.0) support prolonged activity discuss.farmnest Reapplication Schedule: For sustained protection, apply 2-3 times annually at 3-4 month intervals, especially during active growing seasons. discuss.farmnest Can Trichoderma viride be combined with other inputs? Yes, Trichoderma viride shows excellent compatibility with various organic and biological inputs: indogulfbioag+1 Compatible Combinations Organic manures: Mix 1 kg Trichoderma with 10 kg farmyard manure for enhanced efficacy discuss.farmnest+1 Bacterial biocontrol agents: Compatible with Bacillus subtilis and Pseudomonas fluorescens indogulfbioag+1 Mycorrhizal fungi: Works synergistically with arbuscular mycorrhizae indogulfbioag Other Trichoderma species: Can be combined with T. harzianum for broader spectrum control indogulfbioag Avoid Mixing With Chemical fungicides: Maintain 4-5 day gap after Trichoderma application megbrdc Copper-based compounds: Can reduce fungal viability High-salt fertilizers: May inhibit spore germination What are the key benefits beyond disease control? Trichoderma viride provides multiple plant health benefits extending far beyond pathogen control: plantprotection+1 Plant Growth Enhancement Root system development: Enhanced root mass and branching patterns plantprotection Nutrient uptake: Improved phosphate solubilization and nitrogen availability plantprotection Stress tolerance: Increased resistance to drought, salinity, and temperature stress Yield improvement: Field studies show significant increases in crop productivity plantprotection Soil Health Benefits Microbial diversity: Promotes beneficial soil microbe populations mdpi Organic matter decomposition: Accelerates nutrient cycling processes Soil structure: Improves aggregation and water holding capacity pH buffering: Helps maintain optimal soil pH conditions Environmental Advantages Chemical reduction: Reduces dependency on synthetic fungicides indogulfbioag Residue-free: No harmful residues on crops or in soil indogulfbioag Sustainable: Supports long-term agricultural sustainability practices indogulfbioag What are optimal application conditions for maximum effectiveness? Environmental Conditions Soil moisture: Ensure adequate moisture before and after application - never apply to dry soil megbrdc Temperature: Apply during cooler periods (early morning/late evening) farmextensionmanager Season: Best results during active growing seasons with moderate temperatures Application Timing Preventive application: Most effective when applied before pathogen establishment farmextensionmanager Crop stage: Apply during transplanting, flowering, or early growth stages Disease pressure: Increase frequency during high disease pressure periods Success Factors Organic matter: Mix with compost or FYM to enhance establishment discuss.farmnest+1 pH management: Maintain soil pH between 6.0-8.0 for optimal activity discuss.farmnest Avoid stress: Don't expose treated materials to direct sunlight megbrdc Consistent moisture: Maintain soil moisture for sustained fungal activity megbrdc Sustainability Advantage Related Products Ampelomyces quisqualis Bacillus subtilis Bacillus tequilensis Chaetomium cupreum Fusarium proliferatum Lactobacillus plantarum Pediococcus pentosaceus Pseudomonas spp. More Products Resources Read all

Bacillus pumilus produces antibiotics against pathogens, enhances nutrient uptake and drought tolerance, effective biocontrol agent, environmentally safe. < Microbial Species Bacillus pumilus Bacillus pumilus produces antibiotics against pathogens, enhances nutrient uptake and drought tolerance, effective biocontrol agent, environmentally safe. Strength 1 x 10⁸ CFU per gram / 1 x 10⁹ CFU per gram / 1 x 10¹⁰ CFU per gram Product Enquiry Buy this species Download Brochure Benefits Improves soil nutrient cycling Facilitates the breakdown of organic matter and enhances nutrient availability in the soil, promoting better nutrient uptake by plants. Produces antimicrobial compounds Bacillus pumilus synthesizes and secretes antimicrobial compounds that inhibit the growth of various plant pathogens, thereby protecting plants from diseases. Controls fungal pathogens Effectively manages fungal diseases in plants, reducing fungal infection rates and improving overall plant health. Enhances plant tolerance to environmental stresses Boosts plants' ability to withstand adverse environmental conditions such as drought, heat, and salinity. Dosage & Application Additional Info Scientific References Mode of Action Sustainability Advantage FAQ Scientific References Content coming soon! Mode of Action Content coming soon! Additional Info Shelf Life: Stable within 1 year from the date of manufacturing. Packing: We offer tailor-made packaging as per customers' requirements. Dosage & Application Contact us for more details FAQ Content coming soon! Sustainability Advantage Related Products Bacillus amyloliquefaciens Bacillus azotoformans Bacillus circulans Pseudomonas fluorescens Pseudomonas putida Rhodococcus terrae Vesicular arbuscular mycorrhiza Williopsis saturnus More Products Resources Read all

Ampelomyces quisqualis is a mycoparasitic fungus widely known for its ability to parasitize powdery mildew fungi, making it an important biological control agent in agriculture. It infects and disrupts the reproductive structures of powdery mildew pathogens, reducing their spread and impact on crops. This fungus thrives on a variety of host plants, providing eco-friendly and sustainable solutions for managing powdery mildew in fruits, vegetables, and ornamental plants. Its natural mode of action minimizes the need for chemical fungicides, supporting integrated pest management strategies and promoting environmental health. < Microbial Species Ampelomyces quisqualis Ampelomyces quisqualis is a mycoparasitic fungus widely known for its ability to parasitize powdery mildew fungi, making it an important biological control agent in agriculture. It infects and disrupts the reproductive structures of powdery mildew pathogens, reducing their spread and impact on crops. This fungus thrives on a variety of host plants, providing eco-friendly and sustainable solutions for managing powdery mildew in fruits, vegetables, and ornamental plants. Its natural mode of action minimizes the need for chemical fungicides, supporting integrated pest management strategies and promoting environmental health. Strength 1 x 10⁸ CFU per gram / 1 x 10⁹ CFU per gram / 1 x 10¹⁰ CFU per gram Product Enquiry Buy this species Download Brochure Benefits Enhancement of Plant Health Suppresses powdery mildew, allowing plants to allocate resources to growth and development rather than disease defense. Compatibility with Integrated Pest Management (IPM) Integrates well with IPM strategies, reducing reliance on chemical fungicides for sustainable agriculture. Biocontrol of Powdery Mildew Ampelomyces quisqualis effectively controls powdery mildew, parasitizing fungal hyphae and spores, reducing disease severity. Season-long Protection Provides persistent protection against powdery mildew throughout the growing season by establishing on plant surfaces. Dosage & Application Additional Info Scientific References Mode of Action Sustainability Advantage FAQ Scientific References Content coming soon! Mode of Action Content coming soon! Additional Info Target pests: Powdery mildew, Botrytis cinerea, Alternaria solani, Colletotrichum, Coccodes, and Cladosporium cucumerinum Recommended Crops: Cucurbits, grapes, apples, peas, beans, tomatoes, pulses, cumin, chilies, coriander, mangoes, berries, strawberries, medicinal and aromatic crops, and roses. Compatibility: Compatible with Bio Pesticides, Bio Fertilizers, and Plant growth hormones but not with chemical fertilizers and chemical pesticides. Shelf Life: Stable within 1 year from the date of manufacturing. Packing: We offer tailor-made packaging as per customers' requirements. Dosage & Application Wettable Powder: 2 x 10⁶ CFU per gram Foliar Application : 1 Acre dose: 3-5 kg, 1 Ha dose: 7.5 - 12.5 kg Foliar application for Long duration crops / Orchards / Perennials: 1 Acre dose: 3-5 kg, 1 Ha dose: 7.5 - 12.5 kg, Apply 2 times in 1 year. Before onset of monsoon and after monsoon. Soluble Powder: 1 x 10⁸ CFU per gram Foliar Application: 1 Acre dose: 1 kg, 1 Ha dose: 2.5 kg Foliar Application for Long duration crops / Orchards / Perennials: 1 Acre dose: 1 kg, 1 Ha dose: 2.5 kg, Apply 2 times in 1 year. Before onset of monsoon and after monsoon. Foliar Application Method Mix Ampelomyces Quisqualis at recommended doses in sufficient water and spray on foliage. Apply twice a year for long duration crops. It is recommended to apply the first dose before the onset of the main monsoon/rainfall/spring season and the second application after the main monsoon/rainfall/autumn/fall season. Note: Do not store Ampelomyces Quisqualis solution for more than 24 hours after mixing in water. FAQ Content coming soon! Sustainability Advantage Related Products Bacillus subtilis Bacillus tequilensis Chaetomium cupreum Fusarium proliferatum Lactobacillus plantarum Pediococcus pentosaceus Pseudomonas spp. Trichoderma harzianum More Products Resources Read all

Hirsutella Thompsonii is a beneficial fungus used to control various small arachnids such as mites. It produces spores that penetrate the mite's cuticle, leading to paralysis and death. < Microbial Species Hirsutella thompsonii Hirsutella Thompsonii is a beneficial fungus used to control various small arachnids such as mites. It produces spores that penetrate the mite's cuticle, leading to paralysis and death. Strength 1 x 10⁸ CFU per gram / 1 x 10⁹ CFU per gram Product Enquiry Buy this species Download Brochure Benefits Effective mode of action Infects mites through their body contact, leading to paralysis and death. Rapid population reduction Quickly reduces and eliminates mite populations without developing resistance. Environmentally friendly Hirsutella thompsonii is safe for the environment and non-target organisms. High specificity Targets a range of mites and small arachnids while being safe for other organisms. Dosage & Application Additional Info Scientific References Mode of Action Sustainability Advantage FAQ Scientific References Sreerama Kumar P, Singh L. Enabling mycelial application of Hirsutella thompsonii for managing the coconut mite. Experimental and Applied Acarology , 2009;46(1–4):169–182. DOI: 10.1007/s10493-008-9177-3 Mazet I, Vey A. Hirsutellin A, a toxic protein produced in vitro by Hirsutella thompsonii . Microbiology , 1995;141(6):1343–1348. DOI: 10.1099/13500872-141-6-1343 Herrero-Galán E, Lacadena J, Martínez del Pozo Á, Boucias DG, Olmo N, Oñaderra M, Gavilanes JG. The insecticidal protein hirsutellin A from the mite fungal pathogen Hirsutella thompsonii is a ribotoxin. Proteins , 2008;72(1):217–228. DOI: 10.1002/prot.21910 Herrero-Galán E, García-Ortega L, Olombrada M, Lacadena J, Martínez del Pozo Á, Gavilanes JG, Oñaderra M. Hirsutellin A: a paradigmatic example of the insecticidal function of fungal ribotoxins. Insects , 2013;4(3):339–356. DOI: 10.3390/insects4030339 — free full text Maimala S, Tartar A, Boucias D, Chandrapatya A. Detection of the toxin hirsutellin A from Hirsutella thompsonii . Journal of Invertebrate Pathology , 2002;80(2):112–126. DOI: 10.1016/s0022-2011(02)00123-4 Rossi-Zalaf LS, Alves SB. Susceptibility of Brevipalpus phoenicis to entomopathogenic fungi. Experimental and Applied Acarology , 2006;40(1):37–47. DOI: 10.1007/s10493-006-9024-3 Peng CYS, Zhou X, Kaya HK. Virulence and site of infection of the fungus, Hirsutella thompsonii , to the honey bee ectoparasitic mite, Varroa destructor . Journal of Invertebrate Pathology , 2002;81(3):185–195. DOI: 10.1016/s0022-2011(02)00188-x Rosas-Acevedo JL, Boucias DG, Lezama R, Sims K, Pescador A. Exudate from sporulating cultures of Hirsutella thompsonii inhibit oviposition by the two-spotted spider mite Tetranychus urticae . Experimental and Applied Acarology , 2003;29(3–4):213–225. DOI: 10.1023/a:1025801817004 Omoto C, McCoy CW. Toxicity of purified fungal toxin hirsutellin A to the citrus rust mite Phyllocoptruta oleivora (Ash.). Journal of Invertebrate Pathology , 1998;72(3):319–322. DOI: 10.1006/jipa.1998.4813 Gerson U, Gafni A, Paz Z, Sztejnberg A. A tale of three acaropathogenic fungi in Israel: Hirsutella , Meira and Acaromyces . Experimental and Applied Acarology , 2008;46(1–4):183–194. DOI: 10.1007/s10493-008-9202-6 Nuvoloni FM, de Castro EB, Feres RJF. The role of native vegetation on infection rates of Calacarus heveae (Acari: Eriophyidae) by Hirsutella thompsonii (Ascomycota: Ophiocordycipitaceae). Experimental and Applied Acarology , 2014;63(2):157–169. DOI: 10.1007/s10493-014-9771-5 Demite PR, Feres RJF. Seasonality of pathogenic fungi in mites of rubber tree plantations adjacent to fragments of Cerrado. Brazilian Journal of Biology , 2008;68(3):535–538. DOI: 10.1590/s1519-69842008000300010 Kanga LHB, James RR, Boucias DG. Hirsutella thompsonii and Metarhizium anisopliae as potential microbial control agents of Varroa destructor , a honey bee parasite. Journal of Invertebrate Pathology , 2002;81(3):175–184. DOI: 10.1016/s0022-2011(02)00177-5 Smith KE, Wall R, French NP. The use of entomopathogenic fungi for the control of parasitic mites, Psoroptes spp. Veterinary Parasitology , 2000;92(2):97–105. DOI: 10.1016/s0304-4017(00)00277-6 Bałazy S, Wrzosek M, Sosnowska D, Tkaczuk C, Muszewska A. Laboratory trials to infect insects and nematodes by some acaropathogenic Hirsutella strains. Journal of Invertebrate Pathology , 2008;97(2):103–113. DOI: 10.1016/j.jip.2007.08.006 Savi PJ, de Moraes GJ, Hountondji FCC, Nansen C, de Andrade DJ. Compatibility of synthetic and biological pesticides with a biocontrol agent Phytoseiulus longipes (Acari: Phytoseiidae). Experimental and Applied Acarology , 2024;93(2):273–295. DOI: 10.1007/s10493-024-00926-3 — free full text Liu WZ, Boucias DG, McCoy CW. Extraction and characterization of the insecticidal toxin hirsutellin A produced by Hirsutella thompsonii var. thompsonii . Experimental Mycology , 1995;19(4):254–262. DOI: 10.1006/emyc.1995.1032 Boucias DG, Farmerie WG, Pendland JC. Cloning and sequencing of cDNA of the insecticidal toxin hirsutellin A. Journal of Invertebrate Pathology , 1998;72(3):258–261. DOI: 10.1006/jipa.1998.4762 Peer-reviewed sources were located via PubMed. Free full-text links point to PubMed Central where an open-access version is available. Mode of Action Content coming soon! Additional Info What this organism is Hirsutella thompsonii Fisher is a naturally occurring fungal pathogen of mites — an acaropathogen , meaning a fungus whose natural hosts are mites rather than insects. It is classified in the Ascomycota, family Ophiocordycipitaceae [11] . It is not a newly discovered organism. H. thompsonii is found naturally in mite populations across tropical and subtropical growing regions, and it is a well-documented cause of natural epizootics — population crashes — in eriophyid mites on citrus, coconut, rubber and other crops [11] [12] . Products based on it have been developed and used commercially since the 1980s, which makes it one of the longest-studied mycoacaricides. Documented host range Evidence is strongest for eriophyid and tenuipalpid mites: Mite group Example species studied Evidence Eriophyidae Citrus rust mite ( Phyllocoptruta oleivora ) The natural host from which the fungus was first characterized; purified fungal toxin reached almost 100% mortality in leaf bioassays at 100 µg/mL [9] Eriophyidae Coconut mite ( Aceria guerreronis ) Field application of a mycelial formulation reduced post-treatment mite populations by 85.6–97.1% [1] Eriophyidae Rubber tree mites ( Calacarus heveae , Phyllocoptruta seringueirae ) Natural infection documented; strongly seasonal [11] [12] Tenuipalpidae False spider mite ( Brevipalpus phoenicis ) Most virulent of 52 fungal isolates screened; mortality above 90% at 10⁷ conidia/mL [6] Tetranychidae Two-spotted spider mite ( Tetranychus urticae ) Culture exudate suppressed female fecundity by 100% over the first six days in laboratory assay [8] Varroidae Varroa destructor (honey bee mite) Laboratory and observation-hive studies; note that only 3 of 9 isolates tested were infectious [7] [13] Host range is not unlimited. In one in-vitro evaluation against the sheep and rabbit scab mite Psoroptes ovis , H. thompsonii showed no pathogenicity at all, while Metarhizium anisopliae did [14] . Susceptibility has to be established for the specific mite you are targeting. Why strain identity matters Performance varies substantially between isolates of the same species. In a screen of H. thompsonii isolates against Varroa destructor , only three of nine were infectious, and among those three the time to 50% mortality ranged from 52.7 to 96.7 hours [7] . Molecular work has also found H. thompsonii to be a genetically heterogeneous species [15] . Published results for one isolate do not establish the same performance for another. Formulation and storage Formulations: wettable powder (1 × 10⁸ CFU/g) and soluble powder (1 × 10⁹ CFU/g) Packaging: tailor-made to customer requirement Shelf life: stable for 1 year from the date of manufacture under the stated storage conditions Storage: cool, dry conditions, out of direct sunlight; do not store prepared spray solution for more than 24 hours Because this is a living organism, storage conditions directly determine what reaches the field. Heat and prolonged sunlight during storage or transport reduce viable propagule counts. Where it fits Hirsutella thompsonii is used as a component of an integrated mite-management program alongside monitoring, cultural practice, conservation of natural enemies and, where required, conventional acaricides applied on a resistance-management schedule. It is not a substitute for monitoring, and it is not positioned as a stand-alone replacement for every acaricide application. Dosage & Application Rates below are taken from the current product page. Confirm against the approved market-specific label before publication — see open items 1 and 2. Application rates Formulation Potency Foliar rate Water volume Frequency Wettable powder 1 × 10⁸ CFU/g 2 kg per acre (5 kg per hectare) Sufficient for full wetting of the infested plant part Two applications per season for perennial crops Soluble powder 1 × 10⁹ CFU/g 200 g per acre (500 g per hectare) Sufficient for full wetting of the infested plant part Two applications per season for long-duration crops Water volume is not fixed by the rate. What matters is that the spray reaches the mites, which on most crops means high-volume, high-coverage application rather than a concentrated low-volume pass. When to apply Hirsutella thompsonii is a living fungus that has to reach the mite, germinate on its cuticle and grow into it. Timing is therefore not a calendar decision — it is a decision about mite stage, weather, and canopy conditions. Apply at the first confirmed sign of mite activity, not after visible crop damage. Mite populations are far easier to hold down while they are building than after they have peaked. Time applications to humid periods. In coconut systems the conventional pattern is one application before the onset of monsoon and one after. In rubber plantations in Brazil, natural infection of pest mites by H. thompsonii peaked during the rainy season and fell below 5% in the dry season, which is why the authors described it as suited to rainy-season use [12] . Spray in the early morning or late afternoon. Conidia need moisture to germinate and are damaged by strong sunlight; simulated sunlight reduced conidium production by H. thompsonii in laboratory testing [1] . Avoid application immediately before heavy rain, which washes the inoculum off the leaf or fruit surface before it can establish. Repeat as the monitoring data requires. A second application is normally needed where mite pressure continues, because the fungus does not act instantly — see the response-time note below. Mixing and spray preparation Prepare the spray fresh and use it within 24 hours of mixing , as stated on the product label. Keep the spray tank out of direct sun while mixing and during application. Agitate continuously so the suspension does not settle. Do not use chlorinated water without checking it first; free chlorine can reduce viability of the propagules. Clean the tank of previous chemical residues, particularly fungicide residues, before loading. Check spray-water pH and hardness against the label requirements. Coverage Eriophyid mites are small and often sheltered. Coconut mite ( Aceria guerreronis ) lives under the fruit perianth; citrus rust mite lives on the fruit and leaf surface; tarsonemid and tetranychid mites concentrate on the underside of leaves. Direct the spray at the part of the plant the mite actually occupies , not simply at the canopy. Coverage failure is one of the most common reasons a biological acaricide underperforms. How quickly to expect a response This is not a knockdown product. Infection develops over days, not hours. Under laboratory conditions on the false spider mite Brevipalpus phoenicis , conidia were attached to the mite cuticle at 24 hours, colonization was evident by 48 hours, and the fungus produced new conidia on the cadaver at 120 hours [6] . On Varroa destructor , the time to 50% mortality ranged from 52.7 to 96.7 hours depending on which isolate was used [7] . Assess results five to seven days after application, not the next day. Before scale-up Any rate not printed on a registered label for your market is a starting point for controlled trial design, not a registered label recommendation. Confirm compatibility, viability after mixing, plant safety and performance on a small block before commercial use. Results may vary with mite species, crop, canopy, climate, application method, water quality and management. Use only in accordance with the current product label and local requirements. Dosage & Application Rates below reflect the formulation grades currently listed on the product page (1×10⁸, 1×10⁹ and 1×10¹⁰ CFU/g). Confirm every figure against the current approved market-specific label before publication — see open items 1 and 2. Application rates Formulation Potency Foliar rate Soil application Water volume Frequency Wettable powder 1 × 10⁸ CFU/g 2 kg/acre (5 kg/hectare) 2–5 kg/acre (5–12.5 kg/hectare) Sufficient for full coverage of the infested plant part Two applications per season for long-duration crops (pre- and post-monsoon) Soluble powder 1 × 10⁹ CFU/g 200 g/acre (500 g/hectare) 200–500 g/acre (500 g–1.25 kg/hectare) Sufficient for full coverage of the infested plant part Two applications per season for long-duration crops Soluble powder (high potency) 1 × 10¹⁰ CFU/g Technical powder - Generally not used in the field at this concentration - — — Rates on registered labels are set per market and per crop; the table above is the rate structure currently published on the site, not a substitute for the approved label in your target market. When to apply Lecanicillium lecanii is a living fungus. It has to land on the pest, germinate, and penetrate the cuticle before it does anything — so timing is a decision about pest stage and canopy humidity, not a fixed calendar date. Target the young stages. Susceptibility is not uniform across the pest's life cycle. In whitefly, second-instar nymphs were the most susceptible life stage tested, followed by third-instar nymphs, in a study on Bemisia tabaci Q-biotype [1] . Scout for nymphs and time the first application to when young nymphs are present rather than waiting for visible adult flight activity. Spray into humid conditions, not a dry spell. Every step of infection — conidial attachment, germination, cuticle penetration — is a moisture-dependent process on an exposed leaf surface. Published screening of entomopathogenic fungi for aphid control found the highest virulence of a L. lecanii strain at 75% relative humidity and 25°C, with control values near 100% within two to five days; the same strain still outperformed the other fungi tested at a lower 45% RH, but humidity remained a first-order variable in every trial in that study [2] . Early morning or evening application, when leaf surfaces retain moisture longest, is preferable to a midday spray into low humidity. Match temperature to the biology. L. lecanii is mesophilic, with optimum growth around 25°C and conidial germination reported across a broad 15–30°C range; one screened strain was also able to germinate at 35°C, wider than several other isolates tested in the same study [2] . Very cool or very hot spray windows will slow both germination and pest kill. Do not expect a fast knock-down. Infection is a multi-day process. In an ultrastructural study on the mealybug Phenacoccus fraxinus , conidia had attached and begun penetrating the cuticle by 24 hours, and internal tissues (fat body, trachea, muscle, nerve tissue) were being colonized by 48 hours [3] . Assess results several days after application, not the next day. Repeat applications as monitoring data requires, and follow the biannual (pre- and post-monsoon) pattern shown above for long-duration crops. Mixing and spray preparation Prepare the spray fresh and use it within 24 hours of mixing. Keep the spray tank out of direct sun while mixing and during application; sunlight and desiccation both reduce propagule viability on the leaf surface. Agitate continuously so the suspension does not settle. Treat fungicides as incompatible unless a specific test says otherwise. L. lecanii is a fungus, and it has been documented as highly sensitive to fungicide chemistry. In a 2023 study, wild-type Akanthomyces (Lecanicillium) lecanii strains were sensitive to the triazole fungicide tebuconazole at agriculturally recommended field doses; the authors had to develop UV-mutagenized, fungicide-resistant strains specifically because the wild-type organism was not tolerant of it [4] . This is the single most important compatibility caution on this page — clean the tank of fungicide residues before loading, and do not tank-mix with a fungicide unless it has been tested against the specific product batch. Check spray-water pH, hardness and residual chlorine against the label requirements; chlorinated water can reduce propagule viability in microbial products generally. Coverage Whiteflies and aphids cluster on the underside of leaves and around new growth. Direct the spray at the underside of the canopy and the growing points , not just the top of the plant. Coverage failure — spraying the upper canopy while the pest colonizes leaf undersides — is one of the most common reasons a biological insecticide underperforms in the field. Before scale-up Any rate not printed on a registered label for your market is a starting point for controlled trial design, not a registered label recommendation. Confirm compatibility, viability after mixing, plant safety and performance on a small block before commercial use. Results may vary with pest species, life stage, crop, canopy, climate, application method, water quality and management. Use only in accordance with the current product label and local requirements. FAQ What is Hirsutella thompsonii and why is it used as a mycoacaricide? Hirsutella thompsonii Fisher is a fungus that naturally infects and kills mites. "Mycoacaricide" simply means a mite-control product based on a fungus. It is used because it is one of the few fungal pathogens whose natural hosts are plant-feeding mites rather than insects, because it causes natural population crashes in eriophyid mites in the field, and because it has a mode of action unrelated to synthetic acaricides. It belongs to the Ascomycota, family Ophiocordycipitaceae [11] . Does Hirsutella thompsonii control coconut eriophyid mite ( Aceria guerreronis )? Coconut mite is one of the best-documented targets. In a field study in India, a mycelial formulation of H. thompsonii tank-mixed with adjuvants reduced post-treatment coconut mite populations by 85.6–97.1%. Palms treated with the fungus plus glycerol showed a mean pre-harvest nut damage grade of 2.0, against 4.0 in untreated control palms [1] . Two boundaries on that result. It was obtained with a specific mycelial formulation and specific adjuvants, and coconut mite lives under the fruit perianth, which makes spray coverage the limiting factor in practice. Results depend heavily on getting inoculum into that sheltered space. How does Hirsutella thompsonii infect and kill mites? By direct penetration of the cuticle, followed by internal colonization — not by ingestion, and not by contact paralysis. Scanning electron microscopy of the infection sequence on Brevipalpus phoenicis showed conidia attached to the mite integument within 24 hours, germinating and penetrating at the base of the setae on the hysterosoma; colonization was evident by 48 hours, and mycelium and conidiophores emerged from the cadaver by 120 hours [6] . On Varroa destructor , the point of entry was identified as the membranous arolium of the leg sucker [7] . The fungus also produces hirsutellin A (HtA) , a 15 kDa protein toxin [2] that has been characterized as a ribotoxin — it inactivates ribosomes by cleaving a single specific bond in ribosomal RNA, shutting down protein synthesis in the host [3] [4] . Purified HtA reached close to 100% mortality of adult citrus rust mite at 100 µg/mL in leaf bioassays, and reduced egg-laying before the mites died [9] . Importantly, the toxin is not the whole story. A survey of 162 H. thompsonii strains found the HtA gene in 100 of them, but its presence was not associated with greater insecticidal activity — strains with and without an amplifiable HtA gene produced filtrates causing the same average mortality. The authors concluded that HtA is required for neither survival nor pathogenicity, and that other, uncharacterized factors are involved [5] . A separate study found that an exudate from sporulating cultures suppressed spider mite egg-laying through a factor distinct from HtA [8] . Which types of mites are most commonly targeted by Hirsutella thompsonii ? Chiefly three families: Eriophyidae (rust, bud, gall and blister mites) — citrus rust mite, coconut mite, rubber tree mites. This is where the evidence is strongest [1] [9] [12] Tenuipalpidae (false spider mites) — Brevipalpus phoenicis , where H. thompsonii was by far the most virulent of 52 fungal isolates screened [6] Tetranychidae (spider mites) — effects on Tetranychus urticae are documented, including strong suppression of egg-laying [8] It has also been studied against the honey bee parasite Varroa destructor [7] [13] . It is not universally pathogenic to mites: against the scab mite Psoroptes ovis it showed no pathogenicity in laboratory testing [14] . Why do humidity, temperature and sunlight affect Hirsutella thompsonii performance? Because every step of infection is a biological process happening on an exposed leaf or fruit surface. Humidity is the critical one. A conidium must take up water to germinate before it can penetrate the mite. This requirement is well enough established to have decided the outcome of a commercial program: in Israel, H. thompsonii was introduced twice against citrus rust mite and killed 80–90% of exposed mites, but "due to its requirements for near-saturation humidities was deemed unsuitable for local outdoors conditions" [10] . That is the single most important limitation of this organism, and any honest recommendation has to start there. Sunlight damages fungal propagules and reduces the fungus's ability to produce new spores. Irradiance with simulated sunlight reduced conidiogenesis in laboratory work, although adjuvant treatment substantially offset the loss [1] . Temperature governs the speed of germination and growth. It interacts with humidity: warm dry conditions are the worst combination, because they accelerate drying of the spray deposit without supporting infection. The seasonal pattern in the field follows directly. In Brazilian rubber plantations, natural infection of pest mites peaked from November to February — the rainy season — and fell below 5% in the dry season [12] . What is the best time of day or weather condition to apply Hirsutella thompsonii ? Early morning or late afternoon, into a humid period, with rain not imminent. Late afternoon application gives the deposit a full night of high humidity and dew before the next day's sun Early morning application also works where dew persists Avoid mid-day application in bright sun and low humidity Avoid spraying immediately before heavy rain, which washes inoculum off before it establishes In monsoon-influenced systems, applications before the onset of monsoon and after monsoon are the conventional pattern for perennial crops Prefer overcast, humid conditions over clear, dry ones Time of day matters, but it is second to humidity. A perfectly timed evening spray into a dry spell will still underperform. Can Hirsutella thompsonii be mixed with fungicides, acaricides or other crop-protection products? Treat fungicides as incompatible unless a specific test says otherwise. H. thompsonii is a fungus. A fungicide that controls plant pathogens will generally also affect it, and this is the most common way a biological acaricide application is wasted. For other products, published compatibility data specific to H. thompsonii is limited, and general findings from related fungi do not transfer reliably. In one study of acaropathogenic fungi in Israel, three species tolerated most locally used insecticides and acaricides with the notable exception of sulfur [10] — but that result was for Meira and Acaromyces species, not for H. thompsonii , and should not be read across. The honest position: compatibility should be confirmed under the intended tank-mix conditions before commercial use. Evaluate physical mixing, viability of the fungus after the expected contact period, plant safety and performance. Where a mix has not been tested, apply the products separately and leave an interval between them. The current product documentation states compatibility with biopesticides, biofertilizers and plant growth regulators, and incompatibility with chemical fertilizers and chemical pesticides. Follow that guidance and verify locally before scaling a new mix. Does Hirsutella thompsonii affect beneficial insects or predatory mites? The evidence separates into two parts, and the second is often left out. Beneficial insects. In honey bee studies, H. thompsonii was harmless to the bees at the concentrations applied and had no deleterious effect on queen fecundity [13] . A separate study found it did not infect honey bees at larval, prepupal, pupal or adult stages under the rearing conditions used [7] . Predatory mites. Here there is a measurable effect. A formulated H. thompsonii product tested against the predatory mite Phytoseiulus longipes significantly reduced its net reproductive rate, intrinsic rate of increase and finite rate of increase. Under the IOBC toxicity classification the product was rated slightly harmful to adults, and residues became harmless to the predator around 10 days after spraying [16] . For comparison, in the same study four conventional insecticides were highly harmful to both eggs and adults and remained so past 31 days. The practical reading: H. thompsonii is markedly gentler on predatory mites than broad-spectrum chemistry, but it is not inert toward them. Where predatory mites are released as part of the program, allow roughly 10 days between application and release. Why can field performance of Hirsutella thompsonii vary between crops and seasons? Six reasons, most of which can be managed: Humidity and season. The dominant factor. Natural infection rates in one field system ranged from a rainy-season peak to under 5% in the dry season [12] , and a whole commercial program was judged unsuitable in one region because the local climate did not supply the humidity the fungus needs [10] Mite species. Susceptibility differs by family and by species, from highly susceptible eriophyids and tenuipalpids through to species that showed no infection at all [6] [14] Strain. Only three of nine isolates were infectious in one screen, and speed of kill varied nearly two-fold among those three [7] Coverage and mite habitat. A mite sheltered under a coconut perianth or on the underside of a dense canopy is much harder to reach than one on an exposed fruit surface Sunlight and formulation. Solar exposure reduces spore production, and adjuvants measurably offset that loss — one adjuvant raised conidium density by an average of 106% over control and boosted pathogenicity by 16.5% [1] Crop microclimate and surroundings. Management type and adjacent native vegetation both influenced infection rates in rubber plantations, with native vegetation acting as a reservoir and moderating the crop microclimate [11] The implication for a grower is that this product rewards attention to conditions. Applied into humid weather, at the right mite stage, with full coverage of the infested plant part, it performs very differently from the same product applied into a dry, sunny window. Sustainability Advantage Related Products Beauveria bassiana Isaria fumosorosea Lecanicillium lecanii Metarhizium anisopliae Nomuraea rileyi More Products Resources Read all

Rhodospirillum molischianum is a phototrophic bacterium known for its role in anoxygenic photosynthesis. It uses bacteriochlorophylls to capture light energy and metabolize organic compounds, thriving in low-oxygen aquatic and soil environments. This bacterium contributes to carbon cycling and plays a role in ecosystem nutrient balance. Its well-studied light-harvesting complexes make it a model organism for research into photosynthetic mechanisms and bioenergetics, with potential applications in bioenergy and environmental management. < Microbial Species Rhodospirillum molischianum Rhodospirillum molischianum is a phototrophic bacterium known for its role in anoxygenic photosynthesis. It uses bacteriochlorophylls to capture light energy and metabolize organic compounds, thriving in low-oxygen aquatic and soil environments. This bacterium contributes to carbon cycling and plays a role in ecosystem nutrient balance. Its well-studied light-harvesting complexes make it a model organism for research into photosynthetic mechanisms and bioenergetics, with potential applications in bioenergy and environmental management. Strength 1 x 10⁸ CFU per gram / 1 x 10⁹ CFU per gram / 1 x 10¹⁰ CFU per gram Product Enquiry Buy this species Download Brochure Benefits Hydrogen Production Capable of producing hydrogen gas, offering potential for renewable energy solutions. Soil Health Enhancement Improves nutrient cycling in soils, promoting plant growth and ecosystem vitality. Photosynthetic Growth Utilizes light energy for metabolic processes, supporting sustainable biomass production. Organic Pollutant Biodegradation Effectively degrades organic contaminants, contributing to bioremediation efforts. Dosage & Application Additional Info Scientific References Mode of Action Sustainability Advantage FAQ Scientific References Content coming soon! Mode of Action Content coming soon! Additional Info Contact us for more details Dosage & Application Contact us for more details FAQ Content coming soon! Sustainability Advantage Related Products Saccharomyces cerevisiae Bacillus polymyxa Thiobacillus novellus Thiobacillus thiooxidans Alcaligenes denitrificans Bacillus licheniformis Bacillus macerans Citrobacter braakii More Products Resources Read all