Multi-Bio is a double action bio-fertilizer recipe, formulated by the research team at Indogulf BioAg. Suppliers & Manufacterers USA PRODUCT OVERVIEW MULTI-BIO is a double action bio-fertilizer recipe, formulated by the research team at Indogulf BioAg . It is primarily mycorrhiza based, and hence provides all the goodness to the root of the plant through mycorrhiza fungi. Additionally, multi-bio also contains all essential nutrients which the plant needs to grow healthy and strong. This double advantage which MULTI-BIO provides work together indigenously as the soil receives essential nutrients organically and the root system of the plant is enhanced due to the mycorrhiza fungi which is present in the recipe. Features & Benefits Pollution-free and eco-friendly. Fast Seed Germination, Flowering, and Maturity in Crop. Restore natural Fertility. Increase yield by 20% to 25%. Has no harmful effect on Soil Fertility and Plant growth. Provide Positive residual effect for Subsequent Crops. Powder Composition Per 100gms & Liquid Water Soluble Composition per 100 ml Mode of Action PGPR facilitates plant growth and development both directly and indirectly. Direct stimulation includes providing plants with fixed nitrogen, phytohormones, iron that has been sequestered by bacterial siderophores, and soluble phosphate, while indirect stimulation of plant growth includes preventing phytopathogens (biocontrol) and thus, promote plant growth and development. Perform these functions through specific enzymes, which provoke morphological and physiological changes in plants which enhance plant nutrient and water uptake. Dosage and Method of Application Powder Usage Mix 40 grams MULTI-BIO powder in 500 Ltrs of water and mix in a drip irrigation system or use in a Spray for one acre of Crop. Preferably used before the use of any anti-weed, anti-fungal products. Liquid Usage Mix 40ml of MULTI-BIO liquid in 500 Liters of water for one acre of crop. Preferably used before the use of any anti-weed, anti-fungal products. Liquid Dosage Seed Treatment: Cereals – Paddy, Wheat, Maize, Barley, Oats, Millets, etc., Mix 20 ml of Multi-Bio Liquid in 500 ml of water thoroughly. With this mix 15kgs of seeds till all the seeds are uniformly coated. Dry the seeds in Shade before sowing. Root Dip Treatment: Mix 40 ml of Multi-Bio Liquid in 5 Liters of water and dip the roots before planting for 1 acre. Or prepare a small bed in the field and add 40ml of Multi-Bio Liquid with water ½ inch depth. Dip the roots of the plants to be planted for 1 acre in this suspension for 8 to 12 hours before planting. Main Field Application: Mix 40 ml in 20 Liters and treat soil via drip system for 1 acre of land. Application Frequency: For main field application, treat the soil before sowing and once again at the flowering stage. Recommended Crops Cotton, Sugarcane, Rice, Tea, Coffee, Carrot, lettuce, Tomato, Pepper, Legumes, Lettuce, Carrot, Peanuts Shelf Life & Packaging Storage: Store in a cool dry place at Room Temperature. Shelf life: 24 Months from date of manufacture. Packaging: Powder 1 Kg Pouch & 1 Litre bottle. The presence of mycorrhizal fungi is a part as vital to sustainable agricultural production as our own intestinal flora is to our nutrition. Mycorrhizal fungi, alongside beneficial bacteria, form the basis of the soil ecosystem and are the first organisms that really break down the nutrients present there into a form that is truly available for plants to use them. [Read more ] Downloads Product Information Label Information Click here for Product Enquiry Related Articles Four principles of organic agriculture (3/4): Fairness Unfairness is unsustainable, and organic agriculture aims for sustainability: it must, consequently, be fair. Even if it is not a part of... Organic agriculture significantly reduces greenhouse gas emissions, according to 23 years of data. According to the most recent data on the subject, no less than a quarter of all the world’s greenhouse gas emissions come from... Could mycorrhizal fungi serve as a defense barrier against climate change? The presence of mycorrhizal fungi is a part as vital to sustainable agricultural production as our own intestinal flora is to our nutrition. Mycorrhizal fungi, alongside beneficial bacteria, form the basis of the soil ecosystem and are the first organisms that really break down the nutrients present there into a form that is truly available for plants to use them. But recent research shows that they can also do more: they could be our first line of defense against climate ch

< Crop Kits Bacterial Blight Bacterial Blight (Xanthomonas oryzae) causes water-soaked lesions with yellow halos on leaves, requiring resistant varieties and bactericides. Product Enquiry Download Brochure Benefits Composition Dosage & Application Additional Info Dosage & Application Additional Info Related Products Aminomax SP Annomax BioProtek Biocupe Neem Plus Seed Protek Silicomax Dates Pro More Products Resources Read all

Cellulomonas carate is a highly active compost-degrading bacterium that excels in breaking down cellulose and other organic materials, making it invaluable for sustainable agriculture and bio-composting systems. < Microbial Species Cellulomonas carate Cellulomonas carate is a highly active compost-degrading bacterium that excels in breaking down cellulose and other organic materials, making it invaluable for sustainable agriculture and… Show More Strength 1 x 10⁸ CFU per gram / 1 x 10⁹ CFU per gram Product Enquiry Download Brochure Benefits Activates growth of beneficial microbes It promotes the growth of beneficial microorganisms that aid in compost decomposition. Friendly to beneficial insects Cellulomonas carate does not harm beneficial insects involved in composting processes. Doubles composting speed This bacterium accelerates the composting process, speeding up the breakdown of organic materials. Eliminates foul odors Cellulomonas carate helps to reduce unpleasant odors during the composting process. Dosage & Application Additional Info Scientific References Mode of Action FAQ Scientific References Cellulomonas is widely cited in studies of cellulose degradation, composting processes, and bioremediation, with research published in journals such as Frontiers in Microbiology , ScienceDirect Topics , and Genomic Encyclopedia of Bacteria . sciencedirect+5 Genome sequencing reveals a high GC content (typically 71–76 mol%), multiple cellulase genes, and robust metabolic pathways for cellulose breakdown. pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih+2 Mode of Action Cellulomonas carate secretes potent extracellular cellulase enzymes that target and hydrolyze cellulose—the most abundant organic polymer found in plant biomass. The multi-step degradation involves: sciencedirect+2 Endoglucanase: Breaks internal bonds of cellulose chains. Exoglucanase: Releases cellobiose from the non-reducing ends. β-glucosidase: Converts cellobiose and cellooligosaccharides to glucose. frontiersin This synergy allows Cellulomonas to transform tough plant fibers into easily assimilated sugars, accelerating composting and nutrient cycling. frontiersin Additional Info Characteristics Morphology: Gram-positive, rod-shaped, or short coccus, non-sporulating, sometimes motile. pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih+2 Catalase positive, aerobic or facultatively anaerobic, with yellow pigmentation and fermentative metabolism. taylorandfrancis+1 Peptidoglycan contains L-ornithine; the predominant menaquinone is MK-9(H4). pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih Adaptable across neutral to alkaline environments, thriving in compost, soil, and organic-rich niches. pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih Genome size ranges 4–4.25 Mbp, with high GC content. journals.asm+3 Recommended Crops Cereals, Millets, Pulses, Oilseeds, Fibre Crops, Sugar Crops, Forage Crops, Plantation crops, Vegetables, Fruits, Spices, Flowers, Medicinal crops, Aromatic Crops, Orchards, and Ornamentals. Compatibility Compatible with Bio Pesticides, Bio Fertilizers, and Plant growth hormones but not with chemical fertilizers and chemical pesticides. Shelf Life Stable within 1 year from the date of manufacturing. Packing We offer tailor-made packaging as per customers' requirements. Dosage & Application Contact us for more details FAQ What is the function of Cellulomonas? Cellulomonas specializes in degrading cellulose, transforming complex plant residues into simple sugars for microbial and plant use. Its enzymatic activity supports efficient composting, soil enrichment, and recycling of agricultural waste. indogulfbioag+1 What is a cellulosome? A cellulosome is a sophisticated multi-enzyme complex found on the surface of certain anaerobic bacteria, organizing various catalytic units for efficient cellulose breakdown. Cellulomonas, an aerobic actinobacterium, produces high levels of extracellular cellulases but does not form a classic cellulosome; instead, it relies on secreted enzymes for degradation. frontiersin What is the morphology of Cellulomonas? Cellulomonas are primarily gram-positive rods, sometimes coccus-shaped, non-sporulating, and may be motile or non-motile. They form single cells or pair arrangements, often with distinctive yellow pigmentation. biorxiv+4 What are the main characteristics of Cellulomonas? Gram-positive, catalase-positive, rod-shaped or coccus. pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih+2 Strong cellulolytic activity due to diverse extracellular enzymes. frontiersin Aerobic but some species can grow anaerobically. pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih Found in soil, compost, rumen, and industrial waste. pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih+1 Genome features: high GC content, robust metabolic versatility. pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih+2 Cellulomonas carate and related species are indispensable for efficient composting, sustainable agriculture, and the natural carbon cycle. indogulfbioag+2 Related Products Aspergillus niger Aspergillus oryzae Cellulomonas gelida Cellulomonas uda More Products Resources Read all

Metarhizium anisopliae is a globally distributed entomopathogenic fungus that parasitizes over 200 insect species by adhering to and penetrating their cuticle using specialized appressoria and cuticle-degrading enzymes. Its safety profile includes minimal vertebrate toxicity and limited non-target impacts when used at label rates, making it a key component of integrated pest management. < Microbial Species Metarhizium anisopliae Metarhizium anisopliae is a globally distributed entomopathogenic fungus that parasitizes over 200 insect species by adhering to and penetrating their cuticle using specialized appressoria and… Show More Strength 1 x 10⁸ CFU per gram / 1 x 10⁹ CFU per gram Product Enquiry Download Brochure Benefits Effective mode of action Infects pests through contact, leading to population reduction. Long-term efficacy Provides sustainable pest control without inducing resistance. Environmentally friendly Safe for the environment and non-target species. High specificity Targets root weevils, plant hoppers, Japanese beetles, and more. Dosage & Application Additional Info Scientific References Mode of Action FAQ Scientific References Zimmermann G. Review on safety of the entomopathogenic fungus Metarhizium anisopliae . Biocontrol Science & Technology. 2007;17(9):879–920. https://doi.org/10.1080/09583150701593963 Ortiz-Urquiza A, Keyhani NO. Action on the surface: entomopathogenic fungi versus the insect cuticle. Insects. 2013;4(3):357–374. https://doi.org/10.3390/insects4030357 Milner RJ, Lim RP, Hunter DM. Risks to the aquatic ecosystem from the application of Metarhizium anisopliae for locust control in Australia. Pest Management Science. 2002;58(7):718–723. https://doi.org/10.1002/ps.517 Wang C, St. Leger RJ. Insights into the molecular basis of host specificity in Metarhizium . Advances in Genetics. 2016;94:241–275. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.advenzreg.2016.02.005 Mode of Action Mode of Action Metarhizium anisopliae infects insects via a multistep process: – Adhesion & Germination : Conidia adhere to the waxy insect cuticle using hydrophobins, then germinate and form an appressorium. – Cuticle Penetration : Appressoria generate penetration pegs that breach the cuticle through mechanical pressure and secretion of proteases (Pr1), chitinases, and lipases. – Haemocoel Colonization : Once inside, hyphal bodies (“blastospores”) proliferate in the hemolymph. Fungal proteases and toxins (destruxins) suppress host immunity, inducing septicaemia. – Cadaver Sporulation : After insect death (4–14 days), hyphae erupt and sporulate, releasing new conidia into the environment. – Plant Interaction (Endophytism) : Certain Metarhizium strains colonize plant roots, promoting growth via phytohormone modulation and nutrient solubilization, although this symbiosis is under active investigation. Additional Info Target pests: Root weevils, plant hoppers, Japanese beetle, black vine weevil, spittlebug, termites, white grubs. Recommended Crops: Cereals, Millets, Pulses, Oilseeds, Fibre Crops, Sugar Crops, Forage Crops, Plantation crops, Vegetables, Fruits, Spices, Flowers, Medicinal crops, Aromatic Crops, Orchards, and Ornamentals. Compatibility: Compatible with Bio Pesticides, Bio Fertilizers, and Plant growth hormones but not with chemical fertilizers and chemical pesticides. Shelf Life: Stable within 1 year from the date of manufacturing. Packing: We offer tailor-made packaging as per customers' requirements. Dosage & Application Wettable Powder: 1 x 10⁸ CFU per gram Foliar Application : 1 Acre dose: 2 kg 1 Ha dose: 5 kg Soil Application (Soil drench or Drip irrigation) : 1 Acre dose: 2-5 kg 1 Ha dose: 5-12.5 kg Soil Application (Soil drench or Drip irrigation) for Long Duration Crops / Orchards / Perennials : 1 Acre dose: 2-5 kg 1 Ha dose: 5-12.5 kg Apply 2 times a year: before onset of monsoon and after monsoon Foliar Application for Long Duration Crops / Orchards / Perennials : 1 Acre dose: 2 kg 1 Ha dose: 5 kg Apply 2 times a year: before onset of monsoon and after monsoon Soluble Powder: 1 x 10⁹ CFU per gram Foliar Application : 1 Acre dose: 200 g 1 Ha dose: 500 g Soil Application (Soil drench or Drip irrigation) : 1 Acre dose: 200-500 g 1 Ha dose: 500 g - 1.25 kg Soil Application (Soil drench or Drip irrigation) for Long Duration Crops / Orchards / Perennials : 1 Acre dose: 200-500 g 1 Ha dose: 500 g - 1.25 kg Apply 2 times a year: before onset of monsoon and after monsoon Application Methods Soil Application Method : Mix Metarhizium Anisopliae at recommended doses with compost and apply at early life stages of crop along with other biofertilizers. Mix Metarhizium Anisopliae at recommended doses in sufficient water and drench soil at early leaf stage/2-4 leaf stage/early crop life cycle. Drip Irrigation: If there are insoluble particles, filter the solution and add to drip tank. Long duration crops / Perennial / Orchard crops: Dissolve Metarhizium Anisopliae at recommended doses in sufficient water and apply as a drenching spray near the root zone during the off-season, twice a year. It is recommended to have the first application before the onset of the main monsoon/rainfall/spring season and the second application after the main monsoon/rainfall/autumn/fall season. Termatarium application: Destroy the termatarium and drench the termatarium area with a liberal quantity of water with recommended doses. Foliar Application Method : Mix Metarhizium Anisopliae at recommended doses in sufficient water and spray on foliage. Apply twice a year for long duration crops. It is recommended to have the first application before the onset of the main monsoon/rainfall/spring season and the second application after the main monsoon/rainfall/autumn/fall season. Note : Do not store Metarhizium Anisopliae solution for more than 24 hours after mixing in water. FAQ Metarhizium anisopliae is an entomopathogenic fungus targeting over 200 insect pests via cuticle penetration, hemolymph invasion, and sporulation—safe for vertebrates with low non-target impact.[ frontiersin ] How Can Metarhizium anisopliae Be Used for Effective Pest Control? Apply M. anisopliae (1×10⁸ CFU/g WP or 1×10⁹ CFU/g SP) against soil/foliar pests like root weevils, white grubs, termites, aphids, thrips, and locusts. Mortality occurs in 4-14 days at 20-30°C and >70% RH; conidia adhere via hydrophobins, penetrate with proteases/chitinases, colonize hemolymph with destruxins.[ ppl-ai-file-upload.s3.amazonaws ] Key tips : Target early instars for faster kill. Combine with oils for adhesion. Integrate with IPM; avoid fungicides.[ frontiersin ] What Are the Best Ways to Apply Metarhizium anisopliae in the Field? Use foliar spray, soil drench/drip, or termatarium drench. Optimal: Late afternoon/early morning, >60% RH, 18-30°C; fine-medium droplets, no runoff. Is Metarhizium anisopliae Effective for Controlling Ticks? Yes, M. anisopliae controls ticks like Haemaphysalis longicornis , Rhipicephalus microplus , Ixodes scapularis (Lyme vector)—66-97% mortality in lab/field, reducing egg hatch/engorgement. Virulent against acaricide-resistant strains; mycosis in 36-90% cadavers.pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih+3 Efficacy data : Nymphs: 87-96% reduction post-spray.[ academic.oup ] Cattle: Mazao Tickoff matches chemicals.[ pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih ] Safe: Low persistence minimizes non-targets.[ frontiersin ] Apply as yard spray/autodissemination; persist weeks in soil.pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih+1 How Can You Improve the Growth and Performance of Metarhizium anisopliae? Optimize culture: 25-28°C, 70-90% RH, rice/grain substrates; add oils/nutrients for conidia yield. Field: High humidity (mist if <70%), shade (UV kills spores), strain selection (e.g., JEF-290 for ticks).frontiersin+1[ ppl-ai-file-upload.s3.amazonaws ] Enhancement strategies : Formulation : Oil emulsions boost adhesion/viability.[ benchchem ] Strains : Endophytic types promote plant growth + pest control.pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih+1 Co-application : With plant extracts (e.g., Artemisia) synergizes LT50.[ frontiersin ] Storage : Cool/dry; viability >90% year 1.[ ppl-ai-file-upload.s3.amazonaws ] Seed priming/root colonization improves persistence/growth promotion.[ pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih ] Related : Mode of action at Metarhizium page .[ ppl-ai-file-upload.s3.amazonaws ] Further Reading Tick Control with Metarhizium [ frontiersin ] Field Efficacy Studies [ pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih ] Application Protocols [ benchchem ] Related Products Beauveria bassiana Hirsutella thompsonii Isaria fumosorosea Lecanicillium lecanii Nomuraea rileyi More Products Resources Read all

Williopsis saturnus enhances nutrient uptake, improves soil fertility, suppresses soil-borne pathogens, promotes root development and yield, contributes to environmental sustainability, effective in agriculture. < Microbial Species Williopsis saturnus Williopsis saturnus enhances nutrient uptake, improves soil fertility, suppresses soil-borne pathogens, promotes root development and yield, contributes to environmental sustainability, effective in agriculture. Strength 1 x 10⁸ CFU per gram / 1 x 10⁹ CFU per gram Product Enquiry Download Brochure Benefits Safe and eco-friendly Considered safe for use in agriculture and environmentally friendly, minimizing chemical inputs and residues. Enhances shelf life of fruits Helps extend the shelf life of fruits by reducing spoilage caused by fungal infections, improving fruit quality and marketability. Produces antimicrobial compounds Produces antimicrobial compounds that inhibit the growth of various fungi and bacteria, protecting fruits from decay during storage. Biocontrol agent against fungal pathogens Williopsis saturnus acts as a biocontrol agent, suppressing fungal pathogens such as Botrytis cinerea and other post-harvest pathogens in fruits. Dosage & Application Additional Info Scientific References Mode of Action FAQ Scientific References Content coming soon! Mode of Action Content coming soon! Additional Info Shelf Life: Stable within 1 year from the date of manufacturing. Packing: We offer tailor-made packaging as per customers' requirements. Dosage & Application Contact us for more details FAQ Content coming soon! Related Products Bacillus amyloliquefaciens Bacillus azotoformans Bacillus circulans Bacillus pumilus Pseudomonas fluorescens Pseudomonas putida Rhodococcus terrae Vesicular arbuscular mycorrhiza More Products Resources Read all

Rhizophagus intraradices (previously Glomus intraradices) is an arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus used in agriculture, that improves root structure enhances plant nutrient uptake, especially phosphorus, improving plant growth, stress resilience, and soil health in sustainable agriculture. < Microbial Species Rhizophagus Intraradices Rhizophagus intraradices (previously Glomus intraradices) is an arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus used in agriculture, that improves root structure enhances plant nutrient uptake, especially phosphorus, improving plant… Show More Strength 245 Active Spores per gram Product Enquiry Download Brochure Benefits Improved Soil Health Hyphal networks bind soil particles, promoting soil structure, aeration, and moisture retention, creating healthier, more resilient environments for plant roots. Reduced Fertilizer Dependence Improved nutrient efficiency allows plants to thrive with less fertilizer, supporting sustainable farming practices and decreasing potential soil and water pollution. Increased Drought Resistance Extending root surface area boosts water absorption, helping plants endure drought conditions, enhancing resilience, and reducing water stress. Enhanced Nutrient Uptake Improves nutrient access, especially phosphorus, by forming hyphal networks that extend beyond plant roots, increasing nutrient availability and uptake. Dosage & Application Additional Info Scientific References Mode of Action FAQ Scientific References Improves growth and phosphorus uptake in contaminated soil Inoculation with R. intraradices significantly enhanced soybean growth, phosphorus uptake, and grain yield even in heavy metal-contaminated soils ( Adeyemi et al., 2021 ). Broad agricultural benefits and soil health contributions A comprehensive review highlighted the species' roles in nutrient cycling, improved water retention, glomalin production, and overall support for sustainable agriculture ( Onyeaka et al., 2024 ). Enhanced nutrient uptake and microbial community structure Field experiments with maize showed that R. intraradices increased phosphorus and nitrogen uptake, biomass, and improved soil microbial biomass when combined with earthworms ( Li et al., 2013 ). Remediation and soil improvement in polluted environments Combining R. intraradices with Solanum nigrum improved cadmium retention in roots, boosted soil enzyme activity, and enhanced microbial diversity under heavy metal stress ( Wang et al., 2025 ). Improved drought tolerance and antioxidant activity Inoculated finger millet seedlings showed improved phosphorus uptake, chlorophyll content, and stress tolerance indicators such as higher antioxidant levels and reduced oxidative damage (Tyagi et al., 2021) . Mode of Action 1. Host Recognition and Root Colonization Rhizophagus intraradices , a species of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus (AMF) in the phylum Glomeromycota , initiates symbiosis through a sophisticated chemical signaling exchange with host plants. Root exudates, particularly strigolactones , trigger spore germination and hyphal branching. In response, R. intraradices produces Myc-LCOs (Mycorrhizal lipochitooligosaccharides) , which activate host plant receptors and initiate symbiotic signaling pathways via the common symbiosis signaling pathway (CSSP) . Once recognition is achieved, the fungus penetrates the root epidermis and cortex via appressoria , establishing intraradical colonization . Within cortical cells, it forms arbuscules , finely branched hyphal structures that serve as the interface for bi-directional nutrient exchange. In some host species, vesicles are also formed, acting as lipid-rich storage and reproductive structures. Source : Kumar, Sanjeev. (2018). In vitro cultivation of AMF using Root Organ Culture: factory of biofertilizers and secondary metabolites production. 2. Nutrient Foraging and Transfer The most direct agronomic benefit of R. intraradices lies in its capacity to enhance nutrient acquisition: The fungus develops an extensive extraradical hyphal network that significantly increases the absorptive surface area of the root system, accessing nutrients beyond the rhizosphere depletion zone . Key nutrients mobilized include phosphorus (Pi) , zinc (Zn) , copper (Cu) , and other micronutrients, often bound in forms that are otherwise unavailable to plants. High-affinity phosphate transporters (e.g., GintPT ) in fungal hyphae facilitate Pi uptake, which is then translocated via the fungal cytoskeleton to the arbuscules. Inside the arbuscule interface, nutrient exchange occurs via a periarbuscular membrane , where plant Pi and metal transporters (e.g., PT4 ) retrieve the nutrients. In return, the plant supplies the fungus with photosynthetically derived carbon , mainly in the form of hexoses , transported through plant sugar transporters , supporting fungal metabolism and reproduction. Khan, Yaseen, Sulaiman Shah, and Tian Hui. 2022. " The Roles of Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi in Influencing Plant Nutrients, Photosynthesis, and Metabolites of Cereal Crops—A Review" Agronomy 12, no. 9: 2191. 3. Abiotic Stress Alleviation R. intraradices significantly modulates plant physiological responses under abiotic stress conditions: Enhances water acquisition through extended hyphal reach and improved root hydraulic conductivity. Increases osmoprotectant synthesis , including proline , glycine betaine , and soluble sugars , aiding in osmotic adjustment under drought and salinity stress. Activates antioxidant enzyme systems , including superoxide dismutase (SOD) , catalase (CAT) , and ascorbate peroxidase (APX) , reducing oxidative damage from ROS generated during stress. Influences the synthesis and signaling of phytohormones such as abscisic acid (ABA) , jasmonic acid (JA) , salicylic acid (SA) , and auxins , which regulate stress adaptation, stomatal closure, and root architecture. 4. Soil Aggregation and Health The extraradical hyphae of R. intraradices play a critical role in soil structure and fertility : Secrete glomalin-related soil proteins (GRSPs) that stabilize soil aggregates by binding mineral particles and organic matter. Improve soil porosity , water infiltration , and bulk density , contributing to enhanced root penetration and aeration. Support carbon sequestration by promoting stable soil organic carbon pools. Increase microbial biomass and enzymatic activity, such as phosphatases , ureases , and dehydrogenases , which further enhance nutrient cycling and microbial community function. 5. Biotic Stress Resistance and Pathogen Suppression R. intraradices contributes to plant immunity and disease resistance through several pathways: Competes with soil pathogens for space and resources in the rhizosphere and root cortex. Activates induced systemic resistance (ISR) via jasmonate and ethylene signaling pathways, enhancing the plant’s defense readiness. Alters rhizosphere microbiome composition , often increasing populations of beneficial microorganisms (e.g., Pseudomonas , Trichoderma ) that further antagonize pathogens. Reduces the translocation of heavy metals and xenobiotics to aerial parts, providing a protective buffer in contaminated soils. 6. Ecological and Agronomic Integration In sustainable agriculture, R. intraradices is increasingly applied as a bioinoculant , either alone or in combination with other beneficial microbes. Its efficacy depends on: Soil conditions (pH, organic matter, nutrient availability) Host plant genotype and mycorrhizal compatibility Co-inoculation strategies (e.g., with nitrogen-fixing bacteria like Azospirillum brasilense ) Reduction in synthetic fertilizer inputs, which can suppress AMF colonization when in excess Additional Info Product Specifications Strength: customisable Formulation: customisable Purity: High-quality inoculum with verified spore viability Storage and Handling Store in a cool, dry place away from direct sunlight and extreme temperatures. Optimal storage temperature is 4-25°C (39-77°F). Keep container tightly sealed when not in use. Shelf life is 12 months when stored properly. Avoid exposure to fungicides or excessive heat which may reduce spore viability. Best Practices Apply to moist soil for optimal spore germination Ensure direct contact between inoculant and plant roots Avoid over-fertilization, especially with phosphorus, which can suppress mycorrhizal colonization Combine with organic matter amendments to enhance fungal establishment Use within the same growing season after opening for maximum effectiveness Environmental Conditions R. intraradices thrives in well-aerated, slightly acidic to neutral soils (pH 5.5-7.0). The fungus is naturally adapted to diverse soil types and climatic conditions, making it suitable for global agricultural applications. Performance is optimized in soils with moderate organic matter content and adequate moisture. Safety Non-toxic and safe for humans, animals, and the environment. Certified for use in organic agriculture by various international certification bodies. Contains only naturally occurring beneficial fungi with no genetically modified organisms. Dosage & Application Application Rates for Different Agricultural Systems For Field Crops (Hectare-based application): Standard field application: 60 g per hectare High-intensity farming: Up to 100 g per hectare for optimal colonization Maize and cereal crops: 60–100 g/ha mixed with seed or applied at sowing Legume crops (soybean, chickpea, lentil): 60 g/ha, compatible with rhizobial inoculants Horticultural crops (vegetables, fruits): 30–50 g per hectare For Specialized Applications: Hydroponic systems: 1 g per plant or 580 propagules per liter applied via subirrigation Greenhouse nurseries and potting: 3 g per square meter of growing area Tissue culture and micropropagated plants: 0.5–1.0 g per seedling during hardening stage Cuttings and propagation material: 0.5 g per cutting at rooting medium Turf and ornamental applications: 50–100 g per 1000 m² Optimal Spore Density and Colonization Rates Research indicates that optimal inoculation requires a minimum threshold for effective colonization: Minimum effective spore density: 2–3 spores per seed or seedling for adequate colonization establishment Optimal spore density: 5–6 spores per seed results in superior root colonization rates (75–84%) and maximal plant vigor Application strength: The product contains 245 active spores per gram, ensuring consistent and reliable inoculum quality Colonization timeline: Initial root colonization typically occurs within 2–4 weeks; visible plant benefits manifest within 6–8 weeks; maximum benefits develop throughout the entire growing season Application Methods and Techniques Seed Treatment (Most Common) Mix R. intraradices inoculum with seeds immediately before sowing at a ratio of 60 g per hectare. Ensure uniform distribution for consistent field colonization. In-Furrow Application Apply 60 g per hectare directly into the planting furrow at sowing depth (5–8 cm). This method ensures close proximity of spores to germinating roots. Root Dip Method (Nurseries and Transplants) Suspend seedling roots in a slurry containing 3 g per square meter of growing area for 2–5 minutes before transplanting. This high-contact method accelerates colonization establishment. Subirrigation and Hydroponic Systems Dilute liquid inoculum (580 propagules/liter) in irrigation water and apply weekly through drip or subirrigation systems. Filter product to prevent emitter clogging. Soil Incorporation Mix inoculum into soil at 60 g per hectare 1–2 weeks before planting for field crops, allowing time for spore positioning. Foliar and Root Zone Drenching Apply via soil drenching at transplanting stage (10 mL per plant) for containerized crops and horticultural applications. Critical Application Considerations Phosphorus Management High soil phosphorus levels (>50 ppm) suppress AMF colonization and reduce symbiotic effectiveness. When using R. intraradices, reduce phosphorus fertilizer applications and rely on the fungus to mobilize existing soil phosphorus reserves. Combination treatments of R. intraradices + 50% recommended phosphorus consistently outperform full-dose phosphorus alone. Fungicide and Chemical Interactions Avoid fungicide applications for at least 2–4 weeks post-inoculation to prevent suppression of colonization. Systemic fungicides are particularly damaging to AMF establishment. Coordinate all pesticide applications with agronomist recommendations considering AMF symbiosis. Soil Preparation and Timing Inoculate into well-prepared, slightly acidic to neutral soils (pH 6.0–7.5). Avoid waterlogged conditions immediately post-inoculation. Ideal soil moisture should be 60–70% of field capacity. Compatibility with Other Microorganisms R. intraradices generally works synergistically with beneficial bacteria (Bacillus spp., Azospirillum spp.) and other AMF species. Co-inoculation often produces superior results to single-organism application. Storage and Handling Store product in cool, dry conditions (4–15°C) in sealed containers away from light. Do not expose to temperatures above 25°C or to direct sunlight. Use within 12–24 months of manufacture for optimal viability; maintain storage conditions to preserve spore viability and germination potential. FAQ What is the new name for Glomus intraradices? The fungus formerly known as Glomus intraradices has been officially reclassified as Rhizophagus intraradices based on comprehensive molecular phylogenetic analysis. This taxonomic change, implemented following the 2010 reclassification by Schüßler and Walker, reflects advances in DNA sequencing technology and ribosomal RNA gene analysis that revealed the original genus assignment was incorrect. The genus Rhizophagus is more accurately aligned with the evolutionary lineage and morphological characteristics of this species. The reclassification was formally anchored through the International Culture Collection of Vesicular Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi (INVAM) culture FL208, which represents the type strain and nomenclatural authority for the species. Important Note: It is critical to distinguish between two distinct species within the Rhizophagus genus: Rhizophagus intraradices (formerly Glomus intraradices, strain FL208 and related isolates) Rhizophagus irregularis (formerly known as Glomus irregulare and historically confused with R. intraradices, particularly the DAOM197198 reference strain) While historically conflated, phylogenetic and molecular analyses now clearly demonstrate these are separate species with different colonization characteristics and agricultural performance profiles. What is the use of Glomus intraradices (Rhizophagus intraradices)? R. intraradices serves as a plant growth-promoting arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus with diverse agricultural, horticultural, and environmental applications: Sustainable intensification of cereal crops (maize, wheat, rice, sorghum) with reduced fertilizer dependency Improved legume performance (soybean, chickpea, lentil) complementing nitrogen-fixing rhizobia Enhanced tuber and root crop yields (potato, cassava, carrots) with superior nutrient uptake and stress tolerance Horticultural Applications Nursery production of high-quality transplants with accelerated growth and disease resistance Fruit crop establishment (citrus, mango, avocado, berry crops) with improved root development Ornamental plant production with superior vigor and stress resilience Vegetable production (tomato, pepper, cucumber) supporting both conventional and organic systems Environmental Remediation Phytoremediation of heavy metal-contaminated soils through enhanced metal uptake capacity and soil enzyme activity Restoration of degraded mining sites and contaminated agricultural lands Coal mining site revegetation and ecosystem recovery Support for pioneer plant species establishment in marginal and disturbed environments Sustainable Agriculture Intensification Reduction of synthetic fertilizer inputs by 25–50% while maintaining or improving yields Support for organic farming systems seeking certified biological inputs Climate-smart agriculture through enhanced carbon sequestration and drought resilience Integrated pest management via natural disease suppression mechanisms Specialized Applications Micropropagated plant hardening and acclimatization protocols Hydroponic and soilless cultivation systems for high-value crops Biofortification programs improving micronutrient density in staple food crops Effects of Rhizophagus intraradices on Crops Research has documented comprehensive beneficial effects across diverse crop species: Nutrient Uptake and Growth Promotion Phosphorus uptake: 50–130% increase in plant-available phosphorus, enabling 25–50% reduction in phosphate fertilizer Nitrogen acquisition: Enhanced nitrogen uptake through both direct root absorption and fungal-mediated pathways Micronutrient availability: Improved zinc, copper, iron, and manganese bioavailability particularly important in calcareous and alkaline soils Biomass accumulation: Increased shoot and root dry matter by 15–40% depending on soil fertility and environmental conditions Root System Development Enhanced lateral root initiation and root hair density Increased root diameter and improved soil penetration capability Expanded root surface area (up to 100-fold expansion through hyphal networks) Modified root architecture supporting improved nutrient and water acquisition Yield and Productivity Grain yield: 10–35% yield increases in cereals (maize, wheat, rice) particularly under limiting nutrient or water availability Legume productivity: 20–30% increases in soybean, chickpea yields with complementary rhizobial inoculation Tuber production: 14.5% yield increases in cassava in phosphorus-deficient soils Horticultural crops: 25–35% increases in fruit number and mass in pepper, tomato, strawberry Stress Tolerance Enhancement Drought resilience: Maintained photosynthetic efficiency and leaf water potential under moderate to severe drought; 20–25% greater biomass than non-inoculated plants under water stress Salt tolerance: Enhanced ion selectivity and osmolyte accumulation mitigating salinity stress effects Heavy metal mitigation: Enhanced phytoextraction and phytostabilization of cadmium, lead, and arsenic; reduced toxic ion accumulation in shoots Cold and temperature stress: Improved cellular cryoprotectant accumulation and membrane integrity maintenance Disease and Pest Suppression Root-knot nematode biocontrol: Reduced Meloidogyne graminicola populations and symptoms in rice through enhanced plant defense activation Soil-borne pathogen suppression: Reduced incidence of Fusarium, Rhizoctonia, and other fungal root pathogens through competitive exclusion and defense enhancement Pest susceptibility reduction: Western corn rootworm larvae show reduced fitness on R. intraradices-colonized maize, facilitating biological pest control Soil Quality and Long-term Sustainability Soil aggregation: Enhanced water-stable aggregate formation improving soil structure and workability Organic matter stabilization: Glomalin accumulation supports 10–20-year soil organic matter persistence Microbial community enhancement: Increased beneficial soil microbial diversity and activity Carbon sequestration: Contribution to global carbon cycle with approximately 13 Gt CO₂e annually sequestered Crop-Specific Effects Rice: 35–50% increase in grain yield with improved phosphorus and nitrogen uptake; enhanced disease resistance to bacterial leaf blight (Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae) Maize: 20–35% yield increase with enhanced water use efficiency; reduced Western corn rootworm damage through modified rhizosphere chemistry Soybean: 15–30% yield improvement with complementary rhizobial associations; enhanced phosphorus uptake in continuous cropping systems Wheat: Significant phosphorus uptake enhancement and improved grain quality parameters Citrus/Lemon: Enhanced lateral root formation and phosphate transporter gene expression; improved water uptake capacity Tomato: 25–35% increase in fruit yield and quality; improved water stress tolerance during critical fruit development stages Saffron: 25% increase in total chlorophyll content; enhanced daughter corm production and stigma development Finger Millet: 29% increase in phosphorus and chlorophyll under drought stress; 7% growth improvement under severe water limitation Related Products Glomus mosseae Serendipita indica More Products Resources Read all

Leading manufacturer & exporter of Nano Urea. Enhance crop yields with our advanced, eco-friendly solutions. Discover more today! < Nano Fertilizers Nano Urea Nano urea is a liquid nitrogen fertilizer formulated using nanotechnology. It contains nitrogen particles at the nanoscale level (extremely small particles), which improves nutrient absorption and utilization by plants. Product Enquiry Download Brochure Benefits Content coming soon! Composition Dosage & Application Why choose this product Key Benefits Sustainability Advantage Additional Info FAQ Additional Info Content coming soon! Why choose this product? Content coming soon! Key Benefits at a Glance Nano urea is considered a promising innovation for sustainable agriculture because it: Improves nutrient efficiency Reduces fertilizer wastage Minimizes environmental pollution Supports precision agriculture Enhances crop productivity As agriculture continues to adopt modern technologies, nano fertilizers are expected to play a significant role in improving nutrient management. Sustainability Advantage Content coming soon! Dosage & Application Proper application of nano urea fertilizer is essential to achieve maximum benefits. Method Nano urea is primarily applied through foliar spraying . In this method, nano urea is diluted with water and sprayed directly on plant leaves using sprayers. The leaves absorb nitrogen through stomata and epidermal cells, allowing rapid nutrient uptake. Foliar application helps avoid nitrogen losses associated with soil fertilization. Dosage The recommended dosage of nano urea varies depending on crop type and fertilizer formulation. A commonly recommended dosage is: 2–4 ml nano urea per liter of water This solution is sprayed uniformly on plant foliage. Farmers should always follow the manufacturer’s recommended dosage to avoid overapplication. Timing Correct timing of nano urea application is important for effective nutrient absorption. Nano urea is typically applied during: Vegetative Growth Stage: This stage requires high nitrogen supply for leaf and stem development. Pre-Flowering Stage: Nitrogen during this stage supports plant growth and improves reproductive development. Spraying should preferably be done during: Early morning Late evening These times help reduce evaporation and improve nutrient absorption. Best Practices for Using Nano Urea To maximize the benefits of nano urea fertilizer, farmers should follow these best practices: Use clean water for preparing the spray solution Shake the solution well before spraying Ensure uniform spray coverage on plant leaves Avoid spraying during strong sunlight or high temperatures Apply during calm weather to prevent drift Follow recommended dosage and application intervals Proper application improves fertilizer efficiency and ensures better crop response. Limitations of Nano Urea Although nano urea offers many advantages, it is important to understand its limitations. Not a Basal Dose Nano urea is not intended to completely replace traditional basal nitrogen fertilizers applied to soil. Basal fertilization is necessary during land preparation to provide nutrients for early crop growth. Nano urea is mainly used as a supplementary nitrogen source during crop growth stages. Farmers should integrate nano urea with balanced fertilization practices. Application Cost Nano fertilizer products may sometimes have a higher purchase cost compared to traditional fertilizers. However, improved nutrient efficiency, reduced fertilizer usage, and increased crop productivity often compensate for this cost. FAQ What is a nano urea? Nano urea is a liquid nitrogen fertilizer developed using nanotechnology. It contains nitrogen particles at nanoscale size, which allows plants to absorb nutrients more efficiently through leaves compared to conventional urea fertilizers. How to apply nano urea to the plants? Nano urea is usually applied as a foliar spray . The fertilizer is diluted with water and sprayed directly on plant leaves, allowing nitrogen to be absorbed quickly through leaf tissues. How often should I apply nano urea? Nano urea is generally applied one to two times during the crop growth cycle , depending on crop type and nitrogen requirements. It is commonly applied during vegetative growth and before flowering. How is liquid nano urea revolutionizing agriculture? Liquid nano urea is transforming agriculture by improving nitrogen use efficiency and reducing fertilizer waste. Its nano-sized particles allow faster nutrient absorption, enabling farmers to use smaller fertilizer quantities while maintaining or increasing crop yields. This helps reduce environmental pollution and promotes sustainable farming practices. Related Products Hydromax Anpeekay NPK Nano Boron Nano Calcium Nano Chitosan Nano Copper Nano Iron Nano Potassium More Products Resources Read all

Penicillium Citrinum, a beneficial fungus, solubilizes soil manganese, recommended for deficient soils. It also accelerates soil organic matter decomposition, increasing manganese availability. < Microbial Species Penicillium citrinum Penicillium Citrinum, a beneficial fungus, solubilizes soil manganese, recommended for deficient soils. It also accelerates soil organic matter decomposition, increasing manganese availability. Strength 1 x 10⁸ CFU per gram / 1 x 10⁹ CFU per gram Product Enquiry Download Brochure Benefits Enhances photosynthetic efficiency and promotes faster, uniform seed germination Aids in manganese solubilization, improving plant performance during growth. Stimulates robust root development Enhances nutrient and water uptake, thereby increasing plant resilience, particularly in dry conditions. Optimizes nutrient availability and physiological processes Improves overall plant health and vigor through enhanced nutrient absorption and growth processes. Contributes to improved crop quality, increased biomass, and better yield outcomes in agriculture Enhances agricultural productivity and harvest quality through optimized plant growth and development. Dosage & Application Additional Info Scientific References Mode of Action FAQ Scientific References Content coming soon! Mode of Action Content coming soon! Additional Info Recommended Crops: Cereals, Millets, Pulses, Oilseeds, Fibre Crops, Sugar Crops, Forage Crops, Plantation crops, Vegetables, Fruits, Spices, Flowers, Medicinal crops, Aromatic Crops, Orchards, and Ornamentals. Compatibility: Compatible with Bio Pesticides, Bio Fertilizers, and Plant growth hormones but not with chemical fertilizers and chemical pesticides. Shelf Life: Stable within 1 year from the date of manufacturing. Packing: We offer tailor-made packaging as per customers' requirements. Dosage & Application Seed Coating/Seed Treatment : Prepare a mixture of 10 - 15 grams of Corynebacterium Spp. in a sufficient amount of water to create a slurry. Coat 1 kg of seeds with this mixture, dry them in shade, and they will be ready to use in the field. Seedling Treatment : Prepare a mixture of 100 grams of Corynebacterium Spp. in a sufficient amount of water. Dip the roots of the seedlings into the solution for 30 minutes before planting. Soil Treatment : Mix 2.5 - 5 kg per hectare of Corynebacterium Spp. with organic manure or organic fertilizers. Incorporate this mixture into the soil at the time of planting or sowing. Irrigation : Mix 2.5 - 5 kg per hectare of Corynebacterium Spp. in a sufficient amount of water. Apply this mixture through drenching or drip irrigation to penetrate the root zones. FAQ How do you treat Penicillium species fungus? Treatment involves a combination of sanitation and antifungal agents. In agricultural soils, crop residue removal, proper drainage, and soil solarization help suppress Penicillium populations. In postharvest settings, fungicidal dips (e.g., thiabendazole or natamycin) and controlled-atmosphere storage reduce fungal growth. For indoor mold remediation, remove affected materials, maintain humidity below 60%, and apply EPA-registered mold cleaners or fungicides following label instructions. Is Penicillium harmful to humans? Most Penicillium species are benign or beneficial, but a few (e.g., P. marneffei ) can cause opportunistic infections in immunocompromised individuals. Allergic reactions and respiratory symptoms may occur from inhaled spores. Proper ventilation and mold control minimize health risks. What species is Penicillium? Penicillium is a large genus in the phylum Ascomycota, comprising over 350 species. Notable species include P. chrysogenum (penicillin producer), P. roqueforti (cheese ripening), P. citrinum (manganese solubilizer), and P. expansum (fruit rot pathogen). Is Penicillium mold black mold? Penicillium species are not the same as Stachybotrys chartarum, the notorious “black mold.” While some Penicillium colonies appear blue-green or grayish, they are distinct genera with different toxin profiles and health impacts. What are the uses of Penicillium species? Antibiotic production ( P. chrysogenum → penicillin) Food processing (cheese ripening by P. roqueforti and P. camemberti ) Biocontrol of soil pathogens ( P. citrinum and other antagonists) Industrial enzyme production (e.g., pectinases, cellulases) Bioremediation and nutrient cycling in soils What are the common Penicillium species? Common species include: P. chrysogenum (antibiotic producer) P. roqueforti (blue cheese) P. camemberti (Camembert and Brie) P. expansum (postharvest fruit rot) P. citrinum (mineral solubilization) P. italicum (citrus fruit rot) How to identify Penicillium species? Identification relies on: Colony morphology (texture, color, growth rate on agar) Microscopic features (conidiophore branching patterns, spore size/shape) Molecular methods (DNA sequencing of ITS and β-tubulin genes) Biochemical tests (enzyme activity profiles) What are the health effects of Penicillium species? Most species are harmless in healthy individuals. Potential health effects include: Allergic reactions: sneezing, coughing, watery eyes Respiratory irritation from spore inhalation Opportunistic infections in immunocompromised people ( rare , e.g., P. marneffei ) Mycotoxin exposure from species producing citrinin or patulin in contaminated food Related Products Corynebacterium spp. More Products Resources Read all

Thiobacillus thioparus is a chemolithoautotrophic bacterium that plays a key role in the sulfur cycle. It oxidizes reduced sulfur compounds such as hydrogen sulfide, thiosulfate, and elemental sulfur, using these processes to generate energy while fixing carbon dioxide. This bacterium thrives in diverse environments, including soils, water bodies, and wastewater systems, where it contributes to sulfur cycling and detoxification of sulfur-rich environments. Its ability to metabolize harmful sulfur compounds makes it valuable for bioremediation, odor control, and wastewater treatment, highlighting its significance in environmental sustainability and pollution management. < Microbial Species Thiobacillus thioparus Thiobacillus thioparus is a chemolithoautotrophic bacterium that plays a key role in the sulfur cycle. It oxidizes reduced sulfur compounds such as hydrogen sulfide, thiosulfate,… Show More Strength 1 x 10⁹ CFU per gram / 1 x 10¹⁰ CFU per gram Product Enquiry Download Brochure Benefits Bioremediation Potential Effective in degrading various environmental contaminants, supporting bioremediation efforts in polluted sites. Nutrient Cycling Contributes to the cycling of sulfur and other nutrients in soil and aquatic environments, enhancing soil fertility. Sulfide Oxidation Efficiently oxidizes sulfide compounds, aiding in the detoxification of sulfur-rich environments. Acid Mine Drainage Remediation Plays a crucial role in mitigating acid mine drainage, helping restore affected ecosystems. Dosage & Application Additional Info Scientific References Mode of Action FAQ Scientific References Content coming soon! Mode of Action Content coming soon! Additional Info Contact us for more details Dosage & Application Contact us for more details FAQ Content coming soon! Related Products Saccharomyces cerevisiae Bacillus polymyxa Thiobacillus novellus Thiobacillus thiooxidans Alcaligenes denitrificans Bacillus licheniformis Bacillus macerans Citrobacter braakii More Products Resources Read all

BoostX crop kits by Indogulf BioAg enhance plant growth with premium, organic solutions. Trusted by farmers for superior yields and health. < Crop Kits BoostX Influences the microbial environment, promoting beneficial microorganisms that enhance plant growth, quality, and soil fertility through fermentation. Product Enquiry Download Brochure Higher Resin Content Promotes the development of plants with increased resin production, enhancing aroma, potency, and market value. Influences Microbial Environment BoostX enhances soil by promoting beneficial microorganisms that support plant growth, quality, and soil fertility through fermentation. Larger Yield & Harvest Boosts plant productivity, resulting in larger yields during harvest. Maximizes Nutrient Uptake Enhances nutrient absorption by promoting regenerative microorganisms that convert organic materials into readily accessible nutrients for plants. Benefits Components Lactobacillus Casei Lactobacillus Delbrueckii Lactobacillus Bulgaricus Lactobacillus Fermentum Lactobacillus Plantarum Lactobacillus Diacetylactis RhodopseudomonasPalustris Saccharomyces Cerevisiae Lactobacillus Diacetylactis Streptococcus Thermophilus Lactobacillus Acidophilus Bifidobacterium Animalis Bifidobacterium Bifidum Bifidobacterium Longum RhizophagusIntraradices Composition Dosage & Application Additional Info Dosage & Application Mix 3g of BoostX with adequate water and pour into the planting soil. Best results when used along with GrowX feed. Apply every 2 weeks. Additional Info Aftercare BudMax Kit compatible with all natural fertilizers, pesticides and fungicides. Once opened, store in a cool, dry place. Keep away from children and pets. Do not inhale or ingest. Related Products Aminomax SP Annomax BioProtek Biocupe Neem Plus Seed Protek Silicomax Dates Pro More Products Resources Read all