Pseudomonas putida is a beneficial bacterium known for producing growth-promoting substances like indole-3-acetic acid (IAA), enhancing plant development and root architecture. It degrades organic pollutants, improving soil health and structure while making nutrients more bioavailable. Additionally, P. putida boosts plant stress tolerance by mitigating the effects of drought, salinity, and heavy metals, making it invaluable for sustainable agriculture and environmental remediation. < Microbial Species Pseudomonas putida Pseudomonas putida is a beneficial bacterium known for producing growth-promoting substances like indole-3-acetic acid (IAA), enhancing plant development and root architecture. It degrades organic pollutants, improving soil health and structure while making nutrients more bioavailable. Additionally, P. putida boosts plant stress tolerance by mitigating the effects of drought, salinity, and heavy metals, making it invaluable for sustainable agriculture and environmental remediation. Strength 1 x 10⁸ CFU per gram / 1 x 10⁹ CFU per gram / 1 x 10¹⁰ CFU per gram Product Enquiry Buy this species Download Brochure Benefits Dosage & Application Additional Info Scientific References Mode of Action Sustainability Advantage FAQ Scientific References Pseudomonas putida for Industrial Applications Weimer et al. (2020) A comprehensive review detailing the advances in genetic engineering, systems biology, and biotechnological exploitation of P. putida as an industrial microbial cell factory. It covers the production of bio-based chemicals, adaptation to toxic environments, and integration with synthetic biology platforms. Read here D’Arrigo et al. (2015) This study used differential RNA-sequencing (dRNA-seq) to map transcriptional start sites in P. putida KT2440 , revealing promoter architecture and untranslated regions that are critical for optimizing gene expression in industrial strain design. Read here Nelson et al. (2002) The complete genome sequence of P. putida KT2440 is presented, identifying the organism’s extensive metabolic capabilities, solvent resistance, and non-pathogenic status. The genome is a cornerstone for metabolic engineering in industrial settings. Read here Udaondo et al. (2016) Provides a pangenomic comparison of nine P. putida strains. This study highlights conserved pathways for carbon metabolism and aromatic compound degradation, confirming their robustness in diverse industrial bioprocesses . Read here Song & Zhang (2012) Identifies and localizes mobile genomic islands in several P. putida strains, including genes for salt resistance, stress tolerance, and efflux systems. These traits enhance survival and productivity in chemically harsh industrial environments. Read here Kivisaar (2020) Reviews P. putida ’s historical development and adaptation as a model for biotechnological research, with a focus on regulatory mechanisms, stress responses, and genomic plasticity relevant to industrial-scale applications. Read here Mode of Action 1. Biocontrol via Nutrient Competition and Siderophores P. putida can protect plants against pathogens without relying on toxic or antibiotic substances. Instead, it uses a strategy based on nutrient competition , especially for iron . Siderophores like pyoverdine are secreted to tightly bind iron from the environment, making it unavailable to competing microorganisms (including plant pathogens), thereby suppressing their growth. Notably, P. putida B2017 does not produce common antibiotics like pyocyanin or pyrrolnitrin, but still exhibits biocontrol activity due to pyoverdine production (Daura-Pich et al., 2020). 2. Plant Growth Promotion and Rhizosphere Colonization P. putida is a well-known Plant Growth-Promoting Rhizobacteria (PGPR) that helps plants grow better by: Mobilizing nutrients (e.g., phosphorus solubilization, nitrogen metabolism). Inducing systemic resistance in plants against bacterial, viral, and fungal pathogens (Park et al., 2011) . Efficiently colonizing the rhizosphere (plant root environment) due to genes promoting motility, chemotaxis, and biofilm formation (Molina et al., 2020) . These abilities allow P. putida to coexist with plants, creating a beneficial plant-microbe relationship. 3. Environmental Bioremediation and Stress Tolerance Thanks to its metabolic versatility , P. putida can degrade a wide variety of toxic pollutants , including hydrocarbons, solvents, and xenobiotics. This makes it a powerful tool in bioremediation (cleaning up contaminated environments). It possesses catabolic genes for the breakdown of aromatic compounds, heavy metals, and other industrial pollutants (Udaondo et al., 2016) . The strain KT2440 is widely used as a model for industrial biotechnology due to its non-pathogenic nature and ability to survive under stress conditions such as high salinity and oxidative stress (Nelson et al., 2002) . 4. Production of Antimicrobial Compounds (Strain-Specific) While not all P. putida strains produce antimicrobial compounds, certain isolates do exhibit this trait: Strains like W15Oct28 and BW11M1 produce putisolvins (cyclic lipopeptides), bacteriocins , tailocins , and other hydrophobic antimicrobial compounds that are active against Staphylococcus aureus , P. aeruginosa , and P. syringae (Ye et al., 2014) ; (Ghequire et al., 2016) . These antimicrobial compounds often work under specific environmental conditions such as low iron availability, adding a layer of ecological control to their use. 5. Capsule Formation and Biofilm Development P. putida can form a polysaccharide capsule that helps in: Surface adhesion (critical for root colonization and biofilm development). Protection against environmental stresses , such as desiccation and immune responses in the case of exposure to a host (Kachlany & Ghiorse, 2009) . Biofilm formation is also important for both plant interactions and survival in industrial settings . Additional Info Pseudomonas putida acts mainly through non-toxic mechanisms like siderophore production, rhizosphere colonization, metabolic versatility for bioremediation, and, in some strains, production of antimicrobial compounds, making it a valuable tool in agriculture and environmental biotechnology. Dosage & Application Seed Coating/Seed Treatment: 1 kg of seeds will be coated with a slurry mixture of 10 g of Pseudomonas putida and 10 g of crude sugar in sufficient water. The coated seeds will then be dried in shade and sow or broadcast in the field Seedling Treatment: Dip the seedlings into the mixture of 100 grams of Pseudomonas putida and sufficient amount of water. Soil Treatment: Mix 3-5 kg per acre of Pseudomonas putida with organic manure/organic fertilizers. Incorporate the mixture and spread into the field at the time of planting/sowing. Irrigation: Mix 3 kg per acre of Pseudomonas putida in a sufficient amount of water and run into the drip lines. FAQ What are the primary mechanisms by which Pseudomonas putida exhibits biocontrol activity? P. putida exhibits biocontrol through several integrated mechanisms: Siderophore-mediated iron sequestration: Pyoverdine is the primary siderophore produced, depriving competing phytopathogens of essential iron, thus limiting their proliferation (Daura-Pich et al., 2020). Biofilm formation and rhizosphere competence: Biofilm-related genes facilitate stable colonization of the plant rhizosphere, enhancing competition and persistence in soil ecosystems (Udaondo et al., 2016) . Induced systemic resistance (ISR): Certain strains (e.g., B001) can prime host plant immunity, leading to enhanced resistance to fungal, bacterial, and viral pathogens (Park et al., 2011) . What secondary metabolites does P. putida produce, and what are their functions? While P. putida lacks traditional antibiotic biosynthesis clusters seen in P. aeruginosa, several strains synthesize specialized metabolites with ecological and antimicrobial roles: Putisolvins: Lipopeptides with surfactant and antimicrobial properties, also involved in biofilm dispersal (Ye et al., 2014) . Tailocins and bacteriocins: Bacteriophage-derived protein complexes with lethal activity against closely related bacterial strains (Ghequire et al., 2016) . TonB-dependent receptors: Facilitate siderophore piracy, allowing utilization of exogenous siderophores from other microbes (Ye et al., 2014) . What genomic features underlie the adaptability of P. putida? Large and flexible genome (~6.1–6.5 Mb): Rich in genes for xenobiotic degradation, nutrient uptake, and stress tolerance (Nelson et al., 2002) . Mobile genetic elements: Genomic islands encode catabolic operons, efflux pumps, and stress tolerance mechanisms such as ectoine biosynthesis (Song & Zhang, 2012) . Metabolic versatility: Core genome includes complete pathways for the Entner–Doudoroff, pentose phosphate, and aromatic compound degradation cycles (Udaondo et al., 2016) . What makes P. putida suitable for industrial biotechnology? Tolerant to solvents and oxidative stress: Enables its use in biocatalysis and metabolic engineering under harsh conditions (Weimer et al., 2020) . Compatibility with genetic tools: KT2440, a model strain, has been adapted for synthetic biology using CRISPR-Cas systems and modular plasmids for pathway design (Weimer et al., 2020) . Production of value-added products: Used to biosynthesize bioplastics, phenylalanine derivatives, and other platform chemicals from renewable feedstocks (Kivisaar, 2020) . Does P. putida form biofilms or extracellular structures? Yes. Several strains can form: Capsules composed of complex polysaccharides, contributing to adhesion, desiccation resistance, and evasion of protozoan grazing (Kachlany & Ghiorse, 2009) . Biofilms: Promoted by flagellar genes, quorum sensing elements, and cyclic-di-GMP signaling pathways essential for colonization and surface persistence (Udaondo et al., 2016) . Sustainability Advantage Related Products Aspergillus awamori Bacillus firmus Bacillus megaterium Bacillus polymyxa Pseudomonas striata More Products Resources Read all

Rhodospirillum centenum is a versatile phototrophic bacterium known for anoxygenic photosynthesis, nitrogen fixation, and its ability to adapt to diverse environments. It contributes to carbon and nitrogen cycling, supports soil fertility, and shows potential for bioremediation. Its unique behaviors, like swarming motility and cyst formation, make it a valuable model for studying microbial survival and environmental applications. < Microbial Species Rhodospirillum centenum Rhodospirillum centenum is a versatile phototrophic bacterium known for anoxygenic photosynthesis, nitrogen fixation, and its ability to adapt to diverse environments. It contributes to carbon and nitrogen cycling, supports soil fertility, and shows potential for bioremediation. Its unique behaviors, like swarming motility and cyst formation, make it a valuable model for studying microbial survival and environmental applications. Strength 1 x 10⁸ CFU per gram / 1 x 10⁹ CFU per gram / 1 x 10¹⁰ CFU per gram Product Enquiry Buy this species Download Brochure Benefits Hydrogen Production Capable of producing hydrogen gas, offering potential for renewable energy applications. Soil Health Enhancement Improves nutrient cycling in the soil, promoting plant growth and overall ecosystem health. Organic Compound Degradation Efficiently degrades organic pollutants, contributing to bioremediation efforts in contaminated environments. Photosynthetic Growth Utilizes light for energy, promoting sustainable biomass production and supporting eco-friendly practices. Dosage & Application Additional Info Scientific References Mode of Action Sustainability Advantage FAQ Scientific References Content coming soon! Mode of Action Content coming soon! Additional Info Contact us for more details Dosage & Application Contact us for more details FAQ Content coming soon! Sustainability Advantage Related Products Saccharomyces cerevisiae Bacillus polymyxa Thiobacillus novellus Thiobacillus thiooxidans Alcaligenes denitrificans Bacillus licheniformis Bacillus macerans Citrobacter braakii More Products Resources Read all

Bacillus megaterium is a Gram-positive, endospore-forming rhizobacterium recognized for its high-efficiency solubilization of inorganic phosphate compounds. By producing organic acids and phosphatases, it enhances phosphorus bioavailability, promoting early crop establishment, accelerated phenological development, and improved root system architecture. In addition to nutrient mobilization, B. megaterium contributes to soil health by enhancing microbial diversity, facilitating organic matter decomposition, and improving soil structure. It also exhibits antagonistic activity against phytopathogens, supporting natural pest suppression and reducing reliance on chemical pesticides. Compatible with biofertilizers and biopesticides, B. megaterium integrates seamlessly into organic and integrated farming systems, contributing to increased nutrient-use efficiency, enhanced crop resilience, and sustainable yield improvement while enriching soil microbiome. < Microbial Species Bacillus megaterium Bacillus megaterium is a Gram-positive, endospore-forming rhizobacterium recognized for its high-efficiency solubilization of inorganic phosphate compounds. By producing organic acids and phosphatases, it enhances phosphorus bioavailability, promoting early crop establishment, accelerated phenological development, and improved root system architecture. In addition to nutrient mobilization, B. megaterium contributes to soil health by enhancing microbial diversity, facilitating organic matter decomposition, and improving soil structure. It also exhibits antagonistic activity against phytopathogens, supporting natural pest suppression and reducing reliance on chemical pesticides. Compatible with biofertilizers and biopesticides, B. megaterium integrates seamlessly into organic and integrated farming systems, contributing to increased nutrient-use efficiency, enhanced crop resilience, and sustainable yield improvement while enriching soil microbiome. Strength 1 x 10⁸ CFU per gram / 1 x 10⁹ CFU per gram / 1 x 10¹⁰ CFU per gram Product Enquiry Buy this species Download Brochure Benefits Accelerates Plant Growth Enhances the growth rate of plants, leading to earlier maturity and increased yield. Improves Soil Quality Enhances soil fertility and structure, promoting healthier root growth and nutrient uptake. Protects Against Pests and Diseases Helps in preventing various pests and diseases that can affect plant health. Environmentally Friendly Supports sustainable agriculture practices by reducing reliance on chemical inputs and improving overall soil health. Dosage & Application Additional Info Scientific References Mode of Action Sustainability Advantage FAQ Scientific References Scientific References Note: The currently accepted taxonomic name is Priestia megaterium; however, Bacillus megaterium is retained below because it is the name used in the original publications and remains widely recognized. LPSN taxonomy record Effect of Bacillus megaterium var. phosphaticum and L-α-Proline on Iron Content in Soil and Wheat Plants Płaza, A., Rzążewska, E., & Gąsiorowska, B. (2021). Agronomy , 11(3), 511.A three-year field study found that treatments containing B. megaterium var. phosphaticum increased iron concentrations in soil and spring-wheat grain and straw. The response was influenced by L-α-proline and the nitrogen-fertilization regime. https://doi.org/10.3390/agronomy11030511 Using Bacillus megaterium as a Biofertilizer Alleviates Salt Stress, Improves Phosphorus Nutrition, and Increases Cauliflower Yield Shalaby, O. A. (2024). Journal of Plant Nutrition , 47(6), 926–939.This study evaluated B. megaterium inoculation with different phosphorus-fertilizer rates under saline soil and irrigation conditions. Inoculation improved phosphorus nutrition, plant growth, physiological performance, and cauliflower yield, particularly when combined with adequate phosphorus fertilization. https://doi.org/10.1080/01904167.2023.2291022 Development of a Biologically Based Fertilizer Incorporating Bacillus megaterium A6 for Improved Phosphorus Nutrition of Oilseed Rape Hu, X., Roberts, D. P., Xie, L., Maul, J. E., Yu, C., Li, Y., Zhang, S., & Liao, X. (2013). Canadian Journal of Microbiology , 59(4), 231–236.In greenhouse pot experiments, a formulation containing strain A6 increased soil-available phosphorus, plant phosphorus content, and oilseed-rape seed yield. The greatest response occurred when the biological formulation was combined with a reduced-phosphorus synthetic fertilizer. https://doi.org/10.1139/cjm-2012-0579 The Application of Bacillus megaterium Alters Soil Microbial Community Composition, Phosphorus and Potassium Availability, and Cucumber Growth Zhao, Y., Mao, X., Zhang, M., Yang, W., Di, H. J., Ma, L., Liu, W., & Li, B. (2021). Agriculture, Ecosystems & Environment , 307, 107236.Field research in a long-term cucumber plastic-shed system found that B. megaterium application increased cucumber yield and soil-available phosphorus and potassium while altering the structure of the soil microbial community. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agee.2020.107236 Isolation, Biochemical Characterization and Production of Biofertilizer from Bacillus megaterium Patel, G., Singh, S., Saxena, S. K., & Kaur, K. J. (2016). International Journal of Life-Sciences Scientific Research , 2(6), 749–752.The study isolated and characterized a phosphate-solubilizing B. megaterium strain and assessed its survival in a formulated inoculant over 180 days. It supports phosphate-solubilization capability and formulation viability but does not provide crop-performance evidence. https://doi.org/10.21276/ijlssr.2016.2.6.16 Sugar Beet and Barley Yields in Relation to Bacillus polymyxa and Bacillus megaterium var. phosphaticum Inoculation Çakmakçı, R., Kantar, F., & Algur, Ö. F. (1999). Journal of Plant Nutrition and Soil Science , 162(4), 437–442.Greenhouse and two-site field trials showed that seed inoculation with B. megaterium var. phosphaticum increased sugar-beet root yield and barley grain yield relative to the untreated control. Responses varied with soil and moisture conditions and were generally lower than or comparable with mineral fertilization. https://doi.org/10.1002/(SICI)1522-2624(199908)162:4%3C437::AID-JPLN437%3E3.0.CO;2-W These studies provide species- and strain-level research evidence. Their results should not be interpreted as guaranteed performance for every B. megaterium strain or commercial formulation. Mode of Action Bacillus megaterium , currently classified as Priestia megaterium , is studied primarily as a phosphate-solubilizing and plant-growth-promoting rhizobacterium. Its agricultural activity depends on the strain, crop, formulation, soil conditions, and fertilizer program. 1. Phosphorus Solubilization and Mineralization Selected strains can convert sparingly soluble mineral and organic phosphorus into more available forms. Reported mechanisms include the production of organic acids, phosphatases, and other phosphorus-mobilizing metabolites. These activities may increase available phosphorus in the rhizosphere and support plant phosphorus uptake. In field and laboratory studies, strain CNPMS B119 demonstrated calcium- and iron-phosphate solubilization, phosphatase activity, and increased phosphorus acquisition by maize. Strain P68 increased soil-available phosphorus and phosphorus accumulation in potato plants. Supported by: de Oliveira-Paiva et al., 2024 – Frontiers in Microbiology ; Lin et al., 2023 – Frontiers in Microbiology 2. Root Development and Growth-Associated Metabolites Some B. megaterium strains produce indole-3-acetic acid or IAA-like compounds, siderophores, exopolysaccharides and biofilms. These traits may support root development, rhizosphere colonization and nutrient acquisition. In rice pot experiments, strains CACC109 and CACC119 promoted root growth under both well-watered and water-stressed conditions. The strains demonstrated IAA production, phosphate solubilization, siderophore production and ACC-deaminase activity under laboratory conditions. Supported by: Lee et al., 2024 – Frontiers in Microbiology ; de Oliveira-Paiva et al., 2024 – Frontiers in Microbiology 3. Rhizosphere Nutrient Dynamics Inoculation can influence nutrient availability and microbial-community composition in the root zone. A greenhouse study using an inoculant containing B. megaterium and B. mucilaginosus increased available phosphorus and potassium, altered the soil bacterial community, and supported chili-pepper growth in calcareous soil. Because this study used a microbial consortium, its results cannot be attributed exclusively to B. megaterium . Supported by: Zhao et al., 2019 – Journal of Soils and Sediments ; Thepbandit and Athinuwat, 2024 – Microorganisms 4. Nutrient Uptake and Crop Performance Selected strains have produced positive crop responses in replicated pot and field studies. Strain P68 increased soil-available phosphorus, plant phosphorus accumulation and commercial potato-tuber yield in a field experiment. Strain CNPMS B119 improved maize yield across multiple Brazilian field seasons, although the magnitude of the response differed between locations and soil-fertility conditions. A separate maize study found that combined inoculation with B. megaterium Ag87 and Lysinibacillus sp. Ag94 improved phosphorus-use efficiency and grain yield, providing additional evidence for the use of B. megaterium within compatible microbial consortia. Supported by: Lin et al., 2023 – Frontiers in Microbiology ; de Oliveira-Paiva et al., 2024 – Frontiers in Microbiology ; Massucato et al., 2022 – Microorganisms 5. Support Under Abiotic Stress Certain strains have been investigated for their ability to support plants under drought and other environmental stresses. In rice, strains CACC109 and CACC119 improved survival, chlorophyll content and water retention under controlled drought conditions while influencing antioxidant- and drought-responsive gene expression. In greenhouse research, strain HGS7 promoted mulberry growth and was associated with increased proline accumulation and antioxidant-enzyme activity during drought stress. These findings indicate strain-specific potential but require additional field validation. Supported by: Lee et al., 2024 – Frontiers in Microbiology ; Ou et al., 2022 – Frontiers in Plant Science 6. Integration with Fertilizer Programs By improving phosphorus solubilization and nutrient acquisition, selected B. megaterium strains may complement conventional phosphorus-fertilization programs. However, the evidence does not support a universal fertilizer-reduction percentage. Any reduction should be established through crop-, soil-, strain- and formulation-specific trials. Supported by: de Oliveira-Paiva et al., 2024 – Frontiers in Microbiology ; Massucato et al., 2022 – Microorganisms These mechanisms and agricultural outcomes have been demonstrated for selected strains or microbial consortia. They should not be interpreted as evidence that every strain or commercial formulation of P. megaterium will produce the same response. Additional Info Compatibility and tank-mixing guidance Bacillus megaterium can be integrated with mineral fertilizers and other microbial inoculants. Compatibility depends on the strain, formulation, water quality, input concentration and contact time. Compatible or potentially compatible with: Other bacterial biofertilizers: Selected strains have been successfully combined with Rhizobium , Azotobacter , Bacillus , Paenibacillus . These combinations can provide complementary functions such as nitrogen fixation and phosphorus or potassium mobilization. Mycorrhizal fungi and other beneficial microorganisms: Phosphate-solubilizing bacteria may complement mycorrhizal nutrient acquisition. Confirm formulation-specific compatibility before combining. Mineral fertilizers: B. megaterium may be used within nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium fertilizer programs. Add the inoculant only after fertilizers have been fully diluted, and avoid prolonged contact with concentrated fertilizer stock solutions. Organic amendments and biostimulants: Compatible composts, humic substances, seaweed extracts and amino-acid products may be used within the same program after physical and biological compatibility has been confirmed. Use separately unless compatibility has been verified: Bactericides, antibiotics and copper-based crop-protection products Disinfectants and oxidizing agents, including chlorine, hydrogen peroxide, peracetic acid and ozone Strongly acidic or alkaline solutions Concentrated fertilizer stock solutions or mixtures with very high salinity Unverified fungicides, insecticides, seed treatments and other pesticides Practical Recommendations: Use clean water and avoid excessive residual chlorine. Maintain agitation during mixing and application. Apply the prepared suspension on the same day. Conduct a jar test to check physical compatibility; however, a clear mixture does not confirm microbial viability. Where biological compatibility is unknown, apply the products separately according to their label directions. Confirm compatibility before combining multiple microorganisms in the same tank, as beneficial effects are strain- and formulation-dependent. Dosage & Application Dosage and Application The following recommendations apply to a water-dispersible Bacillus megaterium formulation containing 1 × 10⁹ CFU/g . Application method Recommended rate Application guidance Seed treatment 15–25 g/kg seed Apply as a uniform slurry shortly before sowing. In-furrow application 250 g/ha (100 g/acre) Apply in sufficient water directly into the seed furrow at planting. Root-zone application 250 g/ha (100 g/acre) Apply as a directed drench at planting, transplanting or during early crop establishment. Drip irrigation or fertigation 250 g/ha (100 g/acre) Introduce through the irrigation system and distribute uniformly to the active root zone. Orchards and vineyards 250 g/ha (100 g/acre) Apply through drip irrigation or as a directed root-zone drench. Calculate the rate per plant according to planting density. Greenhouse and hydroponic systems 250 g/ha of cultivated area Premix in water and introduce through the irrigation or nutrient tank for uniform delivery to the root zone. Seed Treatment Mix 15–25 g of inoculant per kilogram of seed with the minimum volume of clean water required to produce a uniform coating. A compatible binder may be added when necessary. Maintain continuous mixing for even coverage. Avoid excessive wetting or seed clumping. Allow treated seed to surface-dry in the shade. Sow as soon as practical after treatment. Confirm compatibility with other seed-treatment products before mixing. Root-Zone, In-Furrow and Fertigation Application Prepare a premix in a small volume of clean water. Add the premix to the application tank under agitation, add the remaining water and mix until uniformly dispersed. Apply 250 g/ha (100 g/acre) through: In-furrow application at sowing Transplant-water application Directed root-zone drenching Drip irrigation or fertigation Orchard and vineyard irrigation systems Greenhouse or hydroponic nutrient-delivery systems The water volume may be adjusted according to the crop, irrigation system and application equipment while maintaining the recommended product rate per treated area. Orchard and Vineyard Calculation Calculate the individual plant rate by dividing 250 g by the number of trees or vines per hectare . Planting density Approximate rate per plant 250 plants/ha 1 g 500 plants/ha 0.5 g 1,000 plants/ha 0.25 g 2,500 plants/ha 0.1 g Application Best Practices Apply to moist soil or irrigate shortly after application. Use clean, non-chlorinated water whenever possible. Maintain agitation throughout mixing and application. Use the prepared suspension on the same day. Avoid mixing with bactericides, disinfectants, oxidizing agents or incompatible crop-protection products. Confirm compatibility before combining with fertilizers or other microbial inoculants. Apply during the cooler part of the day when possible. Store the unopened product in a cool, dry place away from direct sunlight and moisture. FAQ What is Bacillus megaterium , and why is it used in agriculture? Bacillus megaterium , now taxonomically classified as Priestia megaterium , is a naturally occurring soil bacterium. Selected strains are used as microbial inoculants primarily for their ability to mobilize phosphorus and support root-zone nutrient availability. Some strains also produce plant-growth-associated metabolites that may support root development and crop establishment. Read more about Bacillus megaterium applications . How can Bacillus megaterium support plant growth? Depending on the strain, reported functions include: Solubilizing sparingly soluble phosphorus into more plant-available forms Producing organic acids, phosphatases and other nutrient-mobilizing metabolites Producing indole-3-acetic acid and other growth-associated compounds Supporting root development and nutrient acquisition Influencing nutrient cycling and microbial activity in the rhizosphere These characteristics are strain-dependent and should not be assumed for every B. megaterium isolate or formulation. Is Bacillus megaterium compatible with mineral fertilizers? It can be integrated with nitrogen, phosphorus and other mineral-fertilizer programs. Research indicates that compatible combinations may improve phosphorus availability and nutrient-use efficiency under suitable conditions. However, physical and biological compatibility depends on the fertilizer chemistry, concentration, water quality and contact time. A compatibility test is recommended before tank mixing. Can it reduce fertilizer requirements? Selected strains may complement phosphorus-fertilization programs by improving the availability of phosphorus already present in the soil or applied through fertilizers. This may create opportunities to optimize fertilizer inputs, but no universal reduction percentage can be recommended. Any fertilizer adjustment should be based on soil testing, crop requirements and replicated trials with the specific strain and formulation. Which crops may benefit from Bacillus megaterium ? Positive responses have been investigated in crops including: Cereals such as maize, wheat, rice and barley Vegetables such as potato, cucumber, cauliflower and pepper Oilseeds such as oilseed rape Root crops such as sugar beet Fruit, nursery and horticultural crops Crop suitability and expected performance depend on the strain, formulation, soil conditions and production system. How is the product applied? Depending on the formulation and label directions, common application methods include: Seed treatment or seed coating In-furrow application at planting Root-zone drenching Transplant-water application Fertigation through compatible irrigation systems Incorporation into selected growing media Always follow the product-specific application rate and mixing instructions. Can it be used in hydroponic or greenhouse systems? Suitable formulations may be applied through greenhouse irrigation or hydroponic nutrient tanks. Compatibility should be confirmed with the nutrient solution, system pH, sanitizers and filtration equipment. Avoid combining living microbial inoculants with disinfectants or bactericidal products unless compatibility has been established. How should the product be stored? Store the unopened product in a cool, dry place away from direct sunlight, excessive heat and moisture. Shelf life depends on the strain, viable-cell concentration, carrier, packaging and storage conditions. Refer to the product label, technical data sheet or certificate of analysis for the confirmed expiry period. Is Bacillus megaterium safe to use? Safety must be assessed at the strain and product level. Agricultural formulations containing verified strains are generally intended for use according to their label and safety data sheet. Users should follow normal handling precautions and wear the recommended personal protective equipment. Species-level information alone should not be used to make an absolute non-pathogenic or non-toxic claim for every strain and formulation. Can it be used in organic farming? It may be suitable for organic production when the complete formulation—including the microbial strain, carrier and additives—complies with the applicable organic standard. Acceptance should be confirmed through the product’s current certification or with the relevant organic control body. Does it perform equally well in every soil and climate? No. Performance can vary with soil pH, available phosphorus, organic matter, moisture, temperature, salinity, crop type and existing microbial communities. Suitable strains have been evaluated under diverse conditions, but local validation is recommended before adopting the product across a large production area. Functions and agronomic outcomes reported for selected strains do not establish equivalent performance for every B. megaterium strain or commercial formulation. Sustainability Advantage Related Products Aspergillus awamori Bacillus firmus Bacillus polymyxa Pseudomonas putida Pseudomonas striata More Products Resources Read all

Soil Conditioners are products that are applied to control water erosion and improve soil properties. Soil Conditioners Protect Your Soil for Sustainable Growth Revitalize tired soil and promote healthy plant growth with our soil conditioners, enriched with organic matter and essential nutrients to improve soil structure, water retention, and microbial activity, creating the perfect environment for thriving plants. Contact us What Why How FAQ What it is Soil conditioners are substances or products designed to enhance the physical, chemical, and biological properties of soil. They can be organic or synthetic and are applied to improve soil structure, fertility, and overall health. Why is it important Soil conditioners are vital because they address various soil challenges and improve its ability to support plant growth. They help to: Enhance Soil Structure: By improving soil aggregation, aeration, and porosity, soil conditioners create a favorable environment for root growth and nutrient uptake. Increase Water Holding Capacity: Many soil conditioners improve water retention, reducing water runoff and enhancing drought resistance in plants. Promote Nutrient Availability: Soil conditioners can increase the availability of essential nutrients like nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium to plants, improving overall nutrient uptake efficiency. Support Microbial Activity: They foster beneficial microbial communities in the soil, which play a key role in nutrient cycling, disease suppression, and soil health maintenance. Reduce Soil Erosion: Soil conditioners can mitigate soil erosion by stabilizing soil particles and improving soil structure. How it works Soil conditioners work by improving soil structure (aeration, aggregation), enhancing water holding capacity, promoting beneficial microbial activity, increasing nutrient availability, and reducing soil erosion. They can be organic (e.g., compost, humic substances, seaweed extracts) or synthetic (e.g., polymers, gypsum), each offering specific benefits depending on soil type and crop needs. Overall, they contribute to sustainable agriculture practices by improving crop yields, reducing the need for chemical fertilizers and pesticides, and promoting environmental sustainability. FAQ What is soil conditioner used for? A soil conditioner is a natural or organic material added to soil to improve its physical, chemical, and biological properties. It helps enhance soil fertility, water retention, aeration, and nutrient availability for plants. In sustainable farming systems, soil conditioners such as compost, vermicompost, biochar, and microbial amendments are commonly used to improve soil quality. These materials support beneficial microorganisms, increase organic matter content, and promote healthier root development. Soil conditioners are particularly useful in degraded soils, compacted soils, or soils with poor structure. Is soil conditioner better than compost? Soil conditioners and compost serve related but slightly different purposes. Compost is a type of organic soil amendment produced from decomposed organic matter such as plant residues and animal waste. It mainly improves soil fertility and microbial activity. Soil conditioners, on the other hand, refer to a broader category of materials designed to improve soil structure and physical properties. They may include compost, biochar, gypsum, peat, or microbial inoculants. In practice, compost is often considered one of the most effective organic soil conditioners because it provides both nutrients and organic matter while improving soil structure. What is the best way to condition soil? The best way to condition soil involves improving its organic matter content and biological activity through sustainable practices. Effective soil conditioning methods include: Incorporating compost or well-decomposed organic manure Applying biofertilizers and beneficial microorganisms Using cover crops and green manures Practicing crop rotation Reducing excessive tillage to maintain soil structure Combining these methods helps maintain soil fertility while supporting long-term soil health. How to choose the right soil conditioners? Choosing the right soil conditioner depends on the soil type, crop requirements, and existing soil problems. Key factors to consider include: Soil texture (sand, clay, or loam) Soil nutrient levels Water drainage and aeration capacity Organic matter content Crop nutrient requirements For example: Sandy soils benefit from compost and organic matter that increase water retention. Clay soils benefit from conditioners that improve aeration and reduce compaction. Nutrient-deficient soils may require biofertilizers and organic amendments. Soil testing is recommended before selecting a soil conditioner. What are the benefits of organic soil conditioners? Organic soil conditioners offer several advantages for sustainable farming systems: Improved soil fertility: They supply essential nutrients and enhance nutrient cycling in soil. Enhanced microbial activity: Organic materials support beneficial microorganisms such as bacteria and fungi that improve soil health. Better water retention: Organic matter increases the soil’s capacity to hold moisture, reducing drought stress. Improved root growth: Better soil structure allows roots to grow deeper and access nutrients more efficiently. Environmental sustainability: Organic conditioners reduce dependence on synthetic fertilizers and promote ecological balance. How do soil conditioners improve soil structure? Soil conditioners improve soil structure by increasing the amount of organic matter and microbial activity in the soil. Organic materials bind soil particles together to form stable soil aggregates. These aggregates improve soil porosity, allowing better movement of air and water through the soil profile. Improved soil structure leads to: Better aeration Reduced soil compaction Improved root penetration Enhanced water infiltration and drainage As a result, plants can access nutrients and moisture more effectively, leading to healthier crop growth. Soil Conditioner Our Products Explore our premium soil conditioners designed to enrich soil health, improve structure, and boost nutrient availability, ensuring optimal plant growth and sustainability. Aminos A bio-stimulant made from amino acids derived enzymatically from plant proteins, boosting crop yield by providing essential protein building blocks. View Product Fulvic Acid Rich in carboxyl and phenolic hydroxyl groups, it improves soil fertility by enhancing nutrient uptake and converting ineffective phosphorus into usable forms. View Product Humistar Derived from lignite as the potassium salt of humic acid, it enhances soil structure and nutrient retention, supporting improved plant growth and yield. View Product Seaweed Fertilizer Granules fermented from Sargassum seaweed, providing natural bio-stimulants for healthy root development and enhanced plant growth. View Product 1 1 ... 1 ... 1 Resources Read all

< Animal Health Mineral Max Mineral Max is an animal feed supplement to be used for improving muscular strength in all animals. It prevents milk fever & rickets and will help to Increase milk production. Product Enquiry Benefits Strengthens Bones and Muscles Supports skeletal and muscular development for improved strength and mobility in cattle. Prevents Deficiency-Related Disorders Helps prevent milk fever and rickets by maintaining proper mineral balance. Boosts Milk Yield and Quality Increases milk production while optimizing fat levels, enhancing overall dairy performance. Enhances Immunity and Healing Increases resistance to disease and promotes faster healing of wounds and injuries. Component Amount per kg Bioactive Chromium 65 mg Calcium 240 g Phosphorus 120 g Magnesium 2.11 g Zinc 2.13 g Copper 312 mg Cobalt 45 mg Iron 1000 mg Iodine 160 mg DL-Methionine 2.00 g L-Lysine 4.00 g Protein Hydrolysate 4.00 g Composition Distinction FAQ Additional Info FAQ Content coming soon! Dosage & Application Content coming soon! Additional Info Content coming soon! Related Products Stress Pro Camel Care Pro Cattle Care Max Cattle Care Pro Feed Pro Grass Mask Lactomine Pro Lactomix Pastocare Calf Pro More Products Resources Read all

In agriculture Azospirillum lipoferum is used to promote root development and nitrogen fixation in various crops, leading to enhanced growth and higher agricultural productivity. < Microbial Species Azospirillum lipoferum In agriculture Azospirillum lipoferum is used to promote root development and nitrogen fixation in various crops, leading to enhanced growth and higher agricultural productivity. Strength 1 x 10⁸ CFU per gram / 1 x 10⁹ CFU per gram / 1 x 10¹⁰ CFU per gram Product Enquiry Buy this species Download Brochure Benefits Disease Suppression Suppresses soil-borne pathogens through competition for nutrients and production of antimicrobial compounds, enhancing plant health and reducing disease incidence. Plant Growth Promotion Produces plant growth-promoting substances like auxins and cytokinins, stimulating root growth and overall plant development. Phosphate Solubilization Releases phosphate bound in the soil, making it available for plant uptake, thereby improving phosphorus nutrition. Nitrogen Fixation Converts atmospheric nitrogen into ammonia, enhancing soil fertility and reducing the need for nitrogen fertilizers. Dosage & Application Additional Info Scientific References Mode of Action Sustainability Advantage FAQ Scientific References 1. Azospirillum, a free-living nitrogen-fixing bacterium closely associated with grasses: genetic, biochemical and ecological aspects URL: https://academic.oup.com/femsre/article/24/4/487/510690 Journal : FEMS Microbiology Reviews (2000) 2. Azospirillum: benefits that go far beyond biological nitrogen fixation URL: https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC5935603/ Journal : PMC - PubMed Central (2018) 3. Field-based assessment of the mechanism of maize yield enhancement by Azospirillum lipoferum CRT1 URL: https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-017-07929-8 Journal : Scientific Reports - Nature (2017) 4. Posttranslational regulation of nitrogenase activity in Azospirillum brasilense URL: https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC196782/ Journal : Journal of Bacteriology 5. Molecular Mechanisms Determining the Role of Bacteria from the Genus Azospirillum in Plant Growth Promotion URL: https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC10252715/ Journal : International Journal of Molecular Sciences (2023) Mode of Action Biological Nitrogen Fixation Mechanism Azospirillum lipoferum converts atmospheric nitrogen (N₂) into ammonium (NH₄⁺) under microaerobic conditions through the nitrogenase enzyme complex . This complex consists of two essential components: the dinitrogenase protein (MoFe protein, NifDK) containing a molybdenum-iron cofactor where N₂ reduction occurs, and the dinitrogenase reductase protein (Fe protein, NifH) that transfers electrons to the nitrogenase protein. The efficiency of nitrogen fixation in A. lipoferum reaches 48 mg total nitrogen per gram glucose consumed at late log phase, with approximately 25% of fixed nitrogen recovered in culture supernatants . This bacterium demonstrates a unique hydrogenase system - an active uptake hydrogenase that increases during glucose limitation and serves as an oxygen protection mechanism for the oxygen-sensitive nitrogenase. Molecular Regulation Systems Transcriptional Control The nitrogen fixation process is regulated by multiple nif genes including the nifHDK operon encoding nitrogenase components and nifA as the transcriptional activator. Expression is controlled by the general nitrogen regulatory system involving NtrBC proteins and the alternative sigma factor σ⁵⁴ (RpoN). Post-translational Regulation A. lipoferum employs reversible ADP-ribosylation of the nitrogenase iron protein mediated by DraT (ADP-ribosyltransferase) and DraG (activating glycohydrolase) enzymes. This mechanism provides rapid response to environmental changes - nitrogenase becomes inactive when ADP-ribosylated in the presence of ammonium or anaerobic conditions, and reactivated when ADP-ribosyl groups are removed. Plant Growth Promotion Mechanisms Phytohormone Production A. lipoferum synthesizes multiple plant hormones through distinct biosynthetic pathways. The bacterium produces indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) via the indole-3-pyruvate (IPyA) pathway using the key enzyme indole-3-pyruvate decarboxylase encoded by ipdC . It also demonstrates capacity for gibberellin metabolism , effectively hydrolyzing GA₂₀-glucosyl conjugates and performing 3β-hydroxylation to convert GA₂₀ to the bioactive GA₁. The bacterium expresses ACC deaminase which hydrolyzes the ethylene precursor 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate , reducing plant ethylene levels and promoting growth. Additional hormones include cytokinins through octaprenyl diphosphate synthase activity. Root System Architecture Modification Inoculation with A. lipoferum results in altered root morphology characterized by increased lateral root formation and enhanced root hair development. This root system expansion allows plants to explore larger soil volumes for nutrient and water acquisition. Field studies demonstrate that these morphological changes occur early in plant development and correlate with improved photosynthetic potential and reduced glucose content in ascending sap. Root Colonization and Plant Interaction Attachment Mechanisms A. lipoferum employs a two-step colonization process . Initial adsorption is mediated by the polar flagellum , whose flagellin protein is a glycoprotein essential for motility-dependent attachment. The subsequent anchoring phase involves unidentified surface polysaccharides that facilitate stable root surface colonization. Energy taxis plays a crucial role in root colonization, with bacteria navigating toward metabolizable compounds in root exudates. This chemotactic response contributes to the broad host range observed in Azospirillum -plant associations. Mineral Nutrition Enhancement A. lipoferum demonstrates phosphate solubilization ability , though weaker than specialized phosphate-solubilizing bacteria. The mechanism involves organic acid production (primarily acetic acid) that reduces medium pH and releases soluble phosphate from calcium phosphate complexes . Coimmobilization with other phosphate-solubilizing bacteria like Bacillus megaterium significantly enhances phosphate availability. The bacterium also participates in iron nutrition through potential siderophore production and iron chelation mechanisms , though specific iron acquisition systems require further characterization. Agricultural Applications and Field Performance Commercial Inoculant Effectiveness Field studies with commercial strain A. lipoferum CRT1 demonstrate variable but significant yield enhancement across different agricultural sites. The bacterium's effectiveness depends on soil characteristics and environmental conditions , with survival on maize roots limited to approximately 57 days post-inoculation . Research indicates that A. lipoferum inoculation can substitute for 50% of nitrogen fertilizer applications without yield reduction , demonstrating potential for sustainable agriculture practices. The bacterium shows particular efficacy when applied as seed coating formulations. Stress Tolerance Mechanisms A. lipoferum confers drought tolerance through multiple mechanisms including abscisic acid synthesis , osmotic adjustment , and antioxidant enzyme activation . The bacterium induces expression of stress-related genes and enhances water use efficiency in treated plants. Additional Info Recommended Crops: Cereals, Millets, Pulses, Oilseeds, Fibre Crops, Sugar Crops, Forage Crops, Plantation crops, Vegetables, Fruits, Spices, Flowers, Medicinal crops, Aromatic Crops, Orchards, and Ornamentals. Compatibility: Compatible with Bio Pesticides, Bio Fertilizers, and Plant growth hormones but not with chemical fertilizers and chemical pesticides. Shelf Life: Stable within 1 year from the date of manufacturing. Packing: We offer tailor-made packaging as per customers' requirements. Dosage & Application Seed Coating/Seed Treatment: Coat 1 kg of seeds with a slurry mixture of 10 g of Azospirillum Lipoferum and 10 g of crude sugar in sufficient water. Dry the coated seeds in shade before sowing or broadcasting in the field. Seedling Treatment: Dip seedlings into a mixture of 100 grams of Azospirillum Lipoferum with sufficient water. Soil Treatment: Mix 3-5 kg per acre of Azospirillum Lipoferum with organic manure or fertilizers. Incorporate into the soil during planting or sowing. Irrigation: Mix 3 kg per acre of Azospirillum Lipoferum in water and apply through drip lines. FAQ What physiological mechanisms underlie the benefits of Azospirillum lipoferum in crops? Azospirillum lipoferum is a diazotrophic bacterium that colonizes the rhizosphere and endorhizally associates with plant roots. Through biological nitrogen fixation via the nitrogenase enzyme complex, it converts atmospheric N₂ into bioavailable ammonia, enhancing plant nitrogen nutrition. Additionally, it synthesizes phytohormones (indole-3-acetic acid, gibberellins) that modulate root architecture—promoting lateral root proliferation and root hair elongation—thereby increasing absorptive surface area and nutrient uptake efficiency. How is Azospirillum lipoferum formulated and applied in agronomic practice? Seed Inoculation: Prepare a peat-based carrier formulation containing ≥10⁸ CFU/g. Coat seeds at 10 g inoculant per kg seed, ensuring uniform adhesion with an adhesive such as sterile sucrose solution. Air-dry for 30–60 minutes prior to sowing. Seedling Root Dip: Suspend 100 g of inoculum in 10 L of sterile water and dip root systems of nursery seedlings for 15 minutes before transplanting. Soil Amendment: Incorporate 3–5 kg inoculant per hectare into the top 10 cm of soil, preferably mixed with well-decomposed organic manure. Liquid Delivery: Dissolve 3 kg inoculant in 1,000 L of irrigation water and apply via drip or furrow irrigation systems to distribute cells throughout the rhizosphere. Which agronomic crops demonstrate optimal responsiveness to Azospirillum lipoferum inoculation? Field and greenhouse trials indicate significant yield and biomass improvements in Poaceae (wheat, maize, rice, sorghum), Fabaceae (pulses), Brassicaceae (oilseeds), Solanaceae (tomato, pepper), and Cucurbitaceae (cucumber, melon). Enhanced root development and N-use efficiency have been documented across cereals, legumes, oilseeds, horticultural, and fiber crops. What compatibility and biosafety considerations apply to Azospirillum lipoferum applications? Azospirillum lipoferum formulations are biosafe, exhibiting no pathogenicity to plants, humans, or animals. The bacterium is compatible with organic amendments, biofertilizers, and select biopesticides. Physical or chemical incompatibilities may arise when co-applied with high concentrations of synthetic fertilizers or broad-spectrum biocides; sequential rather than simultaneous application is recommended to maintain cell viability. What are the recommended storage conditions and shelf life parameters for Azospirillum lipoferum inoculants? Maintain formulations at 4–10 °C in moisture-proof, opaque packaging. Under these conditions, viable cell counts remain ≥10⁷ CFU/g for 9–12 months post-manufacture. Prolonged exposure to temperatures above 25 °C or high relative humidity reduces survival rates and inoculum efficacy. Sustainability Advantage Related Products Acetobacter xylinum Azospirillum brasilense Azospirillum spp. Azotobacter vinelandii Beijerinckia indica Bradyrhizobium elkanii Bradyrhizobium japonicum Gluconacetobacter diazotrophicus More Products Resources Read all

Bifidobacterium longum supports gut health, aids digestion, and helps reduce inflammation in the intestines, contributing to overall wellness. < Microbial Species Bifidobacterium longum Bifidobacterium longum supports gut health, aids digestion, and helps reduce inflammation in the intestines, contributing to overall wellness. Strength 1 x 10⁸ CFU per gram / 1 x 10⁹ CFU per gram / 1 x 10¹⁰ CFU per gram Product Enquiry Buy this species Download Brochure Benefits Anti-Inflammatory Properties It helps reduce inflammation in the gut, contributing to overall gut health and potentially alleviating symptoms of inflammatory bowel diseases. Digestive Health Improvement This probiotic supports digestive health by promoting a balanced gut microbiota and alleviating symptoms of constipation and bloating. Mental Health Support This strain has been linked to improved mood and reduced symptoms of anxiety and depression, highlighting the gut-brain connection. Immune System Enhancement It strengthens the immune system by increasing the production of antibodies and improving the body’s ability to combat infections. Dosage & Application Additional Info Scientific References Mode of Action Sustainability Advantage FAQ Scientific References Content coming soon! Mode of Action Content coming soon! Additional Info Key Features All microbial strains are characterized using 16S rDNA. All products are non-GMO. No animal-derived materials are used. The typical shelf life is 2 years. All strains are screened in-house using high-throughput screening methods. We can customize manufacturing based on the required strength and dosage. High-resilience strains Stable under a wide pH range Stable under a broad temperature range Stable in the presence of bile salts and acids Do not show antibiotic resistance Packaging Material The product is packaged in a multi-layer, ultra-high barrier foil that is heat-sealed and placed inside a cardboard shipper or plastic drum. Shipping Shipping is available worldwide. Probiotic packages are typically transported in insulated Styrofoam shippers with dry ice to avoid exposure to extreme high temperatures during transit. Support Documentation Certificate of Analysis (COA) Specifications Material Safety Data Sheets (MSDS) Stability studies (18 months) Certifications ISO 9001 ISO 22000 HACCP Halal and Kosher Certification (for Lactobacillus strains) FSSAI Dosage & Application Contact us for more details FAQ Content coming soon! Sustainability Advantage Related Products Bifidobacterium animalis Bifidobacterium bifidum Bifidobacterium breve Bifidobacterium infantis Clostridium butyricum Lactobacillus acidophilus Lactobacillus bulgaricus Lactobacillus casei Out of gallery More Products Which Bacterium Fixes Nitrogen in Plant Root Nodules? Stanislav M. Mar 5 2 min read What Is the Process of Nitrogen Fixation by Bacteria? Stanislav M. Mar 5 3 min read How Do Nitrogen-Fixing Bacteria Work? Stanislav M. Mar 5 7 min read What Are the Industrial Applications of Aspergillus Oryzae? Stanislav M. Feb 28 2 min read Resources Read all

Pseudomonas stutzeri is a versatile bacterium essential in the nitrogen cycle, performing denitrification to convert nitrates into nitrogen gas, aiding in nitrogen balance and pollution reduction. Its ability to degrade hydrocarbons, pesticides, and heavy metals makes it a key player in bioremediation and wastewater treatment. Additionally, it supports sustainable agriculture through phosphate solubilization and plant growth promotion. Its adaptability and diverse metabolic capabilities position it as a valuable organism for environmental restoration and biotechnological applications. < Microbial Species Pseudomonas stutzeri Pseudomonas stutzeri is a versatile bacterium essential in the nitrogen cycle, performing denitrification to convert nitrates into nitrogen gas, aiding in nitrogen balance and pollution reduction. Its ability to degrade hydrocarbons, pesticides, and heavy metals makes it a key player in bioremediation and wastewater treatment. Additionally, it supports sustainable agriculture through phosphate solubilization and plant growth promotion. Its adaptability and diverse metabolic capabilities position it as a valuable organism for environmental restoration and biotechnological applications. Strength 1 x 10⁸ CFU per gram / 1 x 10⁹ CFU per gram / 1 x 10¹⁰ CFU per gram Product Enquiry Buy this species Download Brochure Benefits Nitrogen Fixation Capable of fixing atmospheric nitrogen, enhancing soil fertility and supporting plant growth. Soil Health Improvement Contributes to nutrient cycling in soil, promoting overall soil health and ecosystem balance. Pollutant Degradation Effectively degrades a wide range of organic pollutants, aiding in environmental cleanup. Bioremediation Role Plays a crucial role in bioremediation processes, especially in the degradation of hydrocarbons and heavy metals. Dosage & Application Additional Info Scientific References Mode of Action Sustainability Advantage FAQ Scientific References Content coming soon! Mode of Action Content coming soon! Additional Info Contact us for more details Dosage & Application Contact us for more details FAQ Content coming soon! Sustainability Advantage Related Products Saccharomyces cerevisiae Bacillus polymyxa Thiobacillus novellus Thiobacillus thiooxidans Alcaligenes denitrificans Bacillus licheniformis Bacillus macerans Citrobacter braakii More Products Resources Read all

Micro-Manna is a diluent to activate MICROM, to enhance the performance of the Biofertiliser product. Supplier & Manufacturer company in USA. PRODUCT OVERVIEW MICRO-MANNA is a Diluent to activate MICROM , to enhance the performance of the Biofertiliser product. MICRO-MANNA contains a mixture of Photosynthetic Bacteria (Rhodopseudomonas Palustris), Lactic Acid Bacteria (Lactobacillus Casei, Lactobacillus Plantarum ) and (Saccharomyces Cerevisiae). MICRO-MANNA influences the microbial environment in a way that the constructive microorganisms become dominant. Composition All organisms are equally divided Each ml contains -1 x 108 CFU Bacillus Subtilis Bifidobacterium Animalis Bifidobacterium Bifidum Bifidobacterium Longum Lactobacillus Acidophilus Lactobacillus Bulgaricus Lactobacillus Casei Lactobacillus Delbrueckii Lactobacillus Fermentum Lactobacillus Plantarum Lactobacillus Diacetylactis Lactobacillus Lactis Rhodopseudomonas Palustris Saccharomyces Cerevisiae Streptococcus Thermophilus Features & Benefits Increases disease resistance Reduces fruit drop and Increases yield Increases resistance to drought Rejuvenates older trees Enhances soil fertility and nutrient availability Reduces stress caused by environment changes Prevents early decline Mode of Action Dosage: Mix 1 Liter of Micro-manna with 100gms MICROM powder. Spray Application: Add 100 gms of MICROM Powder in 1 Liter of Micro-Manna and keep overnight. Then follow the usage instructions of MICROM . Application Frequency: Follow the frequency of MICROM Powder. Dosage and Method of Application Add 100 Gms of MICROM in 1 Ltr MICRO-MANNA and keep overnight and follow Usage instructions of MICROM . Recommended Crops Cereals, Millets, Pulses, Oilseeds, Fibre Crops, Sugar Crops Forage Crops, Plantation crops, Vegetables, Fruits, Spices, Flowers, Medicinal crops Aromatic Crops, Orchards, and Ornamentals. Shelf Life & Packaging Shelf life: Best before 24 months, Stored in room temperature. Packaging: 1 Litre bottle Producing compounds used by the bacteria to stifle the growth of competing, pathogenic microbes. This is done through the production of a variety of compounds, which a team of Canadian and Chinese researchers has narrowed down to antibiotics, antimicrobial peptides, bacteriocins metabolites, siderophores, toxins, and other microbial blends. [Read more ] Downloads Product Information Label Information Click here for Product Enquiry Related Articles Four principles for organic agriculture (1/4): Health. Organic agriculture is a different sort of business. It is, of course, still a business, where profitability and productivity matter (how... Biological pest control agent profiles: Encarsia formosa Any gardener, no matter the scale of their work, have noticed at some point the infestation of little white insects, flying frenetically... Biological pest control agent profiles: Plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) As a part of the collective efforts of the agricultural industry for finding ways of dealing with microscopic agents of disease, there...

Rhizophagus intraradices (previously Glomus intraradices) is an arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus used in agriculture, that improves root structure enhances plant nutrient uptake, especially phosphorus, improving plant growth, stress resilience, and soil health in sustainable agriculture. < Microbial Species Rhizophagus Intraradices Rhizophagus intraradices (previously Glomus intraradices) is an arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus used in agriculture, that improves root structure enhances plant nutrient uptake, especially phosphorus, improving plant growth, stress resilience, and soil health in sustainable agriculture. Strength 245-10000 spores/g Product Enquiry Buy this species Download Brochure Benefits Improved Soil Health Hyphal networks bind soil particles, promoting soil structure, aeration, and moisture retention, creating healthier, more resilient environments for plant roots. Reduced Fertilizer Dependence Improved nutrient efficiency allows plants to thrive with less fertilizer, supporting sustainable farming practices and decreasing potential soil and water pollution. Increased Drought Resistance Extending root surface area boosts water absorption, helping plants endure drought conditions, enhancing resilience, and reducing water stress. Enhanced Nutrient Uptake Improves nutrient access, especially phosphorus, by forming hyphal networks that extend beyond plant roots, increasing nutrient availability and uptake. Dosage & Application Additional Info Scientific References Mode of Action Sustainability Advantage FAQ Scientific References Improves growth and phosphorus uptake in contaminated soil Inoculation with R. intraradices significantly enhanced soybean growth, phosphorus uptake, and grain yield even in heavy metal-contaminated soils ( Adeyemi et al., 2021 ). Broad agricultural benefits and soil health contributions A comprehensive review highlighted the species' roles in nutrient cycling, improved water retention, glomalin production, and overall support for sustainable agriculture ( Onyeaka et al., 2024 ). Enhanced nutrient uptake and microbial community structure Field experiments with maize showed that R. intraradices increased phosphorus and nitrogen uptake, biomass, and improved soil microbial biomass when combined with earthworms ( Li et al., 2013 ). Remediation and soil improvement in polluted environments Combining R. intraradices with Solanum nigrum improved cadmium retention in roots, boosted soil enzyme activity, and enhanced microbial diversity under heavy metal stress ( Wang et al., 2025 ). Improved drought tolerance and antioxidant activity Inoculated finger millet seedlings showed improved phosphorus uptake, chlorophyll content, and stress tolerance indicators such as higher antioxidant levels and reduced oxidative damage (Tyagi et al., 2021) . Mode of Action 1. Host Recognition and Root Colonization Rhizophagus intraradices , a species of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus (AMF) in the phylum Glomeromycota , initiates symbiosis through a sophisticated chemical signaling exchange with host plants. Root exudates, particularly strigolactones , trigger spore germination and hyphal branching. In response, R. intraradices produces Myc-LCOs (Mycorrhizal lipochitooligosaccharides) , which activate host plant receptors and initiate symbiotic signaling pathways via the common symbiosis signaling pathway (CSSP) . Once recognition is achieved, the fungus penetrates the root epidermis and cortex via appressoria , establishing intraradical colonization . Within cortical cells, it forms arbuscules , finely branched hyphal structures that serve as the interface for bi-directional nutrient exchange. In some host species, vesicles are also formed, acting as lipid-rich storage and reproductive structures. Source : Kumar, Sanjeev. (2018). In vitro cultivation of AMF using Root Organ Culture: factory of biofertilizers and secondary metabolites production. 2. Nutrient Foraging and Transfer The most direct agronomic benefit of R. intraradices lies in its capacity to enhance nutrient acquisition: The fungus develops an extensive extraradical hyphal network that significantly increases the absorptive surface area of the root system, accessing nutrients beyond the rhizosphere depletion zone . Key nutrients mobilized include phosphorus (Pi) , zinc (Zn) , copper (Cu) , and other micronutrients, often bound in forms that are otherwise unavailable to plants. High-affinity phosphate transporters (e.g., GintPT ) in fungal hyphae facilitate Pi uptake, which is then translocated via the fungal cytoskeleton to the arbuscules. Inside the arbuscule interface, nutrient exchange occurs via a periarbuscular membrane , where plant Pi and metal transporters (e.g., PT4 ) retrieve the nutrients. In return, the plant supplies the fungus with photosynthetically derived carbon , mainly in the form of hexoses , transported through plant sugar transporters , supporting fungal metabolism and reproduction. Khan, Yaseen, Sulaiman Shah, and Tian Hui. 2022. " The Roles of Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi in Influencing Plant Nutrients, Photosynthesis, and Metabolites of Cereal Crops—A Review" Agronomy 12, no. 9: 2191. 3. Abiotic Stress Alleviation R. intraradices significantly modulates plant physiological responses under abiotic stress conditions: Enhances water acquisition through extended hyphal reach and improved root hydraulic conductivity. Increases osmoprotectant synthesis , including proline , glycine betaine , and soluble sugars , aiding in osmotic adjustment under drought and salinity stress. Activates antioxidant enzyme systems , including superoxide dismutase (SOD) , catalase (CAT) , and ascorbate peroxidase (APX) , reducing oxidative damage from ROS generated during stress. Influences the synthesis and signaling of phytohormones such as abscisic acid (ABA) , jasmonic acid (JA) , salicylic acid (SA) , and auxins , which regulate stress adaptation, stomatal closure, and root architecture. 4. Soil Aggregation and Health The extraradical hyphae of R. intraradices play a critical role in soil structure and fertility : Secrete glomalin-related soil proteins (GRSPs) that stabilize soil aggregates by binding mineral particles and organic matter. Improve soil porosity , water infiltration , and bulk density , contributing to enhanced root penetration and aeration. Support carbon sequestration by promoting stable soil organic carbon pools. Increase microbial biomass and enzymatic activity, such as phosphatases , ureases , and dehydrogenases , which further enhance nutrient cycling and microbial community function. 5. Biotic Stress Resistance and Pathogen Suppression R. intraradices contributes to plant immunity and disease resistance through several pathways: Competes with soil pathogens for space and resources in the rhizosphere and root cortex. Activates induced systemic resistance (ISR) via jasmonate and ethylene signaling pathways, enhancing the plant’s defense readiness. Alters rhizosphere microbiome composition , often increasing populations of beneficial microorganisms (e.g., Pseudomonas , Trichoderma ) that further antagonize pathogens. Reduces the translocation of heavy metals and xenobiotics to aerial parts, providing a protective buffer in contaminated soils. 6. Ecological and Agronomic Integration In sustainable agriculture, R. intraradices is increasingly applied as a bioinoculant , either alone or in combination with other beneficial microbes. Its efficacy depends on: Soil conditions (pH, organic matter, nutrient availability) Host plant genotype and mycorrhizal compatibility Co-inoculation strategies (e.g., with nitrogen-fixing bacteria like Azospirillum brasilense ) Reduction in synthetic fertilizer inputs, which can suppress AMF colonization when in excess Additional Info Product Specifications Strength: customisable Formulation: customisable Purity: High-quality inoculum with verified spore viability Storage and Handling Store in a cool, dry place away from direct sunlight and extreme temperatures. Optimal storage temperature is 4-25°C (39-77°F). Keep container tightly sealed when not in use. Shelf life is 12 months when stored properly. Avoid exposure to fungicides or excessive heat which may reduce spore viability. Best Practices Apply to moist soil for optimal spore germination Ensure direct contact between inoculant and plant roots Avoid over-fertilization, especially with phosphorus, which can suppress mycorrhizal colonization Combine with organic matter amendments to enhance fungal establishment Use within the same growing season after opening for maximum effectiveness Environmental Conditions R. intraradices thrives in well-aerated, slightly acidic to neutral soils (pH 5.5-7.0). The fungus is naturally adapted to diverse soil types and climatic conditions, making it suitable for global agricultural applications. Performance is optimized in soils with moderate organic matter content and adequate moisture. Safety Non-toxic and safe for humans, animals, and the environment. Certified for use in organic agriculture by various international certification bodies. Contains only naturally occurring beneficial fungi with no genetically modified organisms. Dosage & Application Application Rates for Different Agricultural Systems For Field Crops (Hectare-based application): Standard field application: 60 g per hectare High-intensity farming: Up to 100 g per hectare for optimal colonization Maize and cereal crops: 60–100 g/ha mixed with seed or applied at sowing Legume crops (soybean, chickpea, lentil): 60 g/ha, compatible with rhizobial inoculants Horticultural crops (vegetables, fruits): 30–50 g per hectare For Specialized Applications: Hydroponic systems: 1 g per plant or 580 propagules per liter applied via subirrigation Greenhouse nurseries and potting: 3 g per square meter of growing area Tissue culture and micropropagated plants: 0.5–1.0 g per seedling during hardening stage Cuttings and propagation material: 0.5 g per cutting at rooting medium Turf and ornamental applications: 50–100 g per 1000 m² Optimal Spore Density and Colonization Rates Research indicates that optimal inoculation requires a minimum threshold for effective colonization: Minimum effective spore density: 2–3 spores per seed or seedling for adequate colonization establishment Optimal spore density: 5–6 spores per seed results in superior root colonization rates (75–84%) and maximal plant vigor Application strength: The product contains 245 active spores per gram, ensuring consistent and reliable inoculum quality Colonization timeline: Initial root colonization typically occurs within 2–4 weeks; visible plant benefits manifest within 6–8 weeks; maximum benefits develop throughout the entire growing season Application Methods and Techniques Seed Treatment (Most Common) Mix R. intraradices inoculum with seeds immediately before sowing at a ratio of 60 g per hectare. Ensure uniform distribution for consistent field colonization. In-Furrow Application Apply 60 g per hectare directly into the planting furrow at sowing depth (5–8 cm). This method ensures close proximity of spores to germinating roots. Root Dip Method (Nurseries and Transplants) Suspend seedling roots in a slurry containing 3 g per square meter of growing area for 2–5 minutes before transplanting. This high-contact method accelerates colonization establishment. Subirrigation and Hydroponic Systems Dilute liquid inoculum (580 propagules/liter) in irrigation water and apply weekly through drip or subirrigation systems. Filter product to prevent emitter clogging. Soil Incorporation Mix inoculum into soil at 60 g per hectare 1–2 weeks before planting for field crops, allowing time for spore positioning. Foliar and Root Zone Drenching Apply via soil drenching at transplanting stage (10 mL per plant) for containerized crops and horticultural applications. Critical Application Considerations Phosphorus Management High soil phosphorus levels (>50 ppm) suppress AMF colonization and reduce symbiotic effectiveness. When using R. intraradices, reduce phosphorus fertilizer applications and rely on the fungus to mobilize existing soil phosphorus reserves. Combination treatments of R. intraradices + 50% recommended phosphorus consistently outperform full-dose phosphorus alone. Fungicide and Chemical Interactions Avoid fungicide applications for at least 2–4 weeks post-inoculation to prevent suppression of colonization. Systemic fungicides are particularly damaging to AMF establishment. Coordinate all pesticide applications with agronomist recommendations considering AMF symbiosis. Soil Preparation and Timing Inoculate into well-prepared, slightly acidic to neutral soils (pH 6.0–7.5). Avoid waterlogged conditions immediately post-inoculation. Ideal soil moisture should be 60–70% of field capacity. Compatibility with Other Microorganisms R. intraradices generally works synergistically with beneficial bacteria (Bacillus spp., Azospirillum spp.) and other AMF species. Co-inoculation often produces superior results to single-organism application. Storage and Handling Store product in cool, dry conditions (4–15°C) in sealed containers away from light. Do not expose to temperatures above 25°C or to direct sunlight. Use within 12–24 months of manufacture for optimal viability; maintain storage conditions to preserve spore viability and germination potential. FAQ What is the new name for Glomus intraradices? The fungus formerly known as Glomus intraradices has been officially reclassified as Rhizophagus intraradices based on comprehensive molecular phylogenetic analysis. This taxonomic change, implemented following the 2010 reclassification by Schüßler and Walker, reflects advances in DNA sequencing technology and ribosomal RNA gene analysis that revealed the original genus assignment was incorrect. The genus Rhizophagus is more accurately aligned with the evolutionary lineage and morphological characteristics of this species. The reclassification was formally anchored through the International Culture Collection of Vesicular Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi (INVAM) culture FL208, which represents the type strain and nomenclatural authority for the species. Important Note: It is critical to distinguish between two distinct species within the Rhizophagus genus: Rhizophagus intraradices (formerly Glomus intraradices, strain FL208 and related isolates) Rhizophagus irregularis (formerly known as Glomus irregulare and historically confused with R. intraradices, particularly the DAOM197198 reference strain) While historically conflated, phylogenetic and molecular analyses now clearly demonstrate these are separate species with different colonization characteristics and agricultural performance profiles. What is the use of Glomus intraradices (Rhizophagus intraradices)? R. intraradices serves as a plant growth-promoting arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus with diverse agricultural, horticultural, and environmental applications: Sustainable intensification of cereal crops (maize, wheat, rice, sorghum) with reduced fertilizer dependency Improved legume performance (soybean, chickpea, lentil) complementing nitrogen-fixing rhizobia Enhanced tuber and root crop yields (potato, cassava, carrots) with superior nutrient uptake and stress tolerance Horticultural Applications Nursery production of high-quality transplants with accelerated growth and disease resistance Fruit crop establishment (citrus, mango, avocado, berry crops) with improved root development Ornamental plant production with superior vigor and stress resilience Vegetable production (tomato, pepper, cucumber) supporting both conventional and organic systems Environmental Remediation Phytoremediation of heavy metal-contaminated soils through enhanced metal uptake capacity and soil enzyme activity Restoration of degraded mining sites and contaminated agricultural lands Coal mining site revegetation and ecosystem recovery Support for pioneer plant species establishment in marginal and disturbed environments Sustainable Agriculture Intensification Reduction of synthetic fertilizer inputs by 25–50% while maintaining or improving yields Support for organic farming systems seeking certified biological inputs Climate-smart agriculture through enhanced carbon sequestration and drought resilience Integrated pest management via natural disease suppression mechanisms Specialized Applications Micropropagated plant hardening and acclimatization protocols Hydroponic and soilless cultivation systems for high-value crops Biofortification programs improving micronutrient density in staple food crops Effects of Rhizophagus intraradices on Crops Research has documented comprehensive beneficial effects across diverse crop species: Nutrient Uptake and Growth Promotion Phosphorus uptake: 50–130% increase in plant-available phosphorus, enabling 25–50% reduction in phosphate fertilizer Nitrogen acquisition: Enhanced nitrogen uptake through both direct root absorption and fungal-mediated pathways Micronutrient availability: Improved zinc, copper, iron, and manganese bioavailability particularly important in calcareous and alkaline soils Biomass accumulation: Increased shoot and root dry matter by 15–40% depending on soil fertility and environmental conditions Root System Development Enhanced lateral root initiation and root hair density Increased root diameter and improved soil penetration capability Expanded root surface area (up to 100-fold expansion through hyphal networks) Modified root architecture supporting improved nutrient and water acquisition Yield and Productivity Grain yield: 10–35% yield increases in cereals (maize, wheat, rice) particularly under limiting nutrient or water availability Legume productivity: 20–30% increases in soybean, chickpea yields with complementary rhizobial inoculation Tuber production: 14.5% yield increases in cassava in phosphorus-deficient soils Horticultural crops: 25–35% increases in fruit number and mass in pepper, tomato, strawberry Stress Tolerance Enhancement Drought resilience: Maintained photosynthetic efficiency and leaf water potential under moderate to severe drought; 20–25% greater biomass than non-inoculated plants under water stress Salt tolerance: Enhanced ion selectivity and osmolyte accumulation mitigating salinity stress effects Heavy metal mitigation: Enhanced phytoextraction and phytostabilization of cadmium, lead, and arsenic; reduced toxic ion accumulation in shoots Cold and temperature stress: Improved cellular cryoprotectant accumulation and membrane integrity maintenance Disease and Pest Suppression Root-knot nematode biocontrol: Reduced Meloidogyne graminicola populations and symptoms in rice through enhanced plant defense activation Soil-borne pathogen suppression: Reduced incidence of Fusarium, Rhizoctonia, and other fungal root pathogens through competitive exclusion and defense enhancement Pest susceptibility reduction: Western corn rootworm larvae show reduced fitness on R. intraradices-colonized maize, facilitating biological pest control Soil Quality and Long-term Sustainability Soil aggregation: Enhanced water-stable aggregate formation improving soil structure and workability Organic matter stabilization: Glomalin accumulation supports 10–20-year soil organic matter persistence Microbial community enhancement: Increased beneficial soil microbial diversity and activity Carbon sequestration: Contribution to global carbon cycle with approximately 13 Gt CO₂e annually sequestered Crop-Specific Effects Rice: 35–50% increase in grain yield with improved phosphorus and nitrogen uptake; enhanced disease resistance to bacterial leaf blight (Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae) Maize: 20–35% yield increase with enhanced water use efficiency; reduced Western corn rootworm damage through modified rhizosphere chemistry Soybean: 15–30% yield improvement with complementary rhizobial associations; enhanced phosphorus uptake in continuous cropping systems Wheat: Significant phosphorus uptake enhancement and improved grain quality parameters Citrus/Lemon: Enhanced lateral root formation and phosphate transporter gene expression; improved water uptake capacity Tomato: 25–35% increase in fruit yield and quality; improved water stress tolerance during critical fruit development stages Saffron: 25% increase in total chlorophyll content; enhanced daughter corm production and stigma development Finger Millet: 29% increase in phosphorus and chlorophyll under drought stress; 7% growth improvement under severe water limitation Sustainability Advantage Related Products Glomus mosseae Serendipita indica More Products Resources Read all