< Animal Health Feed Pro Feed Pro (Microbial feed additive for calves) enhances greater feed intake of Product Enquiry Benefits Reduces Disease Risk and Strengthens Gut Integrity Lowers the incidence of diarrheal diseases and intestinal infections, while bolstering gut integrity and improving overall health status. Improves Stress Adaptation and Growth Rate Helps animals adapt to stress quickly, increases average daily gain, and shortens the time to market, reducing overall input costs. Enhances Feed Intake and Conversion Efficiency Improves appetite and feed conversion, resulting in better growth and more efficient nutrient use. Supports Digestion and Gut Health Promotes healthy digestion, strengthens gastrointestinal function, and contributes to better calf performance and immune development. Component Amount per kg Bioactive Chromium 65 mg Calcium 240 g Phosphorus 120 g Magnesium 2.11 g Zinc 2.13 g Copper 312 mg Cobalt 45 mg Iron 1000 mg Iodine 160 mg DL-Methionine 2.00 g L-Lysine 4.00 g Protein Hydrolysate 4.00 g Composition Dosage & Application Additional Info Dosage & Application Content coming soon! Additional Info Content coming soon! Related Products Stress Pro Camel Care Pro Cattle Care Max Cattle Care Pro Grass Mask Lactomine Pro Lactomix Mineral Max Pastocare Calf Pro More Products Resources Read all

Indogulf Bioag offers Mykrobak Aerobic, a top-quality environmental solution for efficient waste management. Manufacturer & exporter of advanced products. < Environmental Solutions Mykrobak Aerobic Mykrobak Aerobic is a blend of aerobic and facultative bacteria that degrade organic compounds using oxygen. Non-GMO certified for effective, eco-friendly wastewater treatment. Product Enquiry Download Brochure Benefits Bacterial Control Suppresses harmful bacterial growth, promoting a healthier treatment environment. Efficient Waste Degradation Degrades high COD & BOD for effective wastewater treatment. Foam Reduction Reduces foaming, improving operational stability. Increased Microbial Biomass Rapid increase in MLSS & MLVSS enhances treatment efficiency. Composition Dosage & Application Additional Info FAQ Composition Performance properties PH 6.5 – 7.5 Temperature 5 to 55°C Reactivation Rate More than 99% Concentration Concentrated Shelf Life 2 years Physical properties Appearance Off White Colour Physical State Powdered Form Odour Odourless Moisture Content 6-7% Mesh Size 0.6 mm Packaging 1 kg Aluminum Dosage & Application Dosage Schedule Depend upon the organic load, contaminants and volume of waste water. Contact our technical team to get dosage pattern Area of Application Membrane Bio reactor Activated sludge process Sequencing batch reactor Moving bed bio reactor Extended Aeration system Water bodies Application Matrix Mix Mykrobak 1 kg powder in 20 litre water. Stir well and leave in container for 30 minutes. Directly dose at inlet of tank. Additional Info Bacterial consortium belongs to the following: Hydrocarbon-reducing bacteria Hydrolytic bacteria Hyperthermophilic and thermophilic bacteria Nitrifying and denitrifying bacteria Photosynthetic bacteria & fluorescent bacteria Fermentative bacteria Acetogenic bacteria Odour control bacteria Enzymes belong to the co-enzymes of the following groups: Oxidoreductases Transferases Lyases Advantages of Mykrobak products: Promote the formation of potential and sustainable biomass Reduce contaminants, toxicity, pollutants, and bad odors Initiate biodegradation quickly Effective in reducing COD/BOD in ETP/STP/WTP Help in the fastest commissioning of biological treatment processes in ETP/STP, etc. Boost MLSS production rapidly Reduce ammoniacal nitrogen Improve digester system recovery Increase the efficiency of biogas production Improve tertiary treatment Reduce large quantities of organic compounds Improve the aquatic environment Clarify ponds and lakes water Safe and natural Economically feasible FAQ Content coming soon! Related Products Mykrobak Anaerobic Wastewater Treatment Mykrobak Biotoilet Mykrobak Composting Mykrobak Dairy Mykrobak Drop Mykrobak Fog Mykrobak N&P Booster Mykrobak Nutrients Remover More Products Resources Read all

< Plant Protect Pacify Organic, non-lethal rat repellent designed to drive rats from fields, safe for earthworms, grazing animals, and aquatic life. Product Enquiry Download Brochure Benefits Organic and Safe Made from organic derivatives, it doesn’t harm earthworms, hens, grazing, or aquatic animals. Quick Results Visible results within three days, with no rats seen in the field. Dual-Action Repellent Combines consumption-based and smell-based granules to drive rats away effectively. Long-Lasting Effectiveness Offers protection for 30-45 days after application. Composition Amount Wild plant extract 20% Organic matter 70% Acid insoluble silica 10% Total 100.0% Composition Dosage & Application Key Benefits FAQ Additional Info Additional Info Shelf Life & Packaging Storage: Store in a cool, dry place at room temperature Shelf Life: 24 months from the date of manufacture at room temperature Packaging: 1 kg pouch FAQ Content coming soon! Key Benefits Content coming soon! Dosage & Application Dosage 3 kg per acre 7.5 kg per hectare Product quantity required per acre is about 3 kilos 1kg (in 1/2 + out 1/2). In is to be applied at spoon per burrow and out is to be applied around the field on the bunds (linear application). If burrows are not seen in the field, both (in & out) can be mixed and applied on the bunds. The result of the application will be seen by next three days that no rats will be visible and efficiency will last for 30-45 days minimum. Recommended dosage is for guideline purpose only. More effective application rates may exist depending on specific circumstances. Related Products Trichoderma viride Beauveria bassiana Bloom Up Flyban Insecta Repel Larvicare Mealycare Metarhzium Anisopliae More Products Resources Read all

Bacillus tequilensis is a Gram-positive, endospore-forming bacterium with significant roles in agriculture and biotechnology. It enhances plant growth via phytohormone synthesis, nutrient solubilization, and antimicrobial activity against pathogens. Additionally, it contributes to bioremediation by degrading organic pollutants and produces industrially relevant enzymes. Its resilience to environmental stress underscores its potential for applications in sustainable agriculture, bioprocessing, and environmental remediation. < Microbial Species Bacillus tequilensis Bacillus tequilensis is a Gram-positive, endospore-forming bacterium with significant roles in agriculture and biotechnology. It enhances plant growth via phytohormone synthesis, nutrient solubilization, and antimicrobial… Show More Strength 1 x 10⁸ CFU per gram / 1 x 10⁹ CFU per gram Product Enquiry Download Brochure Benefits Soil Health Improvement Improves soil health by promoting organic matter decomposition and nutrient cycling, contributing to sustainable agriculture practices. Biocontrol Agent Bacillus tequilensis acts as a biocontrol agent, suppressing plant pathogens through the production of antimicrobial compounds. Stress Tolerance Helps plants withstand various environmental stresses, including drought and salinity, by inducing stress tolerance mechanisms. Plant Growth Promotion Enhances plant growth by producing growth-promoting substances such as phytohormones and siderophores, facilitating nutrient uptake. Dosage & Application Additional Info Scientific References Mode of Action FAQ Scientific References Title: The Genus Bacillus: Applications and Biotechnological Potential https://www.intechopen.com/chapters/76175 Relevance: Provides a broad overview of the biotechnological potential of various Bacillus species, including their roles in plant growth promotion, biocontrol, and bioremediation. Offers context for the broader impact of Bacillus in sustainable agriculture and environmental management. Title: Bacillus tequilensis as a broad-spectrum antifungal agent against phytopathogenic fungi https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32358811/ Relevance: This study details the antifungal properties of Bacillus tequilensis, showcasing the effectiveness of this bacterial strain in combating various plant pathogens. This provides a scientific basis for incorporating it into biocontrol products. Title: Draft Genome Sequence of Bacillus tequilensis Strain ZSB20, an Endophytic Diazotroph with Antimicrobial Activity, Isolated from Grape Roots https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5664934 Relevance: Provides genomic evidence for the diazotrophic (nitrogen-fixing) and antimicrobial capabilities of Bacillus tequilensis, validating its role as a beneficial endophyte for promoting plant health. Title: Plant Growth Promoting Potential of Bacillus tequilensis and Bacillus amyloliquefaciens Isolated from Saline Soil https://www.researchgate.net/publication/344037808_Plant_Growth_Promoting_Potential_of_Bacillus_tequilensis_and_Bacillus_amyloliquefaciens_Isolated_from_Saline_Soil Relevance: It shows the isolation of B. tequilensis from saline soil and its ability to promote plant growth under salt stress conditions, this study supports its use in salinity management and improving crop yields in salt-affected areas. Title: Characterization of the Biosurfactant Produced by Bacillus tequilensis and Its Application in Enhanced Oil Recovery. https://www.proquest.com/openview/4f200c3b1fdc247c90d566d7d4a03f7c/1?pq-origsite=gscholar&cbl=18750&diss=y Relevance: This article characterizes the biosurfactant produced by B. tequilensis and explores its application in enhanced oil recovery. It offers insight into the surface-active properties of B. tequilensis, such as reducing surface and interfacial tension. Mode of Action Bacillus tequilensis exhibits a variety of modes of action, primarily centered around antimicrobial activity and the induction of plant resistance . Here's a breakdown of the key mechanisms: 1. Production of Antimicrobial Substances: B. tequilensis can produce various secondary metabolites with antimicrobial properties. These can include: Lipopeptides and biosurfactants: These compounds can disrupt the cell membranes of pathogenic fungi and bacteria, leading to leakage of cellular contents and cell death. Examples include iturins and fengycins. Bacteriocins: These are proteinaceous toxins produced by bacteria to inhibit the growth of similar or closely related bacterial strains. Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs): Certain VOCs produced by B. tequilensis have demonstrated antifungal activity by inhibiting spore formation and germination and altering the cell morphology of pathogens. Enzymes: Production of lytic enzymes like chitinase, protease, and cellulase can degrade the cell walls of fungal pathogens. Other Antibiotic Compounds: Novel antibiotic agents like pyrrolo[1,2-a]pyrazine-1,4-dione,hexahydro, have been isolated from B. tequilensis with activity against multi-drug resistant bacteria. 2. Induction of Plant Resistance (Induced Systemic Resistance - ISR): B. tequilensis can trigger defense mechanisms in plants, making them more resistant to pathogen attacks. This can involve: Activation of the phenylpropanoid pathway: This pathway leads to the synthesis of various defense-related compounds like lignin and phenolic compounds, which strengthen plant cell walls and have antimicrobial properties. Enhancement of defense-related enzyme activities: B. tequilensis can induce the activity of enzymes such as phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL), cinnamate 4-hydroxylase (C4H), 4-coumarate CoA ligase (4CL), polyphenol oxidase (PPO), superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and peroxidase (POD). These enzymes play crucial roles in plant defense responses. Stimulation of plant growth and development: Some strains of B. tequilensis can produce indole-3-acetic acid (IAA), a plant hormone that promotes root growth and overall plant vigor, indirectly contributing to disease resistance. 3. Competition: B. tequilensis can compete with pathogenic microorganisms for essential nutrients and space in the plant rhizosphere or on plant surfaces, limiting pathogen colonization and growth. 4. Biofilm Formation: The ability of Bacillus species to form biofilms on plant roots can create a protective barrier against pathogen invasion and further infection. Additional Info Target pests: Fusarium wilt of tomato, leaf-spot disease of banana plants Recommended Crops: Tomato, banana, rice. Compatibility: Compatible with Bio Pesticides, Bio Fertilizers, and Plant growth hormones but not with chemical fertilizers and chemical pesticides. Shelf Life: Stable within 1 year from the date of manufacturing. Packing: We offer tailor-made packaging as per customers' requirements. Dosage & Application The water-soluble powder formulation of Bacillus tequilensis is engineered for ease of use and maximum efficacy across a wide range of environmental and agricultural applications. Leveraging its robust biosurfactant production, cellulolytic activity, and broad-spectrum biocontrol potential, B. tequilensis is an ideal choice for bioremediation, pest control, organic matter recycling, and sustainable crop management. General Guidelines Preparation: Dissolve the required quantity of B. tequilensis powder in clean, non-chlorinated water. Avoid chlorinated water, as it may reduce bacterial viability and activity. Use a container or tank with adequate mixing to ensure complete dissolution. Activation Time: Allow the solution to rest for 15–30 minutes after mixing. This activates the microbial population and optimizes performance upon application. Application Timing:Apply early in the morning or late in the afternoon to minimize exposure to high temperatures and UV radiation, both of which can diminish bacterial efficacy. Dosage Recommendations 1. Bioremediation of Soil and Water Target: Hydrocarbons, heavy metals, and organic pollutants. Dosage: Dissolve 1–2 kg of powder in 200–400 liters of water per hectare for soil application. For water bodies, use 5–10 g per cubic meter of contaminated water. Application: Spray uniformly over contaminated soil or introduce directly into the polluted water body. B. tequilensis produces biosurfactants that enhance the breakdown and bioavailability of hydrocarbons and other pollutants . Frequency: Reapply every 3–4 weeks until remediation targets are met. 2. Pest and Disease Biocontrol in Agriculture Target: Soil-borne pathogens, fungal diseases, and certain pests. Dosage: Dissolve 500 g of powder in 100 liters of water per hectare. Application: Foliar Spray: Apply evenly over plant foliage to suppress fungal and bacterial pathogens. Soil Drench: Apply directly to the root zone to control soil-borne diseases and enhance root health. Frequency: Reapply every 2–3 weeks or as needed based on disease pressure. B. tequilensis is effective against a broad spectrum of plant pathogens, including Magnaporthe oryzae , Phytophthora nicotianae , Verticillium dahliae , and othes. 3. Nutrient Cycling and Organic Matter Decomposition Target: Soil enrichment, compost acceleration, and nutrient recycling. Dosage: Dissolve 1 kg of powder in 200 liters of water per hectare. Application: Apply as a soil drench or through fertigation systems. B. tequilensis exhibits strong cellulolytic activity, accelerating the breakdown of plant residues and improving soil fertility Frequency: Apply at the start of the growing season and repeat every 4–6 weeks for sustained soil health benefits. 4. Hydrocarbon and Industrial Waste Biodegradation Target: Hydrocarbons and organic waste in soil or industrial effluents. Dosage: Dissolve 1–2 kg of powder in 200–400 liters of water per hectare. Application: Spray over contaminated sites or introduce into waste streams. The biosurfactant-producing capacity of B. tequilensis enhances the emulsification and breakdown of recalcitrant pollutants. Frequency: Reapply every 4 weeks until remediation is complete. 5. Abiotic Stress Alleviation in Crops Target: Salinity and drought stress in sensitive crops. Dosage: 500 g–1 kg per hectare, dissolved in adequate water. Application: Soil drench or seed treatment. B. tequilensis has demonstrated efficacy in improving crop growth, nutrient uptake, and physiological resilience under saline and drought conditions, notably in rice and other cereals . Frequency: Apply at planting and repeat at key crop stages. Best Practices & Additional Notes For maximum biocontrol efficacy , consider integrating B. tequilensis with compatible carriers (e.g., biochar) or in consortia with other Bacillus species to enhance disease suppression and soil health 10 . Thermal and pH Stability: B. tequilensis metabolites remain active under a range of temperatures and acidic conditions, making it suitable for diverse environments. Environmental Safety: B. tequilensis is non-toxic to plants, animals, and humans when used as directed, supporting sustainable and eco-friendly management practices. Summary: Bacillus tequilensis is a versatile, science-backed microbial solution for bioremediation, crop protection, soil fertility, and stress mitigation. Its robust biosurfactant and enzyme production, broad-spectrum pathogen suppression, and adaptability to challenging environments make it a valuable tool for modern agriculture and environmental management. For technical support or custom application protocols, please contact us . FAQ What is Bacillus tequilensis ? Bacillus tequilensis is a species of bacteria belonging to the genus Bacillus . It's known for its diverse metabolic capabilities and its potential applications in various fields, particularly in agriculture as a biocontrol agent. What are the main modes of action of Bacillus tequilensis ? The primary modes of action include: Production of Antimicrobial Substances: Synthesizing compounds like lipopeptides, bacteriocins, volatile organic compounds (VOCs), and lytic enzymes that directly inhibit or kill pathogens. Induction of Plant Resistance (ISR): Triggering the plant's own defense mechanisms to become more resistant to diseases. Competition: Outcompeting pathogenic microorganisms for nutrients and space. Biofilm Formation: Creating a protective barrier on plant roots against pathogen invasion. How does Bacillus tequilensis produce antimicrobial substances? B. tequilensis can produce a range of compounds, including: Lipopeptides and biosurfactants: Disrupting pathogen cell membranes. Bacteriocins: Inhibiting the growth of other bacteria. Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs): Exhibiting antifungal activity. Lytic Enzymes (e.g., chitinase, protease): Degrading pathogen cell walls. * Other Antibiotics: Novel compounds with antimicrobial properties. How does Bacillus tequilensis induce plant resistance? It triggers the plant's defense system through mechanisms such as: Activation of the phenylpropanoid pathway: Leading to the production of defense-related compounds. Enhancement of defense-related enzyme activities: Boosting enzymes involved in plant immunity. * Stimulation of plant growth and development: Indirectly contributing to resistance through improved plant health. Can Bacillus tequilensis help plants grow? Yes, some strains can produce indole-3-acetic acid (IAA), a plant hormone that promotes root growth and overall plant vigor. This can indirectly enhance the plant's ability to withstand stress, including pathogen attacks. What makes Bacillus tequilensis a good candidate for biocontrol? Its multiple modes of action, including direct antimicrobial activity and the ability to induce plant resistance, make it effective against a range of plant pathogens. Additionally, Bacillus species are generally known for their ability to colonize the rhizosphere and their relative safety. Is Bacillus tequilensis safe for the environment? When used as a biocontrol agent, Bacillus tequilensis is generally considered environmentally friendly as it offers a more sustainable alternative to synthetic pesticides. However, specific formulations and application methods should always be evaluated for their environmental impact. Where can Bacillus tequilensis be found? Bacillus species are widely distributed in nature and can be found in soil, water, and associated with plants. Bacillus tequilensis was initially isolated from a tequila fermentation process, hence its name. Are there different strains of Bacillus tequilensis with varying modes of action? Yes, different strains within the Bacillus tequilensis species can exhibit variations in their metabolic capabilities and the specific antimicrobial compounds they produce, as well as their effectiveness in inducing plant resistance. How is Bacillus tequilensis applied in agriculture? It can be applied through various methods, including seed treatments, soil drenching, and foliar sprays, depending on the target pathogen and the crop. Related Products Ampelomyces quisqualis Bacillus subtilis Chaetomium cupreum Fusarium proliferatum Lactobacillus plantarum Pediococcus pentosaceus Pseudomonas spp. Trichoderma harzianum More Products Resources Read all

Lactic Cultures use Lactic Acid Bacteria (LAB) to preserve freshness post-harvest by producing antimicrobial compounds that inhibit harmful microorganisms. < Microbial Species Lactic Cultures Lactic Cultures use Lactic Acid Bacteria (LAB) to preserve freshness post-harvest by producing antimicrobial compounds that inhibit harmful microorganisms. Strength 1 x 10⁸ CFU per gram / 1 x 10⁹ CFU per gram Product Enquiry Download Brochure Benefits Pathogen Reduction Prevents growth of postharvest pathogenic fungi, enhancing product safety. Environmental Friendliness Offers a sustainable alternative to chemical treatments, supporting agricultural sustainability practices. Antimicrobial Activity Lactic Acid Bacteria (LAB) produce antimicrobial compounds that inhibit spoilage microorganisms, extending product shelf life. Bio-Preservation Reduces reliance on chemical preservatives, promoting environmental sustainability. Dosage & Application Additional Info Scientific References Mode of Action FAQ Scientific References Content coming soon! Mode of Action Content coming soon! Additional Info Recommended Crops: Cereals, millets, pulses, oilseeds, fibre crops, sugar crops, forage crops, plantation crops, vegetables, fruits, spices, flowers, medicinal crops, aromatic crops, orchards, and ornamentals Compatibility: Compatible with Bio Pesticides, Bio Fertilizers, and Plant growth hormones but not with chemical fertilizers and chemical pesticides. Shelf Life: Stable within 1 year from the date of manufacturing. Packing: We offer tailor-made packaging as per customers' requirements. Dosage & Application Contact us for more details FAQ Content coming soon! Related Products More Products Resources Read all

< Crop Kits Bacterial Blight Bacterial Blight (Xanthomonas oryzae) causes water-soaked lesions with yellow halos on leaves, requiring resistant varieties and bactericides. Product Enquiry Download Brochure Benefits Composition Dosage & Application Additional Info Dosage & Application Additional Info Related Products Aminomax SP Annomax BioProtek Biocupe Neem Plus Seed Protek Silicomax Dates Pro More Products Resources Read all

Bacillus megaterium is a Gram-positive, endospore-forming rhizobacterium recognized for its high-efficiency solubilization of inorganic phosphate compounds. By producing organic acids and phosphatases, it enhances phosphorus bioavailability, promoting early crop establishment, accelerated phenological development, and improved root system architecture. In addition to nutrient mobilization, B. megaterium contributes to soil health by enhancing microbial diversity, facilitating organic matter decomposition, and improving soil structure. It also exhibits antagonistic activity against phytopathogens, supporting natural pest suppression and reducing reliance on chemical pesticides. Compatible with biofertilizers and biopesticides, B. megaterium integrates seamlessly into organic and integrated farming systems, contributing to increased nutrient-use efficiency, enhanced crop resilience, and sustainable yield improvement while enriching soil microbiome. < Microbial Species Bacillus megaterium Bacillus megaterium enhances phosphorus solubility by converting insoluble phosphate compounds into bioavailable forms, thereby increasing nutrient accessibility for plant uptake. This accelerates crop development , promotes deepe… Show More Strength 1 x 10⁸ CFU per gram / 1 x 10⁹ CFU per gram Product Enquiry Download Brochure Benefits Accelerates Plant Growth Enhances the growth rate of plants, leading to earlier maturity and increased yield. Improves Soil Quality Enhances soil fertility and structure, promoting healthier root growth and nutrient uptake. Protects Against Pests and Diseases Helps in preventing various pests and diseases that can affect plant health. Environmentally Friendly Supports sustainable agriculture practices by reducing reliance on chemical inputs and improving overall soil health. Dosage & Application Additional Info Scientific References Mode of Action FAQ Scientific References Scientific References Effect of Bacillus megaterium var. phosphaticum and L-Alpha Proline on Iron Content in Soil and Wheat Plants Demonstrates enhanced nutrient uptake and synergistic effect with nitrogen fertilization in wheat crops. Płaza et al., 2021 – Agronomy Using Bacillus megaterium as a Bio-fertilizer to Reduce P Fertilizer and Improve Cauliflower Yield Under Salt Stress Shows B. megaterium can reduce chemical fertilizer demand by up to 25% while improving crop resilience and nutrient absorption. Shalaby, 2023 – Journal of Plant Nutrition Development of a Biologically Based Fertilizer Incorporating Bacillus megaterium A6 Combining B. megaterium with synthetic P fertilizer enhanced both soil phosphorus levels and oilseed rape yield. Hu et al., 2013 – Canadian Journal of Microbiology The Application of Bacillus megaterium Alters Soil Microbial Community and Improves Nutrient Availability in Cucumber Demonstrates compatibility with reduced doses of chemical fertilizers and enhancement of soil health and yield. Zhao et al., 2021 – Agriculture, Ecosystems & Environment Isolation, Characterization and Production of Biofertilizer from Bacillus megaterium Confirms phosphate solubilization and long-term viability of B. megaterium as a microbial inoculant in nutrient-rich formulations. Patel et al., 2016 – International Journal of Life-Sciences Scientific Research Sugar Beet and Barley Yields in Relation to Bacillus megaterium var. phosphaticum Inoculation Field trials show yield benefits from B. megaterium use, comparable to synthetic fertilizers. Çakmakçı et al., 1999 – Journal of Plant Nutrition and Soil Science Mode of Action Mode of Action: Bacillus megaterium in Agriculture 1. Phosphate Solubilization Bacillus megaterium produces organic acids and enzymes like acid phosphatase and phytase that break down insoluble phosphorus compounds (e.g., tricalcium phosphate) into forms plants can readily absorb. This boosts phosphorus availability in the root zone and enhances overall nutrient efficiency. 📌 Supported by: Hu et al., 2013 , Patel et al., 2016 2. Nitrogen Use Efficiency and Hormone Production B. megaterium synthesizes plant growth hormones like indole-3-acetic acid (IAA), which promotes root elongation and branching , leading to greater water and nutrient uptake. It also enhances nitrogen use efficiency when used alongside mineral N fertilizers, improving crop productivity even with reduced fertilizer doses. 📌 Supported by: Płaza et al., 2021 3. Soil Microbiome Stimulation Inoculating soil with B. megaterium enriches the microbial community structure and increases the bioavailability of phosphorus, potassium, and micronutrients . This creates a healthier rhizosphere and improves plant-microbe interactions essential for sustainable crop growth. 📌 Supported by: Zhao et al., 2021 4. Enhanced Crop Yield and Stress Tolerance Field trials across crops like wheat, maize, onion, and cauliflower have shown that B. megaterium application improves plant vigor, chlorophyll content, and enzyme activity (e.g., phosphatase), leading to higher biomass, grain filling, and overall yield , even under suboptimal conditions like salinity or low fertility. 📌 Supported by: Shalaby, 2023 , Abdul-Hussein & Hassan, 2023 5. Sustainability and Fertilizer Reduction Through its nutrient solubilization and growth-promoting traits, B. megaterium enables partial replacement or reduction of chemical fertilizers . This supports low-input, sustainable agriculture and improves soil health without compromising yield. 📌 Supported by: Çakmakçı et al., 1999 Additional Info Compatibility Bacillus megaterium can be compatible with a wide range of agricultural inputs and have shown synergistic benefits when used alongside mineral fertilizers . Compatible with : Bio-pesticides, bio-fertilizers , and plant growth regulators Mineral and chemical fertilizers — Bacillus megaterium improves phosphorus solubilization and nutrient uptake when co-applied with NPK fertilizers. Studies show this combination enhances plant growth and reduces fertilizer requirements (Płaza et al., 2021), (Hu et al., 2013) , (Zhao et al., 2021) . Not recommended with : Synthetic chemical pesticides that may harm microbial viability (unless compatibility has been confirmed in formulation trials) Dosage & Application Application Methods for Bacillus megaterium in Agriculture To maximize the bioefficacy of Bacillus megaterium in agricultural systems, the following application strategies are recommended across key crop growth stages: 1. Seed Coating / Seed Treatment For enhanced early-stage vigor and phosphorus mobilization: Coat 1 kg of seeds with a slurry made by mixing 10 g of Bacillus megaterium and 10 g of crude sugar in sufficient water to create a uniform layer. Allow the coated seeds to air-dry in shade before sowing or broadcasting. This method enhances germination rates , promotes early root colonization , and initiates early phosphorus uptake , critical for crop establishment. 2. Seedling Root Dip Treatment Ideal for nursery-raised transplants (vegetables, rice, fruit crops): Prepare a suspension with 100 g of Bacillus megaterium in 10–15 L of clean water (per 1,000 seedlings). Dip seedling roots for 15–30 minutes before transplantation. This promotes rhizosphere colonization , improves root system architecture , and confers early protection against soil-borne pathogens . 3. Soil Application For pre-sowing or basal incorporation: Mix 3–5 kg/acre of Bacillus megaterium with 50–100 kg of well-decomposed organic manure or compost . Apply uniformly over the field and incorporate into the top 10–15 cm of soil. This improves soil microbial activity , increases available phosphorus (Olsen-P) , and enhances overall soil fertility and structure. 4. Fertigation / Irrigation Application To maintain microbial populations during crop growth: Dilute 3 kg/acre of Bacillus megaterium in 200–300 L of irrigation water. Apply through drip irrigation, furrow irrigation, or fertigation systems , preferably in the early morning or late afternoon. Ensures uniform microbial distribution , maintains rhizospheric colonization , and supports ongoing nutrient solubilization and mineralization throughout the crop cycle. Best Practices for Application Efficiency: Avoid application alongside chemical fungicides or bactericides within 5–7 days to prevent microbial inhibition. Ensure soil moisture is adequate post-application for optimal bacterial survival and activity. Can be co-applied with other biofertilizers such as Azotobacter , PSB , or mycorrhizae These application techniques ensure the biological performance and ecological integration of Bacillus megaterium in diverse farming systems. The result is enhanced crop performance , improved phosphorus-use efficiency , and long-term soil health , aligning with the goals of sustainable, regenerative agriculture . FAQ What is Bacillus megaterium , and why is it used in agriculture? Bacillus megaterium is a naturally occurring, beneficial soil bacterium known for its ability to solubilize phosphorus , produce plant hormones , and promote root development . It enhances nutrient uptake and improves crop vigor, making it a valuable input in sustainable agriculture. Read more . How does this biofertilizer improve plant growth? It acts through several mechanisms: Solubilizing insoluble phosphorus into forms that plants can absorb Producing indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) , a natural auxin that promotes root elongation Enhancing soil microbial diversity and nutrient cycling Increasing availability of micronutrients such as iron and zinc Is Bacillus megaterium compatible with chemical fertilizers? Yes. Scientific studies confirm its compatibility with nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizers. In fact, co-application often leads to higher fertilizer use efficiency and improved crop yield , even when chemical inputs are reduced. Source: Hu et al., 2013 Can it reduce the need for chemical fertilizers? Yes. Field studies show that using B. megaterium with 50–75% of the standard fertilizer dose can achieve yields comparable to or better than full chemical fertilization, especially in phosphorus-deficient soils. Which crops can benefit from this product? It is suitable for a wide range of crops, including: Cereals & grains (wheat, maize, rice) Vegetables & fruits (onion, tomato, cauliflower, strawberry) Oilseeds & legumes (soybean, sunflower, beans) Orchards & plantation crops (banana, coconut, sugarcane) How is the product applied? It can be applied via: Seed treatment before sowing Soil drenching during planting or growth stages Fertigation systems in combination with irrigation Root zone application during transplanting Specific dosage and method should follow the product label or agronomist recommendation. What are the storage and shelf-life guidelines? Store in a cool, dry place , away from direct sunlight. When stored as directed, the product maintains efficacy for up to 12 months from the date of manufacture. Is it safe for humans, animals, and the environment? Yes. Bacillus megaterium is non-toxic, non-pathogenic , and environmentally safe . It is not classified as a hazardous microorganism and poses no risk to human health when used as directed. Can this product be used in organic farming? Yes, provided the formulation adheres to local organic certification standards. The bacterial strain and carrier materials are typically acceptable in organic and regenerative agriculture systems . Does it work in all soil types and climates? Yes, though results may vary depending on soil fertility, pH, moisture levels, and crop type . It is effective across a wide range of soils, including sandy, loamy, and saline-prone soils, and has been successfully tested in temperate and tropical climates. Related Products Aspergillus awamori Bacillus firmus Bacillus polymyxa Pseudomonas putida Pseudomonas striata More Products Resources Read all

Citrobacter braakii is a facultative anaerobic bacterium known for its metabolic versatility and potential in environmental and industrial applications. It is effective in bioremediation processes, particularly in removing heavy metals like chromium and cadmium through biosorption and bioaccumulation. This bacterium also contributes to nutrient cycling in soils by breaking down organic matter and releasing bioavailable forms of nutrients. Its ability to tolerate diverse environmental conditions makes it a candidate for wastewater treatment and soil remediation, supporting sustainable environmental management practices. < Microbial Species Citrobacter braakii Citrobacter braakii is a facultative anaerobic bacterium known for its metabolic versatility and potential in environmental and industrial applications. It is effective in bioremediation processes,… Show More Strength 1 x 10⁹ CFU per gram / 1 x 10¹⁰ CFU per gram Product Enquiry Download Brochure Benefits Heavy Metal Reduction Capable of accumulating and reducing toxic heavy metals like chromium, aiding in pollution control. Water Purification Contributes to the removal of pollutants from wastewater, improving water quality in treatment systems. Bioremediation of Industrial Waste Breaks down industrial contaminants, supporting environmental cleanup efforts. Nitrogen Fixation Helps in nitrogen cycling by fixing atmospheric nitrogen, improving soil health and promoting plant growth. Dosage & Application Additional Info Scientific References Mode of Action FAQ Scientific References Content coming soon! Mode of Action Content coming soon! Additional Info Contact us for more details Dosage & Application Contact us for more details FAQ Content coming soon! Related Products Saccharomyces cerevisiae Bacillus polymyxa Thiobacillus novellus Thiobacillus thiooxidans Alcaligenes denitrificans Bacillus licheniformis Bacillus macerans Citrobacter freundii More Products Resources Read all

Top-quality Neem Oil from Indogulf BioAg: 100% pure, organic, and effective for plant protection. Certified and trusted by farmers for healthy crops. < Plant Protect Neem Oil Natural pesticide from Neem seeds (Azadirachta indica) that targets pests while being safe for birds, mammals, and beneficial insects. Product Enquiry Download Brochure Benefits Supports Earthworms Unlike conventional pesticides, Neem Oil supports earthworm populations, vital for soil health. Safe for Beneficial Insects Does not harm pollinators like bees and butterflies, or other beneficial insects such as ladybugs. Effective Throughout Insect Lifecycle Kills insects at various stages (adult, larval, egg) through feeding prevention, growth disruption, and suffocation. Completely Organic & Biodegradable Derived from the neem tree, it breaks down quickly and is environmentally friendly. Composition It is extracted from the seeds of Neem (Azadirachta indica), a tropical tree native to the Indian subcontinent. Composition Dosage & Application Key Benefits FAQ Additional Info Additional Info Product Form : Natural oil extract from neem tree seeds Color : Yellow to brown liquid with characteristic garlic/sulfur odor Storage : Cool, dark, dry location; store in sealed, opaque containers Safety : Non-toxic to mammals when used as directed; minimal skin irritation risk if handled properly Organic Certification : OMRI approved and compliant with organic farming standards globally Related Products Complementary Pest Management Solutions: Neem Powder : Soil amendment from neem seed residue; provides nutrient content + slow-release neem compounds Trichoderma Harzianum : Biological fungicide; can be used 1 week after neem oil applications Bacillus Amyloliquefaciens : Bacterial biocontrol; compatible with neem in integrated programs Nano-Copper : Fungicidal; use neem oil for pest control, nano-copper for fungal disease management Pseudomonas Fluorescens : Biocontrol agent; supports integrated pest management FAQ How Does Neem Oil Work? Neem oil functions through multiple complementary mechanisms that distinguish it from conventional neurotoxic pesticides. Rather than causing instant paralysis and death like synthetic insecticides, neem oil works intelligently through multifaceted biological disruption: Primary Active Ingredient: Azadirachtin Azadirachtin is a complex limonoid tetraterpenoid compound (molecular formula C₃₅H₄₄O₁₆) that comprises approximately 0.3-0.5% of neem oil content and accounts for 90% of neem oil's pesticidal effects. Unlike single-site target pesticides, azadirachtin operates through multiple simultaneous mechanisms: 1. Endocrine Disruption (Hormonal System Interference) Azadirachtin mimics ecdysteroids (insect molting hormones), specifically disrupting the ecdysone signaling pathway Interferes with the enzyme ecdysone 20-monooxygenase, which catalyzes the final conversion of ecdysone to the active hormone 20-hydroxyecdysone This hormonal disruption prevents normal metamorphosis—insects cannot molt properly Results in incomplete molting, deformities, and eventual death within the insect life cycle Prevents insects from successfully developing from larvae to adults 2. Antifeedant Action (Feeding Inhibition) Azadirachtin impacts chemoreceptors in the insect's gustatory (taste) system Treated insects immediately cease feeding after contact or ingestion They perceive treated plants as unpalatable or toxic and stop consuming foliage This dual effect reduces both immediate damage and prevents nutrient uptake necessary for reproduction Secondary metabolite compounds in neem oil (salannin, nimbin, thionemon) provide additional antifeedant properties 3. Reproductive Inhibition (Sterilization & Anti-Oviposition) Reduces fertility and fecundity in surviving insects Female insects are deterred from laying eggs on treated plants through anti-oviposition effects Prevents population establishment and breaks insect breeding cycles Surviving insects produce 30-50% fewer viable eggs 4. Contact-Based Mechanisms (Oil Suffocation) The oil component (clarified hydrophobic neem oil, which is the residue after azadirachtin extraction) provides secondary pesticidal action: Clogging spiracles (breathing pores) on insect bodies Disrupting waxy protective coatings on exoskeletons Causing desiccation (dehydration) in soft-bodied insects This mechanism is less important for azadirachtin-rich formulations but becomes primary in clarified hydrophobic neem oil products 5. Mitochondrial and Enzymatic Disruption (Emerging Research) Recent studies indicate azadirachtin may: Impair mitochondrial ATP (energy) production Interfere with digestive enzyme systems Disrupt protein synthesis pathways Induce oxidative stress and cellular dysfunction Secondary Active Compounds (Additional 10% of Efficacy) Beyond azadirachtin, neem oil contains 100+ bioactive compounds including: Salannin : Acts as antifeedant and growth disruptor Nimbin & Nimbidin : Possess antimicrobial and antifeedant properties Thionemon & Meliantriol : Contribute repellent and pesticidal activity These compounds act synergistically with azadirachtin for broad-spectrum efficacy Why Multiple Mechanisms Matter: Unlike single-site pesticides (DMI fungicides, organophosphates) to which pests can develop resistance through single genetic mutations, neem's multi-target mechanism makes resistance development virtually impossible even after 40+ generations of exposure. Research shows that after 40 generations of selection pressure, insects developed only ninefold greater resistance to azadirachtin, compared to much higher resistance factors (100-1000x) for single-site synthetic pesticides. Speed of Action: Neem oil is not an instant-kill pesticide: Initial feeding cessation: 0-12 hours Visible mortality: 3-7 days depending on insect species and developmental stage Complete population control: 2-4 weeks of regular applications This slow-acting profile reduces harm to beneficial predators and parasitoids that might feed on treated pests, as slower death rates allow more natural predator-prey interactions to continue How Do I Use Neem Oil on My Plants? Proper application of neem oil is critical for effectiveness and safety. Here's comprehensive guidance: Preparation & Mixing: Standard Dilution (for most pest control): Mix 1-2 tablespoons of neem oil per gallon of warm water For smaller applications: 1 teaspoon neem oil per liter of water This creates approximately 0.6% neem oil concentration For Severe Infestations or Fungicide Use: Mix 1.3% neem oil concentration Use 2-3 tablespoons per gallon for heavy pest pressure Emulsification (Critical Step): Add 1-2 teaspoons of liquid dish detergent or emulsifier to the mixture Neem oil is hydrophobic (water-repellent); emulsifiers allow even distribution Stir vigorously for 2-3 minutes until mixture appears milky and uniform Continue agitation throughout application to prevent separation Do NOT use the mixture if a uniform emulsion doesn't form pH Adjustment: Ideal spray pH: 5.5-7.0 Adjust with small amounts of vinegar (to lower pH) or baking soda solution (to raise pH) Optimal pH enhances azadirachtin stability and efficacy Application Methods: Foliar Spray (Most Common): Prepare mixture as described above immediately before use Transfer to sprayer with adequate pressure (hand pump or pressure sprayer recommended) Spray during early morning (before 9 AM) or late evening (after 5 PM) Ensure complete, thorough coverage of plant surfaces—both leaf tops and undersides Spray until foliage drips slightly but not to runoff Use high-volume sprayer to ensure even distribution Repeat application every 7-10 days for ongoing pest control Why Timing Matters: Early morning/evening temperatures are cooler, reducing phytotoxicity risk Bees and beneficial insects are less active during these hours Cooler conditions reduce neem oil photodegradation Evening applications allow overnight adhesion to leaf surfaces Soil Drench Application (for Soil-Borne Pests): Apply diluted neem oil mixture directly to soil around plant base Use 2.5 liters per acre for soil-borne disease and pest suppression Concentrations: 0.6% for general use; 1.3% for severe infestation Allows neem compounds to reach root zone where soil pests (fungal pathogens, nematodes) concentrate Special Situation Applications: For Lawns: Apply 5 pints of neem oil per acre diluted in water Use ground-based sprayers to ensure even distribution Reapply every 7-10 days for continuous pest control Storage & Tank Preparation: Use neem oil immediately after mixing with water Do not allow tank mixture to sit for extended periods (begins to separate) If mixture sits more than 1-2 hours, agitate thoroughly before use Use warm (not hot) water for better emulsification Always mix with agitation to prevent separation Frequency & Scheduling: Standard Schedule: Repeat applications at 7-10 day intervals Continue through pest pressure season Most pest control requires 2-3 applications for visible results Increased Frequency Under High Pressure: Use higher rates and increase frequency during severe infestations More frequent applications may be needed in warm, humid climates Reduce frequency in cool seasons when pest activity is lower Pre-Harvest Intervals: Can be applied up to and including day of harvest (minimum residue characteristics) No withholding period typically required for certified organic crops Verify local regulations for export markets Post-Spray Considerations: Rain within 4 hours of application: reapply once dry Allow 1-2 days before harvesting for edible crops Residues breakdown to negligible levels within 24-48 hours on leaf surfaces Degradation half-life: 1-2.5 days on leaves; 3-44 days in soil What Plants Should You Not Use Neem Oil On? Certain plants are sensitive to neem oil and may be damaged if treated. Understanding these sensitivities is crucial for safe application: Highly Sensitive Plants (Avoid Neem Oil Use): Orchids Extremely sensitive to neem oil formulations Can cause severe damage to leaves and flowers May lead to infection of damaged tissues Affects overall growth and aesthetic value Sweet Peas Delicate flowers and leaves highly susceptible to damage Causes discoloration and leaf burn Stunts growth if applied Azaleas & Rhododendrons Sensitive to oily formulations Leaves can develop burn marks and discoloration May cause reduced flowering Ferns Delicate, fine foliage cannot tolerate oily sprays Tiny leaves become clogged with oil residue Leads to suffocation and decline Palms Fronds are sensitive to oil-based sprays Oil clogging can damage delicate structure May cause wilting and browning Succulents Leaves naturally waxy; additional oil coating disrupts water balance Causes rot and tissue damage May lead to plant death Impatiens Delicate flowers and stems susceptible to phytotoxic damage Hibiscus (Some cultivars) Certain sensitive varieties show damage; test small area first Bleeding Heart Delicate foliage sensitive to oil-based treatments Sensitive Plant Families: Solanaceae Family (Tomatoes, Peppers, Eggplants) Moderate sensitivity, especially at high concentrations Risk of leaf burn and stunted growth Use reduced concentrations (0.3-0.5%) if necessary Apply in cool conditions to minimize phytotoxicity Composite Family (Some Ornamentals) Variable sensitivity; test on small area first Dahlia and cosmos show moderate sensitivity Factors Contributing to Plant Sensitivity: Plant Age & Health Young, newly transplanted plants: Highly susceptible Stressed, wilted, or drought-stressed plants: Use caution or avoid Older, established plants: Generally more tolerant Environmental Conditions Hot weather (>85°F/29°C): Increases phytotoxicity risk High humidity: Can trap moisture leading to fungal infection on damaged tissue Low humidity: Oil doesn't spread evenly; may cause spotting Application Factors Excessive concentration (>2%): Significantly increases damage risk Too-frequent applications: Cumulative damage possible Application during high temperatures: Severe burn risk Applying to wet foliage: Increases damage potential Plant Stage Flowering stage: Avoid—both phytotoxicity risk and benefit to beneficial pollinators New growth: More sensitive than mature foliage Blooming period: Defer applications to non-blooming periods when possible Safe Application Practices to Minimize Damage: Pre-Application Testing (Always Recommended): Select small, inconspicuous plant area (10-20 leaves) Apply standard neem dilution (0.6%) Wait 24-48 hours Observe for burn marks, discoloration, wilting If no damage appears, proceed with full plant treatment If damage appears, either: Use reduced concentration (0.3%) Avoid product entirely Switch to different pest control method Application Timing for Sensitive Plants: Never spray during high heat (above 85°F/29°C) Always apply in early morning or late evening Avoid application when plants are stressed (wilted, drought-stressed, recently transplanted) Wait 1 week after transplanting before any neem oil use Do not apply to new seedlings or cuttings Concentration Adjustments for Sensitive Plants: Use 0.3% concentration (0.5-1 tablespoon per gallon) instead of standard 0.6% For very sensitive plants, use clarified hydrophobic neem oil (less azadirachtin, more oil) Never use maximum 1.3% concentration on sensitive species When to Avoid Neem Oil Entirely: During plant blooming periods (protects beneficial pollinators) On plants already showing pest or disease stress During extreme weather (intense heat, cold, high winds) On newly planted or transplanted plants (wait 1 week) On flowers in reproductive stage What Bugs Does Neem Oil Get Rid Of? Neem oil provides broad-spectrum control over more than 400 pest species across multiple insect families. Here's a detailed breakdown: Chewing Insects (Caterpillars, Beetles, Grasshoppers): Fall Armyworm (Spodoptera frugiperda) : Effective larvicide; highest mortality in early larval stages. 2ml neem oil + wetting agent achieves highest mortality within 24 hours Cabbage Worms & Imported Cabbage Worm : Direct control; reduces leaf damage by 85%+ Corn Borers : Prevents egg-laying and larval development Japanese Beetles : Antifeedant effect; beetles cease feeding within hours Colorado Potato Beetles : Prevents molting and reproduction; reduces egg viability by 40-60% Grasshoppers & Crickets : Anti-feeding action prevents crop damage Sawfly Larvae : Disrupts development; prevents adult emergence Sucking Insects (Aphids, Scales, Whiteflies, Mealybugs): Aphids (Myzus persicae, Aphis gossypii, Lipaphis erysimi) : 60-80% population reduction; combines feeding inhibition with reproduction suppression. Doubling neem application rate results in 50% reduction in aphids reaching treated leaf tissue Whiteflies (Bemisia tabaci) : 91-95% reduction in mobile stages; prevents egg-laying. Residual activity maintains control for 3+ weeks Mealybugs : Severe disruption of reproduction; direct contact causes mortality Scale Insects : Affects crawlers (mobile juvenile stage); less effective on settled adults Leafhoppers (Jassid, Empoasca spp.) : 84-90% control in optimal conditions; prevents virus transmission Psyllids : Controls all life stages; prevents psyllid-borne plant disease spread Spider Mites (Tetranychus urticae) : 89.37% reduction of egg stage in cool conditions; 36.3% in warm season Brown Planthopper (BPH) : Reduces feeding and reproduction; lowers population spread Lepidopteran Pests (Butterflies & Moths): Tomato Hornworms (Manduca spp.) : Prevents molting; larvae fail to reach mature damaging stage Cabbage Loopers : Feeding inhibition and developmental disruption Diamondback Moth : Larvae cannot complete development; egg hatchability reduced Codling Moth (apple, pear): Anti-oviposition effect deters egg-laying; prevents larval infestation of fruit Thrips: Thrips tabaci & Frankliniella spp. : 94.51% effectiveness in cool conditions; reduces flower/fruit damage by 90%+ Prevents discoloration and scarring on produce Field & Stored Product Pests: Larger Grain Borer (Prostephanus truncatus) : Controls both adults and larvae in stored maize Rice Weevil (Sitophilus oryzae) : Prevents reproduction; maintains grain quality Maize Weevil : Reduces storage pest population significantly Tribolium castaneum : Impairs development on stored grains Nematodes (Microscopic Root Pests): Root-knot nematodes (Meloidogyne incognita) : Reduces egg-laying and reproduction Parasitic plant nematodes : Antifeedant action disrupts feeding on plant roots Effectiveness: 50-70% reduction in nematode populations with soil application Disease Vectors: Mosquito Larvae : Larvicidal efficacy; prevents adult emergence Insects transmitting plant viruses : Reduces population and feeding rates, decreasing virus transmission Pests LESS EFFECTIVELY Controlled: Japanese Beetle Adults (though affected, beetles are highly motile and reinvade) Scale Insect Adults (settled individuals on stems); much more effective against mobile crawlers Insect Eggs (generally low effectiveness; <30% mortality): Eggs have protective shell layers; better pre-oviposition prevention Soil-dwelling pests (less contact when in soil): Use soil drench for better efficacy Efficacy Summary by Application: Pest Group Efficacy Life Stage Most Affected Sucking insects (aphids, whiteflies) 80-95% Nymphs & mobile stages Caterpillars & lepidopterans 75-90% Larvae Mites 85-95% Mobile stages; eggs less affected Thrips 80-90% Adults & larvae Beetles 70-85% Larvae; adults vary Scale insects 60-80% Crawlers (mobile nymphs) Eggs 20-40% Low effectiveness overall Key Point on Efficacy: Neem oil is most effective on soft-bodied, mobile insects with visible life stages. Application timing to coincide with vulnerable developmental stages (young larvae, pre-molt nymphs, ovipositing females) significantly enhances effectiveness. What Pests Does Neem Oil Control on Plants? Neem oil provides multifaceted pest management across multiple categories: Agricultural Crop Pests: Rice & Cereals: Brown planthopper, stem borers, leaf folders: Reduces feeding and reproduction Application: 1-2% spray; repeat every 7-10 days during pest season Cotton: Bollworms, leaf worms, spotted bollworm: Prevents larval development Field efficacy: 70-85% damage reduction Reduces insecticide requirement from 8-10 applications to 2-3 Vegetables (Tomatoes, Peppers, Eggplants, Cucurbits): Fruit borers, leaf miners, whiteflies, aphids: Multi-mode control Field trials: Reduced sprayings 77% compared to conventional pesticide programs Maintained or improved yield despite lower spray frequency Pulses (Beans, Peas, Lentils): Pod borers, aphids, sucking pests: Prevents pod damage Improves grain filling and yield Leaf damage reduction: 85-90% Oilseeds (Mustard, Sunflower): Mustard aphids: 60-80% population reduction Sunflower downy mildew vector reduction Pre-planting seed treatment prevents germinating seedling damage Horticulture/Specialty Crops: Fruits: Mango : Leaf hoppers, scales, fruit flies Citrus : Scale insects, leafminers, rust mites Apple/Pear : Codling moth, sawflies, spider mites Grapes : Mites, leaf hoppers, berry moths Ornamentals & Flowering Plants (If Not Sensitive): Roses (not damaged): Spider mites, aphids, thrips Geraniums: Whiteflies, mealybugs Hydrangeas: Scales, spider mites Chrysanthemums: Leaf miners, aphids, spider mites Houseplants & Indoor Plants: Orchid scale (use clarified hydrophobic neem oil only) Spider mites on ficus, dracaena Mealybugs on succulents (if plant tolerates oils) Garden & Landscape Pests: Turf & Lawn Pests: Sod webworm larvae Chinch bugs Billbugs Application rate: 5 pints per acre; water in after application Greenhouse Pests (Universal Crops): Whiteflies: 95%+ control with regular 3-4 day spray intervals Thrips: 90%+ control on cut flowers Spider mites: 85%+ control on potted plants Storage & Postharvest: Stored grain pests: Tribolium castaneum, Sitophilus oryzae Grain protectant: Prevents insect reproduction Safe for human consumption; leaves negligible residues Combined Pest Control Advantages: Unlike single-target insecticides, neem oil simultaneously: Controls target pest populations Prevents pest reproduction (no new generation) Reduces feeding damage during treatment period Maintains compatibility with beneficial insects when applied properly (timing critical) Integrates with Integrated Pest Management (IPM) strategies Application Frequency for Different Crop Categories: Crop Type Spray Interval Concentration Expected Control High-value crops (berries, horticulture) 7 days 0.6-1.0% 80-95% Field crops 10-14 days 0.6% 70-85% Severe infestations 3-5 days 1.0-1.3% 75-90% Preventive (pre-pest arrival) 10-14 days 0.6% 60-75% prevention What is the Active Ingredient in Neem Oil for Plants? The primary active ingredient in neem oil is azadirachtin , a complex natural compound that accounts for 90% of neem oil's pesticidal effects. Azadirachtin Chemical Structure: Chemical Name : 1,3,3a,4,5,6,6a,7,8,8a-Decahydro-3,6,9-trimethyl-12H-8,11b-methanocccino[4,3-c,d]indol-12-one Molecular Formula : C₃₅H₄₄O₁₆ Molecular Weight : 720 g/mol Melting Point : 160°C Classification : Limonoid tetranortriterpenoid (complex plant alkaloid) Structure Characteristics : Multiple oxygen bridges, ester groups, epoxyfuran ring, lipophilic (fat-soluble) Concentration in Neem Seed: Azadirachtin content: 0.3-0.5% of raw neem seed kernels Neem oil extraction process concentrates azadirachtin Pure azadirachtin products contain extracted and stabilized azadirachtin (much higher concentration than crude neem oil) Commercial formulations vary: 0.5% to 3% azadirachtin depending on extraction and concentration methods Secondary Active Constituents (Additional 10% of Efficacy): Neem oil contains 100+ bioactive compounds; major ones include: Salannin (0.1-0.8%): Antifeedant; growth regulator Nimbin (0.2-1.2%): Antimicrobial; pesticidal Nimbidin (0.3-0.6%): Antifungal; antimicrobial Thionemon : Repellent; pesticidal activity Meliantriol : Antifeedant properties Fatty Acids (hexadeconic 52.2%; oleic acid 15.7%): Contact toxicity; oil-based suffocation Triterpenes : Various pesticidal limonoids These secondary compounds work synergistically with azadirachtin, each contributing unique antifeedant, growth-disrupting, and direct toxicological properties. Why Multiple Active Ingredients Matter: Neem oil's complexity is its strength. Unlike synthetic pesticides with single active ingredients (imidacloprid, pyrethrin, spinosad), the presence of multiple active compounds means: Resistance Prevention : Insects cannot develop resistance through simple genetic mutations targeting one compound Broader Efficacy : Multiple mechanisms (hormone disruption, feeding inhibition, reproduction interference) ensure multiple pest groups are affected Synergistic Action : Compounds work together; combined effect >sum of individual effects Azadirachtin vs. Clarified Hydrophobic Neem Oil: Many commercial neem oil products are clarified hydrophobic neem oil—the residue remaining after azadirachtin extraction: Product Type Azadirachtin Content Primary Mechanism Best For Pure Neem Oil 0.3-0.5% Multi-target hormone/feeding disruption Broad-spectrum pest control Enriched/Concentrated Neem Oil 1-3% Faster-acting multi-target Severe infestations; quicker results Clarified Hydrophobic Neem Oil <0.05% Contact/suffocation oil-based Direct contact; softer pests Azadirachtin Extract 5-95% Ultra-concentrated hormone disruption Research; specialized applications Stability & Degradation of Active Ingredient: Azadirachtin is sensitive to environmental factors: Photodegradation : Exposed to sunlight, half-life is 1-2.5 days Soil degradation : Soil microbes break down azadirachtin; half-life 3-44 days depending on soil type Water degradation : Aquatic half-life 48 minutes to 4 days Heat/pH sensitivity : High temperatures (>30°C) and extreme pH accelerate degradation Commercial formulation : Modern nano-emulsion formulations stabilize azadirachtin, extending shelf life from 6 months to 1-2 years This rapid degradation is actually beneficial—it ensures minimal environmental persistence while providing sufficient contact period with target pests. What Are the Potential Side Effects of Using Neem Oil on Plants? While neem oil is generally safer than synthetic pesticides, improper use can cause several adverse effects: Phytotoxic Effects (Plant Damage): Leaf Burn & Discoloration Cause: High concentration (>1.3%), application during high temperatures (>85°F/29°C), or on sensitive plants Symptoms: Brown or yellow spotting on leaves, tissue death, leaf curling Prevention: Use recommended 0.6% concentration; apply in cool morning/evening; test on small area first Recovery: Minor burns typically heal within 2 weeks; severe damage may be permanent Reduced Growth & Development Cause: Repeated high-concentration applications; application during stress (drought, transplant) Symptoms: Stunted growth, reduced leaf area, slower development Research finding: Gerbera plants treated with 4x recommended concentration showed 15-20% reduction in vegetative dry mass and delayed flowering Floral Damage Cause: Application during blooming period or to developing flower buds Symptoms: Flower distortion, reduced petal quality, altered bloom timing Orchids specifically: Severe flower damage if neem oil applied Prevention: Cease applications 2-3 weeks before expected blooming; avoid spraying open flowers Photosynthesis Reduction Research: Neem oil application temporarily reduces stomatal conductance and photosynthetic rate by 10-20% Effect duration: Usually recovers within 3-5 days Practical impact: Minimal if applications follow 7-10 day interval pattern Impact on Beneficial Insects: Non-Target Organism Mortality Azadirachtin affects many insect species beyond target pests, including beneficial insects: Ladybugs : 34% higher larval mortality; 80% mortality of zig-zag ladybug eggs; 87% of pupae die when sprayed Bees : Reduced foraging; altered development if larvae exposed to contaminated nectar/pollen Green Lacewings : Larval mortality rates up to 100% when eating neem-treated aphids Parasitic Wasps : Reduced reproductive success; abnormal development Hoverflies : Larval mortality when consuming neem-treated prey Mechanism of Non-Target Effects : While often described as "safe for beneficial insects," azadirachtin does affect them through: Indirect consumption (eating contaminated prey/pollen) Direct spray contact if applied during active foraging Reduced prey quality (treated pests have altered nutritional profile) Mitigation Strategies : Apply early morning or late evening (reduces bee exposure) Do NOT apply to flowering plants (eliminates pollen/nectar contamination) Maintain 7-10 day spray interval (allows beneficial populations to recover between applications) Use lower concentrations (0.6% vs. 1.3%) to reduce non-target impact Skin & Eye Irritation (In Humans): Cause: Prolonged contact or improper handling Symptoms: Mild irritation, redness, temporary discomfort Severity: Generally mild; less irritating than synthetic pesticides Prevention: Wear gloves, avoid touching face during application; wash hands after use Safety profile: Neem oil is non-toxic when ingested in normal agricultural use Soil Impact: Microbial Disruption (Temporary) Azadirachtin may temporarily suppress certain soil microbes Effect duration: 3-44 days (azadirachtin half-life in soil) Recovery: Soil microbial communities resume normal function as azadirachtin degrades Practical: Regular soil applications (1-2x per season) cause negligible long-term disruption Nematode Population Changes Research shows copper nanoparticle-coated neem formulations have minimal soil fauna toxicity Earthworm mortality: 0% (in optimized formulations) vs. 50% for conventional copper fungicides Long-term: Well-designed neem formulations support soil health Environmental Persistence: Unlike persistent organic pesticides: Neem oil biodegrades rapidly (1-2.5 days on leaves) Azadirachtin half-life in water: <4 days No bioaccumulation in food chains Minimal runoff/groundwater contamination risk if applied properly Concentration & Application-Related Side Effects: Problem Concentration/Condition Solution Leaf burn >1.3% concentration or >85°F Use 0.6%; apply cool times Flower damage Applied during bloom Cease sprays 2-3 weeks before flowering Beneficial insect harm Direct spray on flowers/active foraging Apply early morning/evening; avoid flowers Reduced growth Excessive frequency (>2x/week) Limit to 7-10 day intervals Phytotoxicity on sensitive plants Any concentration on orchids, ferns Avoid use; test small area first Comparative Safety: Neem Oil vs. Synthetic Pesticides Aspect Neem Oil Synthetic Insecticides Plant toxicity Low (proper use); manageable Moderate to high Beneficial insect harm Significant (indirect consumption) Very high (direct contact) Human toxicity Minimal Moderate to high Environmental persistence Low (biodegrades 1-2.5 days) High (weeks to years) Soil accumulation None Significant over time Resistance development None documented Rapid (5-10 years typical) Minimizing Side Effects: Dilute properly (0.6% for standard use; 1.3% maximum) Apply timing (early morning/late evening) Avoid sensitive plants (orchids, ferns, azaleas, sweet peas) Don't spray stressed plants (wilted, drought-stressed, newly transplanted) Maintain temperature (avoid application >85°F) Test before use (apply small area; wait 24 hours) Avoid flowering plants (protects both plant quality and beneficial insects) Use moderate frequency (7-10 day intervals; not more frequently) What Is the Shelf Life of Neem Oil for Plants? Neem oil shelf life depends on formulation, storage conditions, and product type: Standard Shelf Life (Properly Stored): Well-formulated neem oil products : 1-2 years under proper conditions Crude/unformulated neem oil : 6-12 months Nano-emulsion formulations : 1-2 years (improved stability over traditional emulsions) Pure azadirachtin extracts : 2+ years (more stable than crude oil) Factors Affecting Shelf Life: Azadirachtin Degradation (Primary Factor): Azadirachtin is sensitive to multiple environmental stressors: Light Exposure UV light photodegrades azadirachtin Half-life in sunlight: 1-2.5 days Dark storage: Dramatically extends shelf life Solution: Store in opaque, light-blocking containers Temperature Optimal storage: Below 70°F (21°C), ideally 50-65°F (10-18°C) Room temperature (70-75°F): 1-2 year shelf life High temperature (>80°F): Accelerates degradation; shelf life reduced to 6-12 months Heat also increases oxidation (rancidification) of oil component pH Changes Extreme pH (highly acidic or alkaline) accelerates breakdown Optimal pH: 6.0-6.5 (neutral to slightly acidic) pH drift over storage: Major cause of formulation degradation Humidity & Moisture Moisture intrusion causes emulsion breakdown Can lead to water-oil phase separation Storage location: Cool, dry area; avoid humid environments Oxidation (Rancidification) Oil component oxidizes over time, especially in warm, humid, or bright conditions Produces disagreeable odor and discoloration Indicates chemical integrity compromise Storage Conditions for Maximum Shelf Life: Optimal Storage: Temperature : 50-65°F (10-18°C); maximum 70°F (21°C) Light : Complete darkness; store in opaque containers Humidity : Dry location (<60% relative humidity) Container : Tightly sealed original container; keep lid closed Location : Cool cupboard, closet, or climate-controlled shed (not unheated garage or hot attic) Avoid : Direct sunlight, heat sources, freezing temperatures Shelf Life Under Different Conditions: Storage Condition Shelf Life Notes Cool, dark, sealed 1-2 years Optimal conditions Room temperature, dark 12-18 months Still acceptable Room temperature, indirect light 8-12 months Suboptimal Warm location (>80°F) 6-8 months Reduced stability Exposed to direct sunlight 2-4 months Rapid degradation Fluctuating temperature 6-12 months Less predictable Opened frequently/long term 6-9 months Air exposure oxidizes oil How to Check If Neem Oil Has Expired: Physical Indicators of Degradation: Separation/Settling Emulsion breaks down; oil and water separate Caking or crystallization visible Normal (slight separation): Shake before use; may still be effective Severe separation: Product likely degraded; discard Color Change Fresh neem oil: Yellow to brown Degraded: Darker brown, reddish, or greenish tints Discoloration indicates oxidation or chemical breakdown Odor Changes Fresh: Garlic/sulfur smell characteristic of neem Degraded: Rancid, bitter, or musty odor Foul smell indicates oxidation; avoid use Texture/Viscosity Thickening, clumping, or loss of fluidity Indicates chemical or emulsion breakdown Effectiveness Loss Product older than stated shelf life showing poor pest control Previous batches worked well; new batch ineffective Suggests azadirachtin degradation Pre-Use Testing: Small test spray on non-critical plant area If control inadequate compared to fresh product: Product may be degraded Note: Efficacy naturally slower than synthetic pesticides; 2-3 applications needed for visible results Extending Shelf Life: Proper Storage Transfer to smaller containers as product is used (reduces air exposure) Use vacuum-sealed or airtight containers Store upright in dark, cool location Formulation Improvements Nano-emulsion formulations: More stable; 1-2 year shelf life UV-protective additives: Some commercial products include light-blocking agents Antioxidant stabilizers: Modern products include these; check label Protective Measures Don't leave product in hot vehicles or direct sun Avoid temperature fluctuations Once opened, use relatively promptly (oxidation accelerates with air exposure) Reseal tightly after each use Practical Recommendations: Purchase only quantity needed for current growing season Buy from reliable sources that maintain proper storage conditions Check manufacture date when purchasing; buy newest available Store immediately upon arrival in cool, dark location Replace annually if not used; fresh product more effective Use within labeled shelf life for guaranteed efficacy and safety Nano-formulated products preferred if shelf life is concern (2-year stability) Dosage & Application Standard Foliar Application: Mix at a concentration of 0.6% - 1.3% (1-2 tablespoons per gallon of warm water, with 1-2 teaspoons of dish detergent as emulsifier). Spray during early morning or late evening for optimal coverage and safety. Repeat applications every 7-10 days or as pest pressure requires. Soil Application: Apply 2.5 liters per acre for soil-borne pest and disease management. Application Precautions: Always test on small area first; wait 24 hours before full application Do not apply during extreme heat (>85°F) or to stressed plants Avoid spraying flowering plants to protect beneficial insects Do not mix with chemical pesticides Shake vigorously before each use to maintain emulsion Key Benefits Neem Oil is a natural pesticide and fungicide extracted from the seeds of the Neem tree (Azadirachta indica), a tropical tree native to the Indian subcontinent. For thousands of years, neem has been used in traditional medicine and agriculture. Today, it serves as one of the most effective, environmentally responsible alternatives to synthetic chemical pesticides. The key benefit is that it targets over 400 pest species while remaining safe for beneficial insects when used properly, making it ideal for organic gardening and sustainable agriculture. Key Composition: It is extracted from the seeds of Neem (Azadirachta indica), a tropical tree native to the Indian subcontinent. Dosage & Application NEEM OIL can be mixed with water and used in spray pumps to coat the aerial parts of plants that come under attack from pests. Since oil and water don’t mix, NEEM OIL comes in a ready-to-use formulation that you can directly mix with water and apply to your plants. Using neem oil pesticides once a week helps eliminate pests and prevents fungal problems. This oil-based spray fully covers the leaves, especially where pests or fungal diseases are most prevalent. Please prepare your neem spray by mixing water and NEEM OIL (Water Soluble) according to your needs as directed in the table below. Spray the NEEM OIL mixed solution on all leaves, especially the undersides where insects like to hide. When spraying for the first time, drench the soil around the roots as well. It won’t harm; in fact, NEEM OIL is beneficial for your soil. Neem spray as a preventative measure: Spray once a fortnight using a 0.5% concentrated solution. This should prevent any insect problems in the first place. Neem spray to combat an existing infestation: Spray once a week using a 0.5% concentrated solution until the problem is resolved, then switch to a 0.5% solution every fortnight. Recommended dosage is for guideline purpose only. More effective application rates may exist depending on specific circumstances. Related Products Trichoderma viride Beauveria bassiana Bloom Up Flyban Insecta Repel Larvicare Mealycare Metarhzium Anisopliae More Products Resources Read all

< Animal Health Layerpro Layer Pro are specially targeted probiotics / direct fed microbial for layers. The increase of productivity in the poultry industry has been accompanied by various impacts including emergence of a large variety of pathogens and bacterial resistance partly due to the indiscriminate use of chemotherapeutic agents as a result of management practices in rearing cycle. Layer Pro is formulated to prevent bacterial outbreaks, improve immunity and boost eggs production in layers. It contains oligosaccharides fortified with NMB complex. Product Enquiry Benefits Prevents Bacterial Diseases and Relieves Stress Helps protect against common bacterial infections and reduces the impact of stress on overall performance. Boosts Immunity and Antibody Response Enhances immune function and improves antibody titers, supporting stronger disease resistance. Enhances Nutrient Absorption and Feed Efficiency Improves digestion and nutrient uptake, resulting in better feed conversion and overall health. Increases Egg Production and Productivity Supports reproductive performance and contributes to higher egg yield in layers. Component Each 100g Contains L. acidophillus 18 × 10¹¹ CFU L. casei 18 × 10¹¹ CFU Bifidum 18 × 10¹¹ CFU Entrococus faecium 18 × 10¹¹ CFU L. salivarius 18 × 10¹¹ CFU L. reutri 18 × 10¹¹ CFU L. lactis 18 × 10¹¹ CFU L. fermentum 18 × 10¹¹ CFU S. cremoris 18 × 10¹¹ CFU L. bulgaricus 18 × 10¹¹ CFU N.M.B Complex: 10 g, Acetic Acid: 200 mg, Citric Acid: 200 mg, Maltic Acid: 200 mg, Carrier: Lactose up to 150 g Carrier Lactose up to 150 g Composition Dosage & Application Additional Info Dosage & Application Content coming soon! Additional Info Content coming soon! Related Products Psolbi Bioprol Tcare Sanifresh Respotract Heptomax Bromax Ginex Breatheeze Glide Pro Viral Guard More Products Resources Read all