Indogulf BioAg is a Manufacturer & Global Exporter of Sulphur Solubilizing, Acidithiobacillus Thioxidans, Thiobacillus Novellus & other Bacterias. Contact us @ +1 437 774 3831 What Why How FAQ What it is Sulfur solubilizing bacteria (SSB) are a specialized group of microorganisms that have the ability to convert insoluble forms of sulfur into soluble forms that plants can readily absorb. These bacteria play a critical role in the sulfur cycle, enhancing the availability of this essential nutrient in the soil. Why is it important Sulfur is a vital nutrient for plant growth, involved in the formation of amino acids, vitamins, and enzymes. Despite its importance, sulfur is often present in forms that plants cannot directly utilize. Sulfur solubilizing bacteria help bridge this gap by transforming these insoluble forms into plant-available sulfate (SO4^2-). The significance of sulfur solubilizing bacteria includes: Improved Nutrient Availability: By converting insoluble sulfur compounds into soluble forms, these bacteria ensure that plants have adequate access to sulfur, promoting healthier growth and development. Enhanced Soil Health: Sulfur solubilizing bacteria contribute to overall soil fertility, creating a more balanced and nutrient-rich environment for plants. Sustainable Farming Practices: Utilizing SSB can reduce the dependence on chemical sulfur fertilizers, leading to more sustainable and environmentally friendly agricultural practices. How it works Sulfur solubilizing bacteria employ a variety of mechanisms to solubilize sulfur compounds in the soil: Oxidation: Some SSB oxidize elemental sulfur (S) or sulfide minerals (such as pyrite, FeS2) to produce sulfuric acid (H2SO4). This acidification process dissolves sulfur compounds, releasing sulfate ions (SO4^2-) that plants can absorb. Production of Organic Acids: Certain SSB produce organic acids, such as citric acid or oxalic acid, which chelate (bind to) insoluble sulfur compounds, making them more soluble and available for plant uptake. Enzymatic Action: Enzymes produced by SSB can break down complex sulfur-containing organic matter, releasing sulfate ions into the soil. By these processes, sulfur solubilizing bacteria enhance the bioavailability of sulfur in the soil, supporting plant nutrition and growth. FAQ Content coming soon! < Microbial Species Sulphur Solubilizing Bacteria Sulphur Solubilizing Bacteria enhance the availability of sulfur in the soil by converting insoluble sulfur compounds into forms that plants can easily uptake, improving plant nutrition and growth. Product Enquiry Sulphur Solubilizing Bacteria Our Products Explore our range of premium Sulphur Solubilizing Bacteria strains tailored to meet your agricultural needs, enhancing sulfur availability for optimal plant growth. Acidithiobacillus novellus Acidithiobacillus novellus sulfur oxidation in soil, improving nutrient availability for crops, particularly aiding in sulfur deficiency in soils, thereby boosting yield and plant health. View Species Acidithiobacillus thiooxidans Acidithiobacillus thiooxidans is a highly efficient sulfur-oxidizing bacterium that converts elemental sulfur and sulfide minerals into sulfate, enhancing soil nutrient availability and supporting crop growth. Its acidophilic nature allows it to thrive in extreme environments, making it a vital tool for bioremediation efforts, such as treating acid mine drainage and neutralizing soil contamination caused by heavy metals. Additionally, A. thiooxidans is widely used in bioleaching processes to extract valuable metals from low-grade ores, contributing to sustainable industrial and environmental practices. View Species Thiobacillus novellus Thiobacillus novellus, an effective inoculant that oxidizes sulfur, enhancing nutrient availability for plants while supporting bioremediation in contaminated soils. View Species Thiobacillus thiooxidans Acidithiobacillus thiooxidans is a potent sulfur-oxidizing bacterium that enhances soil sulfur availability, drives bioleaching of metals, and contributes to wastewater and sludge treatment, supporting sustainable agriculture and bioremediation. View Species 1 1 ... 1 ... 1 Resources Read all

Indogulf BioAg is a Manufacturer & Global Exporter of Phosphorous solubilising, Bacillus Megaterium, Aspergillus, Pseudomonas & other Bacterias. Contact us @ +1 437 774 3831 < Microbial Species Phosphorous Solubilizing Bacteria Phosphorous Solubilizing Bacteria convert insoluble phosphates into soluble forms that plants can absorb, improving phosphorus availability and promoting stronger root development. Product Enquiry What Why How FAQ What it is Phosphorus solubilizing bacteria (PSB) are a group of beneficial microorganisms that enhance the availability of phosphorus in the soil. Phosphorus is a crucial nutrient for plants, playing a key role in energy transfer, photosynthesis, and nutrient movement within the plant. However, much of the phosphorus in soil exists in insoluble forms that plants cannot absorb. PSB convert these insoluble forms into soluble phosphorus that plants can utilize. Why is it important Phosphorus is essential for plant growth, yet it is often a limiting nutrient in many soils due to its low solubility. The importance of phosphorus solubilizing bacteria includes: Enhanced Nutrient Availability : PSB increase the availability of phosphorus, promoting healthier and more robust plant growth. Improved Soil Fertility : By converting insoluble phosphorus compounds into forms accessible to plants, PSB contribute to overall soil fertility and ecosystem health. Sustainable Agriculture : Utilizing PSB can r educe the dependence on chemical phosphorus fertilizers , leading to more environmentally friendly and sustainable farming practices. How it works Phosphorus solubilizing bacteria employ several mechanisms to convert insoluble phosphorus into soluble forms: Organic Acid Production : PSB secrete organic acids such as citric acid, gluconic acid, and oxalic acid. These acids lower the pH around the bacteria, dissolving insoluble phosphate compounds and releasing soluble phosphorus ions that plants can absorb. Enzymatic Activity : Some PSB produce enzymes like phosphatases that break down organic phosphorus compounds into inorganic forms, making phosphorus available to plants. Ion Exchange Reactions : PSB can exchange ions in the soil , such as hydrogen ions (H+), with phosphate ions (PO4^3-), effectively mobilizing phosphorus from soil particles into the soil solution. By employing these mechanisms, phosphorus solubilizing bacteria play a vital role in enhancing phosphorus availability in the soil, supporting plant nutrition, and contributing to sustainable agricultural practices. FAQ What are examples of phosphate-solubilizing bacteria? Phosphate-solubilizing bacteria (PSB) represent a diverse group of microorganisms distributed across multiple bacterial genera. The most commonly isolated and commercially utilized PSB include: Primary PSB Genera Bacillus Species: Bacillus megaterium – One of the most efficient and widely used PSB, known for high phosphate solubilization rates and production of organic acids and phosphatase enzymes Bacillus firmus – Enhances phosphorus availability and promotes root growth Bacillus polymyxa – Combines phosphate solubilization with nitrogen fixation capability Bacillus subtilis – Effective phosphate solubilizer with biofilm formation ability Bacillus licheniformis – Produces multiple organic acids for phosphate dissolution Pseudomonas Species: Pseudomonas fluorescens – Widely researched PGPR producing gluconic acid and multiple plant growth-promoting compounds; increases crop yields in various crops Pseudomonas putida – Produces indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) promoting root architecture and contains 195.42 mg/mL soluble phosphorus production capacity Pseudomonas striata – Improves soil health and plant drought tolerance Pseudomonas aeruginosa – Enhanced plant growth parameters under various fertilization levels Various Pseudomonas isolates (PsT-04c, PsT-94s, PsT-116, PsT-124, PsT-130) – Isolated from tomato rhizosphere with solubilization indices (SI) ≥2 Other Important PSB Genera Arthrobacter Species: Arthrobacter sp. PSB-5 – Shows excellent tricalcium phosphate solubilization performance Arthrobacter sp. NF 528 – Dual nitrogen-fixing and phosphate-solubilizing capabilities Burkholderia Species: Burkholderia cepacia – Reported for long-term yield-increasing effects and efficient phosphate solubilization Additional PSB Genera: Azotobacter species – Combines nitrogen fixation with phosphate solubilization Serratia species – Effective inorganic phosphate solubilizers Micrococcus species – Phosphate-solubilizing capability in soil environments Azospirillum species – Plant growth-promoting with phosphate effects Fungal PSB While bacteria are more commonly used, fungi also possess significant phosphate-solubilizing capability: Aspergillus niger – Efficient organic and inorganic phosphate solubilizer Penicillium notatum – Increases dry matter, yield, protein, oil content and phosphorus levels Bacillus mucilaginosus – Shows strong phosphorus dissociation ability and biofilm formation Quantifiable Performance Research shows specific PSB examples with measured performance: Pseudomonas sp. PSB-2: Released 195.42 mg/mL soluble phosphorus, significantly enhanced plant fresh weight (+47%), plant dry weight, and plant height in Chinese cabbage trials Bacillus megaterium: Increased solubilization index with 29-fold increase in attached microbial biomass phosphorus Pseudomonas fluorescens: Exhibited 73.22 mg/mL soluble phosphorus production Combined Bacillus megaterium and Azotobacter chroococcum : Achieved 10-20% yield increase in wheat How to make phosphate-solubilizing bacteria? Production of phosphate-solubilizing bacteria involves several methods, ranging from laboratory isolation to industrial-scale fermentation for commercial biofertilizer production. Step 1: Isolation of PSB from Soil Sample Collection: Collect soil samples (10g) from healthy plant rhizospheres Choose agricultural areas with diverse vegetation Collect multiple samples for strain diversity Selective Media Preparation: Prepare phosphate-selective media (PSM) containing: Nutrient broth (50 mL) + Sterile distilled water (90 mL) Insoluble phosphate sources: AlPO₄, FePO₄, or tricalcium phosphate (TCP) pH adjustment to 7.0-7.2 Enrichment Culture Process: Add 10g soil to 140 mL phosphate-selective media Incubate at 130 rpm orbital shaker at 30°C for 7 days This selective enrichment favors phosphate-solubilizing microorganisms Step 2: Serial Dilution and Plating Dilution Series: Prepare serial dilutions from 10⁻¹ to 10⁻⁸ of the enriched culture Dilutions separate individual colonies for isolation Plating Methods: Surface Seeding: Spread 1 mL of dilution on plate count agar (PCA) medium Deep Seeding: Place 1 mL at bottom of Petri dish Media composition (PCA): Tryptone 5 g/L, yeast extract 2.5 g/L, glucose 1 g/L, agar 12 g/L Incubate at 30°C for 24 hours Step 3: Selection and Identification of PSB Halo Zone Formation: Phosphate-solubilizing colonies produce clear halo zones on Pikovskaya's medium (PVK) Halo formation indicates active phosphate solubilization Incubate plates 5-7 days at 28-32°C to observe clear zones Solubilization Index (SI) Calculation: SI = (Colony Diameter + Halo Zone Diameter) / Colony Diameter SI ≥ 2.0 indicates good solubilizers Measure after 7, 14, and 21 days of incubation Select isolates with highest SI values Alternative Screening Media: NBRIP Medium (National Botanical Research Institute's Phosphate): Glucose 10 g/L Tricalcium phosphate 5 g/L MgCl₂·6H₂O 5 g/L MgSO₄·7H₂O 0.25 g/L KCl 0.2 g/L (NH₄)₂SO₄ 0.1 g/L Morphological and Biochemical Identification: Gram staining (Gram-positive or negative) Endospore staining KOH test for genus-level identification Compare with Bergey's manual of systematic bacteriology Step 4: Purification Successive Subculturing: Subculture isolated colonies multiple times until homogeneous culture obtained All colonies become identical after 3-5 successive subcultures Achieve pure culture status Step 5: Characterization of PSB Phosphate Solubilization Testing: Solid Medium Test: Measure solubilization halo diameter Colony diameter (CD) and halo diameter (HD) measurement after 7, 14, 21 days Calculate solubilization index (SI) = (CD + HD) / CD Liquid Medium Test (Quantitative): Inoculate NBRIP broth with fresh bacterial culture (200 µL, OD 0.8 = 5×10⁸ CFU/mL) 50 mL NBRIP + 0.5% tricalcium phosphate Incubate 28±2°C for 7 days at 180 rpm Centrifuge 10,000 rpm for 10 minutes Measure soluble phosphorus by vanado-molybdate yellow colorimetric method at 430 nm Measure pH at days 3 and 7 (optimal ≤6.0 for solubilization) Organic Acid Production: High-Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) or HPLC/MS analysis Identify specific organic acids (gluconic acid, citric acid, maleic acid) Commonly detected acids: Gluconic acid (most common) Citric acid Malic acid Oxalic acid Step 6: Mass Culture Production Liquid Culture for Biofertilizer: Inoculate selected PSB strain in liquid medium at scale-up volumes Maintain 28±2°C temperature control Aeration: 180 rpm orbital shaking Growth period: 7-14 days Preparation of McFarland Standards: Prepare 0.5 McFarland standard for bacterial cultures Optical density (OD) adjustment to standardize cell concentration Ensures consistent inoculum preparation Formulation of Commercial Biofertilizer: For 300 mL of microbial culture, add 200 mL Pikovskaya's broth Use rock phosphate (RP) instead of TCP for field application stability Alternative carriers include peat, lignite, or biochar Final product contains 10⁸-10⁹ CFU/g Step 7: Quality Control and Storage Viability Testing: Colony-forming unit (CFU) counting before storage Target: >10⁸ CFU/g for effective biofertilizer Plate count agar method for enumeration Storage Conditions: Room temperature storage (25°C): 3-6 months viability Refrigerated storage (4°C): 12-24 months viability Freeze-dried formulations: 2-3 years viability Minimize light exposure Alternative Production Methods Industrial-Scale Fermentation: Use of bioreactors with controlled aeration, temperature, pH Fed-batch or continuous fermentation approaches Typical fermentation volume: 1000-10000 L Production cost optimization: $20-50/kg final product Solid-State Fermentation: Growth on carrier materials (rice husk, sugarcane bagasse, peat) Lower cost than liquid fermentation Suitable for small-scale production What are the examples of phosphorus biofertilizers? Phosphorus biofertilizers are commercial products or formulations containing phosphate-solubilizing microorganisms designed to enhance phosphorus availability in agricultural soils. They represent an environmentally sustainable alternative to synthetic phosphate fertilizers. Commercial Phosphorus Biofertilizer Examples Product Names and Compositions: PSB (Phosphate Solubilizing Biofertilizer) – Contains Bacillus megaterium or Pseudomonas fluorescens Bio-Phosphate – Apatite mineral-based with 30-36% P₂O₅ content, macroporous structure IFFCO PSB – Commercial formulation containing selected PSB strains RootX and BoostX (IndoGulf BioAg products) – Specialized phosphorus-mobilizing microbial consortia Single-Organism Biofertilizers Bacillus-based Biofertilizers: Bacillus megaterium – Promotes early crop establishment, accelerated phenological development Bacillus firmus – Enhances fruit quality, protects against soil-borne diseases Bacillus polymyxa – Aids bioremediation and improves soil health Performance: 10-20% yield increase in cereals Pseudomonas-based Biofertilizers: Pseudomonas fluorescens – Increased yield in sweet potato and other crops Pseudomonas putida – Degrades organic pollutants, improves soil structure Pseudomonas striata – Optimizes soil nutrition for sustained productivity Azotobacter-based Biofertilizers: Azotobacter chroococcum – Better wheat performance, synergistic with PSB Combined effect: Up to 43% yield increase with Bacillus strains Consortia-Based Biofertilizers Multi-organism Formulations: Bacillus megaterium + Azotobacter chroococcum consortium Performance: 10-20% wheat yield increase Benefits: Synergistic phosphorus and nitrogen effects Pseudomonas fluorescens + Mycorrhizal fungi combination Performance: Enhanced phosphorus and nutrient uptake Additional disease suppression benefits Fungal Phosphorus Biofertilizers Aspergillus-based Formulations: Aspergillus niger + Penicillium notatum consortium Effects on peanut: Dry matter increase Yield improvement Protein content increase Oil content increase Nitrogen and phosphorus level enhancement Hybrid Phosphorus Biofertilizers Combined Product Types: Phosphorus + Nitrogen Fixation – PSB combined with nitrogen-fixing bacteria ( Rhizobium , Azospirillum ) Addresses both P and N limitations Reduces requirement for both phosphate and nitrogenous fertilizers by 30-50% Phosphorus + Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi (AMF) Co-inoculation of PSB with AMF increases P conversion efficiency More complete phosphorus mobilization Root colonization 5-14 times higher Phosphorus + Biocontrol Organisms PSB combined with pathogen-suppressing bacteria Simultaneous nutrient improvement and disease reduction Commercial Application Examples Typical Field Applications: Application rate: 0.2-1.5 tons/hectare depending on soil quality Methods: Seed treatment, seedling dip, soil inoculation Compatibility: Biofertilizers compatible with bio-pesticides and other biopesticides Crop-Specific Biofertilizers: Paddy (Rice) – PSB addressing phosphorus deficiency in subtropical rice soils Legumes – PSB with Rhizobium for nitrogen and phosphorus synergy Vegetables – Enhanced growth in tomato, cauliflower, sweet potato Fruit Crops – Improved fruit quality and yield in guava, citrus Cereals – Wheat yield increase 30-43% reported; sugarcane yield promoted Performance Specifications Standard Product Specifications: Colony-forming unit (CFU) count: >10⁸ CFU/g minimum Moisture content: 8-12% for powder formulations Shelf life: 12-24 months under recommended storage (4°C) pH stability: Function optimally at pH 6.5-8.0 Quantified Effectiveness: PSB inoculation yield increase: 10-25% without adverse soil/environmental effects Phosphorus use efficiency: Improved by 175-190% Plant height increase: Up to 15.8% with PSB strains Aboveground biomass: Increase comparable to 100% chemical fertilization with 50% nitrogen reduction What is phosphorus solubilizing biofertilizer? Phosphorus solubilizing biofertilizer is a biological product containing live phosphate-solubilizing microorganisms that enhances the availability and plant uptake of phosphorus from soil reserves and applied phosphate sources. Definition and Concept Phosphorus solubilizing biofertilizer is specifically formulated to contain: Active Microorganisms: Viable cells of phosphate-solubilizing bacteria or fungi (typically >10⁸ CFU/g) Carrier Medium: Inert material (peat, lignite, biochar, rock phosphate) providing substrate and structural support Nutrients and Cofactors: Essential elements supporting microbial activity and phosphorus solubilization Plant Growth-Promoting Traits: Additional benefits beyond phosphate solubilization Core Functions Primary Function - Phosphate Solubilization: Converts insoluble phosphates (tricalcium phosphate, iron phosphate, aluminum phosphate) into bioavailable orthophosphate Mineralizes organic phosphorus compounds into plant-available forms Prevents re-precipitation of released phosphorus Mechanisms of Action: Organic Acid Production: Secretion of organic acids (citric, gluconic, oxalic, maleic acids) pH reduction in soil microenvironment Dissolution of mineral phosphates through acid-mediated solubilization Chelation of cations attached to phosphate Enzyme Production: Production of phosphatase enzymes breaking down organic phosphorus compounds Depolymerization of complex phosphorus-containing molecules Release of phosphate ions into soil solution Ion Exchange Reactions: Hydrogen ion (H⁺) exchange with phosphate ions (PO₄³⁻) Effective mobilization from soil minerals into soil solution Secondary Benefits Beyond Phosphorus Plant Growth Promotion: Production of plant hormones (indole-3-acetic acid/IAA, gibberellins) Enhanced root development and architecture Increased plant biomass and vigor Stress Tolerance: Alleviated drought stress through improved nutrient status Enhanced salinity tolerance Reduced heavy metal toxicity (some strains) Disease Suppression: Production of antimicrobial compounds (antibiotics, hydrogen cyanide) Biocontrol activity against soil-borne pathogens Competitive exclusion of pathogenic microorganisms Soil Health Improvement: Enhancement of microbial diversity in rhizosphere Improved soil structure through biofilm formation Better water retention and infiltration Quantifiable Benefits Phosphorus Availability: Increases available soil phosphorus by 30-50% Mobilizes previously unavailable soil phosphate reserves Reduces requirement for external phosphate fertilizers by 25-50% Crop Performance: Yield increase: 10-25% without adverse environmental effects Plant height: Up to 15.8% increase Leaf area index: Significant increases with PSB application Fruit quality improvement in perennial crops Economic Efficiency: Cost reduction compared to synthetic phosphate fertilizers: 30-50% Reduced environmental costs from nutrient runoff Compatible with organic and conventional farming Application Methods Seed Treatment: Seed coating with PSB biofertilizer PSB population establishment before seedling emergence Typical dose: 5-10 mL per kg of seed Compatible with fungicide seed treatment Seedling Root Dip: Immersion of seedlings in PSB suspension (1:10 solution) Pre-treatment before transplanting Ensures immediate root colonization Particularly effective for vegetable crops Soil Application: Direct incorporation into soil Typical application: 5 kg/hectare of PSB biofertilizer Best timing: 1-2 weeks before crop planting Mix thoroughly for even distribution Composition and Formulation Solid Formulations (Most Common): Carrier: Peat (60-70%), lignite, or biochar PSB cell concentration: >10⁸ CFU/g Moisture: 8-12% Package size: 1 kg to 25 kg bags Liquid Formulations: Suspension: Microbial culture in sterile liquid medium Cell concentration: 10⁹ CFU/mL Stability: 6-12 months refrigerated Application rate: 5-10 liters per hectare High-Concentration Formulations: Freeze-dried products Cell concentration: >10⁹ CFU/g Shelf life: 2-3 years Higher cost but superior viability Storage and Shelf Life Optimal Storage Conditions: Temperature: 4-8°C (refrigerated) for 12-24 months shelf life Room temperature: 25°C viable for 3-6 months Cool, dark, dry location Avoid direct sunlight and high temperature Quality Maintenance: Store in sealed, airtight containers Maintain specified moisture content Verify CFU count every 6 months for quality assurance Discard if viability drops below 10⁷ CFU/g Regulatory and Quality Standards International Standards: Minimum viable count: 10⁸ CFU/g (some standards: 10⁹ CFU/g) Purity: >95% target organism, <5% contaminants Absence of human pathogens Absence of heavy metals above safe limits Performance Guarantees: Phosphate solubilization index (SI) ≥ 2.0 Soluble phosphorus production: >70 mg/mL pH reduction capacity demonstrated Plant growth promotion efficacy validated What is the role in plant growth promotion? Phosphorus solubilizing bacteria promote plant growth through multiple complementary mechanisms that operate both directly on plant physiology and indirectly through soil and rhizosphere modification. Direct Plant Growth Promotion Mechanisms 1. Enhanced Phosphorus Nutrition Mechanism: Solubilization of insoluble soil phosphorus previously unavailable to plant roots Increases bioavailable phosphorus concentration in rhizosphere by 30-50% Makes applied phosphate fertilizers more efficiently available Plant Growth Effects: Phosphorus is critical for energy transfer (ATP/ADP), DNA/RNA synthesis, and cell division Enhanced phosphorus status strengthens overall plant development Particularly critical during early growth stages Quantifiable Impact: Plant height increase: 14.3-15.8% Leaf area index: Significant increase Plant biomass increase: Comparable to 100% chemical fertilization with only 50% nitrogen supply Root biomass increase: 13.5-18.2% 2. Production of Plant Growth-Promoting Hormones Auxin Production (Indole-3-acetic acid/IAA): PSB (particularly Pseudomonas putida , Bacillus species) synthesize IAA IAA promotes cell elongation and root hair development Enhanced root architecture increases soil exploration and nutrient acquisition Root/shoot ratio optimization Gibberellin Production: Some PSB produce gibberellins Promotes cell division and shoot elongation Enhances internodal extension Cytokinin Production: Delays leaf senescence Increases cell division in shoot meristems Extends plant productivity period Quantifiable Hormone Effects: Root elongation in canola, lettuce, tomato: Significant increases reported Enhanced branching and lateral root development 3. Production of Siderophores Mechanism: Siderophores are iron-chelating compounds produced by PSB Complex iron in soil, making it bioavailable to plants Important in high-pH soils where iron precipitation limits availability Plant Effects: Prevention of iron chlorosis Enhanced photosynthetic capacity Improved overall plant vigor Indirect Plant Growth Promotion Through Soil and Rhizosphere Modification 4. Rhizosphere Microbiome Enhancement Mechanism: PSB colonization modifies root exudation patterns Selects for beneficial microbial communities Creates synergistic microbial network in rhizosphere Effects: Increased microbial diversity supporting multiple nutrient transformation functions Enhanced nutrient cycling and bioavailability Biocontrol effects against pathogenic microorganisms 5. Soil Structure Improvement Biofilm Formation: PSB produce extracellular polysaccharides (EPS) Form biofilms on soil particles and root surfaces Stabilize soil aggregates through biological cementing Soil Properties Improved: Better water infiltration and retention Improved aeration for root respiration Enhanced microbial habitat quality 6. Synergistic Effects with Other Microorganisms Co-inoculation with Nitrogen-Fixing Bacteria: PSB + Rhizobium / Azospirillum : Dual nitrogen and phosphorus provision Nitrogen fixation enhanced by improved phosphorus availability Combined effect: Yield increase up to 30-43% Co-inoculation with Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi (AMF): PSB + AMF: Synergistic phosphorus mobilization PSB secrete phosphatase and organic acids in mycorrhizal microenvironment Mycorrhizal hyphal network extends solubilizing capacity 5-14 times Enhanced P transfer to plant roots Co-inoculation with Biocontrol Organisms: Simultaneous nutrient improvement and disease suppression PSB + pathogen-suppressing bacteria reduce disease incidence while improving nutrition More effective than single-organism inoculation Plant Growth Promotion Under Stress Conditions 7. Drought Stress Alleviation Mechanism: Enhanced phosphorus availability improves plant water status Improved root system captures soil moisture more effectively Better osmotic adjustment capacity Quantifiable Effects: Reduced negative impacts of drought stress on growth efficiency Maintained productivity despite water limitation Enhanced water-use efficiency 8. Salinity Stress Tolerance Mechanism: Improved nutrient status compensates for ion toxicity stress Some PSB produce osmoprotectants Enhanced ion transport selectivity 9. Heavy Metal Stress Reduction Mechanism: Some PSB produce chelating compounds (phytosiderophores) Reduce heavy metal bioavailability Produce exopolysaccharides adsorbing heavy metals Quantifiable Plant Growth Promotion Results Crop-Specific Documented Effects: Wheat: Yield increase: 30% with Azotobacter , up to 43% with Bacillus Plant height: 15.8-14.3% increase with selected strains 50% nitrogen fertilizer reduction possible without yield loss Tomato: Plant height significant increase Leaf area index increase Fruit number per plant: 16.32 increase Fruit yield per plant: 1125g Total yield: 392.26 q/ha (quintals per hectare) Cost-benefit ratio: 3.41-3.52 Sugarcane: Yield and yield components promoted Enhanced sugar content Soybean: Drought stress impacts reduced Growth efficiency maintenance Sweet Potato: Yield increase with Pseudomonas fluorescens Rice: Yield sustainability in phosphorus-deficient subtropical soils Phosphorus deficiency symptoms eliminated Legumes (Faba bean, Peanut): Enhanced production Nitrogen fixation improvement Root system optimization Molecular-Level Growth Promotion Gene Expression Changes: Upregulation of phosphate uptake transporters ( PHT genes) Enhanced nitrogen transporter expression Stress-response gene activation ( HSP70 , drought-response proteins) Enzyme Activity Enhancement: Increased phosphatase activity in plant tissues Enhanced nitrogenase activity (when co-inoculated with N-fixers) Improved antioxidant enzyme activity for stress tolerance Effectiveness Factors PSB Effectiveness Depends On: Soil pH (optimal 6.5-8.0) Soil phosphorus form and concentration Soil microbial community composition Plant growth stage and crop type Environmental conditions (temperature, moisture) PSB strain characteristics and viability Performance Enhancement Strategies: Use of multiple PSB strains (consortia) for broader phosphorus availability Co-inoculation with complementary organisms Application at optimal growth stages Combination with organic matter for substrate provision Integration with reduced chemical fertilization Sustainability and Environmental Benefits Sustainability Advantages: 30-50% reduction in phosphate fertilizer requirement Lower environmental pollution from runoff and leaching Reduced eutrophication risk Improved soil health and microbiome diversity Enhanced crop resilience to environmental stress What are the effects in plant growth? Phosphorus solubilizing bacteria produce comprehensive, multifaceted effects on plant growth across physiological, developmental, and yield-related parameters. These effects are observed at both seedling and mature plant stages. Effects on Root Development and Architecture Root Elongation: Magnitude: Significant increase in primary root length (15-30% increase typical) Mechanism: Auxin production by PSB stimulates cell elongation Lateral Root Development: Enhanced branching creating denser root systems Root Hair Density: Increased root hair number and length improving soil contact Root Mass: Increase in root dry weight (13.5-18.2% documented) Root System Architecture Improvement: More efficient soil exploration Better water and nutrient acquisition Increased rhizosphere colonization area Enhanced ability to access immobilized soil nutrients Effects on Shoot Development Plant Height: Magnitude: 14.3-15.8% increase compared to controls Timing: Effects appear within 2-4 weeks of inoculation Consistency: Increases observed across multiple crop types Leaf Development: Leaf Area Index (LAI): Significant increases Leaf Number: More leaves per plant Leaf Size: Individual leaves larger Chlorophyll Content: Higher chlorophyll concentration enabling better photosynthesis Shoot Biomass: Aboveground Dry Weight: Substantial increases (30-50% possible) Shoot-to-Root Ratio: Improved balance between above and belowground growth Effects on Plant Biomass Accumulation Total Plant Biomass: Magnitude: Plant biomass increases achieve levels comparable to 100% chemical fertilization even with 50% nitrogen reduction Growing Period: Biomass accumulation accelerates throughout growing season Consistency: Effects maintained under variable environmental conditions Dry Matter Accumulation: Enhanced daily dry matter production Improved harvest index (economic yield as proportion of total biomass) Greater resource allocation to harvestable organs Effects on Flowering and Reproductive Development Flowering Time: Accelerated phenological development (earlier flowering) Phenological advancement: 5-7 days earlier flowering possible More uniform flowering across plant population Flower Number and Quality: Increased flower production per plant Better-developed flower organs Improved pollen viability Effects on Yield and Yield Components Fruit and Grain Production: Tomato Yield Effects : Fruit number per plant: 16.32 increase Individual fruit weight: 77.75 g improvement Fruit yield per plant: 1125 g Total yield: 392.26 quintals per hectare (q/ha) Cost-benefit ratio: 3.41-3.52 Wheat Yield Effects : Yield increase: 30-43% possible depending on strain Enhanced grain number per head Improved grain weight Successful application with 50% nitrogen fertilizer reduction Sugarcane Yield Effects : Yield component improvement Enhanced sugar content (Brix%) Better juice quality Other Crop Yields : Rice: Yield sustainability in marginal soils Sweet potato: Yield increase Vegetables (cauliflower, pea): 20-30% yield improvement Legumes: Enhanced production Effects on Nutrient Uptake and Concentration Phosphorus Uptake: Magnitude: Plant phosphorus content increases 50-100% above control levels Tissue P Concentration: Higher P concentration in shoots and roots P-Use Efficiency: More phosphorus utilized per unit nutrient provided Plant P Status: Deficiency symptoms eliminated Nitrogen Uptake: Enhanced nitrogen absorption (25-37% increase documented) Better nitrogen utilization when PSB co-inoculated with N-fixers Reduced nitrogen fertilizer requirement by up to 50% Micronutrient Uptake: Enhanced iron, zinc, manganese absorption Prevention of micronutrient deficiency symptoms Nutrient Translocation: Better translocation of mobilized nutrients to growing organs More efficient allocation to reproductive structures Effects on Plant Physiology and Metabolic Processes Photosynthetic Performance: Enhanced photosynthetic rate Improved light use efficiency Higher chlorophyll content enabling better light capture Accelerated CO₂ assimilation Enzyme Activity: Enhanced nitrate reductase activity Increased phosphatase activity in plant tissues Improved antioxidant enzyme systems Hormone Status: Elevated auxin and gibberellin levels promoting growth Better-regulated abscisic acid for stress response Effects on Plant Quality Nutritional Quality: Protein Content: Enhanced in legume crops Oil Content: Increased in oil-seed crops Mineral Micronutrient Content: Higher concentrations (zinc, iron, manganese) Vitamin Content: Enhanced in fruit and vegetable crops Physical Quality: Improved fruit size and firmness Better shelf-life characteristics Enhanced appearance and marketability Stress-Related Quality: Reduced stress-induced defects Better taste characteristics in vegetables Enhanced aroma compounds in certain crops Effects Under Stress Conditions Drought Stress Alleviation: Maintained growth despite water limitation Enhanced water-use efficiency Reduced leaf wilting and senescence Better osmotic adjustment Salinity Stress Tolerance: Reduced ion toxicity effects Maintained growth under saline conditions Enhanced ion selectivity Cold Stress Tolerance: Maintained growth at lower temperatures Enhanced cold acclimation Better spring emergence in cool climates Effects on Disease Resistance and Plant Health Disease Incidence Reduction: Lower occurrence of soil-borne diseases Reduced pathogen populations through biocontrol Improved plant defense responses Plant Health Indicators: Better plant color and vigor Reduced nutrient deficiency symptoms Stronger stem development Timeline of Observable Effects Early Effects (1-3 weeks post-inoculation): Increased root hair development Enhanced root colonization Early phosphorus mobilization Mid-Season Effects (4-8 weeks): Visible height increase (15% possible) Enhanced leaf area development Improved plant color/chlorophyll Accelerated dry matter accumulation Late-Season Effects (8+ weeks to maturity): Continued yield component development Enhanced reproductive development Maximum biomass and yield expression Cumulative fertilizer-equivalent effect Quantifiable Comparison with Chemical Fertilizers Equivalent Performance: PSB inoculation at 50% nitrogen fertilization achieves growth equivalent to 100% chemical fertilization Cost reduction: 30-50% compared to full chemical fertilization Environmental benefit: 50% reduction in nutrient runoff Yield Security: Yield variability reduced with PSB More stable production across seasons Better stress resilience Consistency and Reliability Performance Factors: Effect consistency: High in well-prepared soils with adequate organic matter Strain-dependent: Different PSB strains show varying effectiveness Crop-specific responses observed Environmental conditions influence magnitude of effects Integration with organic matter enhances results Phosphorous Solubilizing Bacteria Our Products Explore our range of premium Phosphorous Solubilizing Bacteria strains tailored to meet your agricultural needs, promoting phosphorus availability for robust plant growth. Aspergillus awamori Aspergillus awamori solubilizes unavailable phosphorus in acidic soil, enhancing plant nutrient uptake and drought resistance. Restores soil fertility through organic matter breakdown. View Species Bacillus firmus Bacillus firmus enhances phosphorus availability in soil, stimulates root growth, improves fruit quality, and protects against soil-borne diseases. Compatible with bio-pesticides and bio-fertilizers. View Species Bacillus megaterium Bacillus megaterium is a Gram-positive, endospore-forming rhizobacterium recognized for its high-efficiency solubilization of inorganic phosphate compounds. By producing organic acids and phosphatases, it enhances phosphorus bioavailability, promoting early crop establishment, accelerated phenological development, and improved root system architecture. In addition to nutrient mobilization, B. megaterium contributes to soil health by enhancing microbial diversity, facilitating organic matter decomposition, and improving soil structure. It also exhibits antagonistic activity against phytopathogens, supporting natural pest suppression and reducing reliance on chemical pesticides. Compatible with biofertilizers and biopesticides, B. megaterium integrates seamlessly into organic and integrated farming systems, contributing to increased nutrient-use efficiency, enhanced crop resilience, and sustainable yield improvement while enriching soil microbiome. View Species Bacillus polymyxa Bacillus polymyxa improves phosphorus availability by solubilizing phosphate, promotes plant growth through nitrogen fixation and hormone production, and aids bioremediation by breaking down organic pollutants—enhancing soil health for sustainable agriculture. View Species Pseudomonas putida Pseudomonas putida is a beneficial bacterium known for producing growth-promoting substances like indole-3-acetic acid (IAA), enhancing plant development and root architecture. It degrades organic pollutants, improving soil health and structure while making nutrients more bioavailable. Additionally, P. putida boosts plant stress tolerance by mitigating the effects of drought, salinity, and heavy metals, making it invaluable for sustainable agriculture and environmental remediation. View Species Pseudomonas striata Pseudomonas striata improves soil health, enhances root systems, increases plant drought tolerance, optimizes soil nutrition for sustained crop productivity. Compatible with bio-pesticides and bio-fertilizers. View Species 1 1 ... 1 ... 1 Resources Read all

Isaria fumosorosea is a beneficial fungus that acts as a biological insecticide against plant sap-sucking insects like aphids, mites, and mealybugs by disabling their exoskeletons. < Microbial Species Isaria fumosorosea Isaria fumosorosea is a beneficial fungus that acts as a biological insecticide against plant sap-sucking insects like aphids, mites, and mealybugs by disabling their exoskeletons. Strength 1 x 10⁸ CFU per gram / 1 x 10⁹ CFU per gram Product Enquiry Download Brochure Benefits Long-term pest control Provides a sustainable solution without causing resistance in pests. Environmentally friendly Isaria fumosorosea is safe for the environment and non-target organisms. High specificity Targets a wide range of plant sap-sucking insects like aphids, mites, and mealybugs. Effective mode of action Infects insects by disabling their exoskeletons, leading to their demise. Dosage & Application Additional Info Scientific References Mode of Action FAQ Scientific References Content coming soon! Mode of Action Content coming soon! Additional Info Target pests: Aphids, Black Vine Weevil, Broad Mites, Citrus Leafminer, Coleoptera grubs and larvae, Crown weevils, Japanese weevils, Leafminers, Lepidoptera caterpillars and larvae, Mealybugs (Pseudococcidae), Psyllids, Root Worms (Chrysomelidae), Rust Mites (Aceria anthocoptes), Scarid Flies (Lycoriella spp.), Spider Mites (Tetranychidae), Thrips (Thysanoptera), Whiteflies (Aleyrodidae), Wireworms (Elateridae) and more. Recommended Crops: Recommended for controlling insect pests (including mites) on vegetables, fruits, tobacco, mushrooms, and other food crops. Compatibility: Compatible with Bio Pesticides, Bio Fertilizers, and Plant growth hormones but not with chemical fertilizers and chemical pesticides. Shelf Life: Stable within 1 year from the date of manufacturing. Packing: We offer tailor-made packaging as per customers' requirements. Dosage & Application Wettable Powder: 1 x 10⁸ CFU per gram Foliar Application : 1 Acre dose: 2 kg 1 Ha dose: 5 kg Foliar Application for Long Duration Crops / Orchards / Perennials : 1 Acre dose: 2 kg 1 Ha dose: 5 kg Apply 2 times a year: before the onset of monsoon and after the monsoon Soluble Powder: 1 x 10⁹ CFU per gram Foliar Application : 1 Acre dose: 200 g 1 Ha dose: 500 g Foliar Application for Long Duration Crops / Orchards / Perennials : 1 Acre dose: 200 g 1 Ha dose: 500 g Apply 2 times a year: before the onset of monsoon and after the monsoon Application Methods Foliar Application Method : Mix Isaria fumosorosea at recommended doses in sufficient water and spray on soil during the off-season. Apply twice a year for long-duration crops. It is recommended to have the first application before the onset of the main monsoon/rainfall/spring season and the second application after the main monsoon/rainfall/autumn/fall season. Note : Do not store Isaria fumosorosea solution for more than 24 hours after mixing in water. FAQ Content coming soon! Related Products Beauveria bassiana Hirsutella thompsonii Lecanicillium lecanii Metarhizium anisopliae Nomuraea rileyi More Products Resources Read all

Nomuraea Rileyi is a beneficial fungus used as a biological pest control agent targeting lepidopteran insects. It results in an outbreak in the insect host population. < Microbial Species Nomuraea rileyi Nomuraea Rileyi is a beneficial fungus used as a biological pest control agent targeting lepidopteran insects. It results in an outbreak in the insect host… Show More Strength 1 x 10⁸ CFU per gram / 1 x 10⁹ CFU per gram Product Enquiry Download Brochure Benefits High specificity Targets moths, cutworms, and armyworms. Environmentally friendly Safe for the environment and non-target species. Long-term efficacy Provides sustainable pest control without inducing resistance. Effective mode of action Infects pests through contact, leading to population reduction. Dosage & Application Additional Info Scientific References Mode of Action FAQ Scientific References Content coming soon! Mode of Action Content coming soon! Additional Info Target pests: Moths, cutworms or armyworms. Recommended Crops: Cereals, Millets, Pulses, Oilseeds, Fibre Crops, Sugar Crops, Forage Crops, Plantation crops, Vegetables, Fruits, Spices, Flowers, Medicinal crops, Aromatic Crops, Orchards, and Ornamentals. Compatibility: Compatible with Bio Pesticides, Bio Fertilizers, and Plant growth hormones but not with chemical fertilizers and chemical pesticides. Shelf Life: Stable within 1 year from the date of manufacturing. Packing: We offer tailor-made packaging as per customers' requirements. Dosage & Application Wettable Powder: 1 x 10⁸ CFU per gram Foliar Application : 1 Acre dose: 2 kg 1 Ha dose: 5 kg Soil Application (Soil drench or Drip irrigation) : 1 Acre dose: 2-5 kg 1 Ha dose: 5-12.5 kg Soil Application (Soil drench or Drip irrigation) for Long Duration Crops / Orchards / Perennials : 1 Acre dose: 2-5 kg 1 Ha dose: 5-12.5 kg Apply 2 times a year: before onset of monsoon and after monsoon Foliar Application for Long Duration Crops / Orchards / Perennials : 1 Acre dose: 2 kg 1 Ha dose: 5 kg Apply 2 times a year: before onset of monsoon and after monsoon Soluble Powder: 1 x 10⁹ CFU per gram Foliar Application : 1 Acre dose: 200 g 1 Ha dose: 500 g Soil Application (Soil drench or Drip irrigation) : 1 Acre dose: 200-500 g 1 Ha dose: 500 g - 1.25 kg Soil Application (Soil drench or Drip irrigation) for Long Duration Crops / Orchards / Perennials : 1 Acre dose: 200-500 g 1 Ha dose: 500 g - 1.25 kg Apply 2 times a year: before onset of monsoon and after monsoon Application Methods Soil Application Method : Mix at recommended doses with compost and apply at early life stages of crop along with other biofertilizers. Mix Nomuraea Rileyi at recommended doses in sufficient water and drench soil at early leaf stage/2-4 leaf stage/early crop life cycle. Drip Irrigation: If there are insoluble particles, filter the solution and add to drip tank. Long duration crops / Perennial / Orchard crops: Dissolve Nomuraea Rileyi at recommended doses in sufficient water and apply as a drenching spray near the root zone during the off-season, twice a year. It is recommended to have the first application before the onset of the main monsoon/rainfall/spring season and the second application after the main monsoon/rainfall/autumn/fall season. Termatarium application: Destroy the termatarium and drench the termatarium area with a liberal quantity of water with recommended doses. Foliar Application Method : Mix Nomuraea Rileyi at recommended doses in sufficient water and spray on foliage. Apply twice a year for long duration crops. It is recommended to have the first application before the onset of the main monsoon/rainfall/spring season and the second application after the main monsoon/rainfall/autumn/fall season. Note : Do not store Nomuraea Rileyi solution for more than 24 hours after mixing in water. FAQ Content coming soon! Related Products Beauveria bassiana Hirsutella thompsonii Isaria fumosorosea Lecanicillium lecanii Metarhizium anisopliae More Products Resources Read all

< Crop Kits Blast Blast (Pyricularia spp.) causes lesions on leaves and panicles. Prevention includes resistant varieties and fungicide application. Product Enquiry Download Brochure Benefits Composition Dosage & Application Additional Info Dosage & Application Additional Info Related Products Aminomax SP Annomax BioProtek Biocupe Neem Plus Seed Protek Silicomax Dates Pro More Products Resources Read all

Metarhizium anisopliae is a globally distributed entomopathogenic fungus that parasitizes over 200 insect species by adhering to and penetrating their cuticle using specialized appressoria and cuticle-degrading enzymes. Its safety profile includes minimal vertebrate toxicity and limited non-target impacts when used at label rates, making it a key component of integrated pest management. < Microbial Species Metarhizium anisopliae Metarhizium anisopliae is a globally distributed entomopathogenic fungus that parasitizes over 200 insect species by adhering to and penetrating their cuticle using specialized appressoria and… Show More Strength 1 x 10⁸ CFU per gram / 1 x 10⁹ CFU per gram Product Enquiry Download Brochure Benefits Effective mode of action Infects pests through contact, leading to population reduction. Long-term efficacy Provides sustainable pest control without inducing resistance. Environmentally friendly Safe for the environment and non-target species. High specificity Targets root weevils, plant hoppers, Japanese beetles, and more. Dosage & Application Additional Info Scientific References Mode of Action FAQ Scientific References Zimmermann G. Review on safety of the entomopathogenic fungus Metarhizium anisopliae . Biocontrol Science & Technology. 2007;17(9):879–920. https://doi.org/10.1080/09583150701593963 Ortiz-Urquiza A, Keyhani NO. Action on the surface: entomopathogenic fungi versus the insect cuticle. Insects. 2013;4(3):357–374. https://doi.org/10.3390/insects4030357 Milner RJ, Lim RP, Hunter DM. Risks to the aquatic ecosystem from the application of Metarhizium anisopliae for locust control in Australia. Pest Management Science. 2002;58(7):718–723. https://doi.org/10.1002/ps.517 Wang C, St. Leger RJ. Insights into the molecular basis of host specificity in Metarhizium . Advances in Genetics. 2016;94:241–275. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.advenzreg.2016.02.005 Mode of Action Mode of Action Metarhizium anisopliae infects insects via a multistep process: – Adhesion & Germination : Conidia adhere to the waxy insect cuticle using hydrophobins, then germinate and form an appressorium. – Cuticle Penetration : Appressoria generate penetration pegs that breach the cuticle through mechanical pressure and secretion of proteases (Pr1), chitinases, and lipases. – Haemocoel Colonization : Once inside, hyphal bodies (“blastospores”) proliferate in the hemolymph. Fungal proteases and toxins (destruxins) suppress host immunity, inducing septicaemia. – Cadaver Sporulation : After insect death (4–14 days), hyphae erupt and sporulate, releasing new conidia into the environment. – Plant Interaction (Endophytism) : Certain Metarhizium strains colonize plant roots, promoting growth via phytohormone modulation and nutrient solubilization, although this symbiosis is under active investigation. Additional Info Target pests: Root weevils, plant hoppers, Japanese beetle, black vine weevil, spittlebug, termites, white grubs. Recommended Crops: Cereals, Millets, Pulses, Oilseeds, Fibre Crops, Sugar Crops, Forage Crops, Plantation crops, Vegetables, Fruits, Spices, Flowers, Medicinal crops, Aromatic Crops, Orchards, and Ornamentals. Compatibility: Compatible with Bio Pesticides, Bio Fertilizers, and Plant growth hormones but not with chemical fertilizers and chemical pesticides. Shelf Life: Stable within 1 year from the date of manufacturing. Packing: We offer tailor-made packaging as per customers' requirements. Dosage & Application Wettable Powder: 1 x 10⁸ CFU per gram Foliar Application : 1 Acre dose: 2 kg 1 Ha dose: 5 kg Soil Application (Soil drench or Drip irrigation) : 1 Acre dose: 2-5 kg 1 Ha dose: 5-12.5 kg Soil Application (Soil drench or Drip irrigation) for Long Duration Crops / Orchards / Perennials : 1 Acre dose: 2-5 kg 1 Ha dose: 5-12.5 kg Apply 2 times a year: before onset of monsoon and after monsoon Foliar Application for Long Duration Crops / Orchards / Perennials : 1 Acre dose: 2 kg 1 Ha dose: 5 kg Apply 2 times a year: before onset of monsoon and after monsoon Soluble Powder: 1 x 10⁹ CFU per gram Foliar Application : 1 Acre dose: 200 g 1 Ha dose: 500 g Soil Application (Soil drench or Drip irrigation) : 1 Acre dose: 200-500 g 1 Ha dose: 500 g - 1.25 kg Soil Application (Soil drench or Drip irrigation) for Long Duration Crops / Orchards / Perennials : 1 Acre dose: 200-500 g 1 Ha dose: 500 g - 1.25 kg Apply 2 times a year: before onset of monsoon and after monsoon Application Methods Soil Application Method : Mix Metarhizium Anisopliae at recommended doses with compost and apply at early life stages of crop along with other biofertilizers. Mix Metarhizium Anisopliae at recommended doses in sufficient water and drench soil at early leaf stage/2-4 leaf stage/early crop life cycle. Drip Irrigation: If there are insoluble particles, filter the solution and add to drip tank. Long duration crops / Perennial / Orchard crops: Dissolve Metarhizium Anisopliae at recommended doses in sufficient water and apply as a drenching spray near the root zone during the off-season, twice a year. It is recommended to have the first application before the onset of the main monsoon/rainfall/spring season and the second application after the main monsoon/rainfall/autumn/fall season. Termatarium application: Destroy the termatarium and drench the termatarium area with a liberal quantity of water with recommended doses. Foliar Application Method : Mix Metarhizium Anisopliae at recommended doses in sufficient water and spray on foliage. Apply twice a year for long duration crops. It is recommended to have the first application before the onset of the main monsoon/rainfall/spring season and the second application after the main monsoon/rainfall/autumn/fall season. Note : Do not store Metarhizium Anisopliae solution for more than 24 hours after mixing in water. FAQ Metarhizium anisopliae is an entomopathogenic fungus targeting over 200 insect pests via cuticle penetration, hemolymph invasion, and sporulation—safe for vertebrates with low non-target impact.[ frontiersin ] How Can Metarhizium anisopliae Be Used for Effective Pest Control? Apply M. anisopliae (1×10⁸ CFU/g WP or 1×10⁹ CFU/g SP) against soil/foliar pests like root weevils, white grubs, termites, aphids, thrips, and locusts. Mortality occurs in 4-14 days at 20-30°C and >70% RH; conidia adhere via hydrophobins, penetrate with proteases/chitinases, colonize hemolymph with destruxins.[ ppl-ai-file-upload.s3.amazonaws ] Key tips : Target early instars for faster kill. Combine with oils for adhesion. Integrate with IPM; avoid fungicides.[ frontiersin ] What Are the Best Ways to Apply Metarhizium anisopliae in the Field? Use foliar spray, soil drench/drip, or termatarium drench. Optimal: Late afternoon/early morning, >60% RH, 18-30°C; fine-medium droplets, no runoff. Is Metarhizium anisopliae Effective for Controlling Ticks? Yes, M. anisopliae controls ticks like Haemaphysalis longicornis , Rhipicephalus microplus , Ixodes scapularis (Lyme vector)—66-97% mortality in lab/field, reducing egg hatch/engorgement. Virulent against acaricide-resistant strains; mycosis in 36-90% cadavers.pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih+3 Efficacy data : Nymphs: 87-96% reduction post-spray.[ academic.oup ] Cattle: Mazao Tickoff matches chemicals.[ pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih ] Safe: Low persistence minimizes non-targets.[ frontiersin ] Apply as yard spray/autodissemination; persist weeks in soil.pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih+1 How Can You Improve the Growth and Performance of Metarhizium anisopliae? Optimize culture: 25-28°C, 70-90% RH, rice/grain substrates; add oils/nutrients for conidia yield. Field: High humidity (mist if <70%), shade (UV kills spores), strain selection (e.g., JEF-290 for ticks).frontiersin+1[ ppl-ai-file-upload.s3.amazonaws ] Enhancement strategies : Formulation : Oil emulsions boost adhesion/viability.[ benchchem ] Strains : Endophytic types promote plant growth + pest control.pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih+1 Co-application : With plant extracts (e.g., Artemisia) synergizes LT50.[ frontiersin ] Storage : Cool/dry; viability >90% year 1.[ ppl-ai-file-upload.s3.amazonaws ] Seed priming/root colonization improves persistence/growth promotion.[ pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih ] Related : Mode of action at Metarhizium page .[ ppl-ai-file-upload.s3.amazonaws ] Further Reading Tick Control with Metarhizium [ frontiersin ] Field Efficacy Studies [ pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih ] Application Protocols [ benchchem ] Related Products Beauveria bassiana Hirsutella thompsonii Isaria fumosorosea Lecanicillium lecanii Nomuraea rileyi More Products Resources Read all

< Crop Kits Seed Protek SeedProtek is a seed treatment with Mycorrhiza, PGPR, and nutrient-mobilizing microbes for germination and stress tolerance. Product Enquiry Download Brochure Improved Nutrient Uptake Mobilizes key nutrients including nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, and micronutrients through specialized microbial strains. Stronger Germination and Disease Defense Promotes uniform seed germination and suppresses soil-borne diseases, ensuring healthier early-stage development. Enhanced Root Proliferation Stimulates vigorous root growth through PGPR and mycorrhizae, improving nutrient access and plant anchorage. Increased Stress Tolerance Boosts drought resistance and helps plants withstand both biotic and abiotic stress via mycorrhizal symbiosis and beneficial metabolites. Benefits Content coming soon! Composition Dosage & Application Additional Info Dosage & Application Seed dressing for crops: Wheat, Barley, Rice, Soybean, Peanuts, and similar crops with seed rate of 100–120 Kg / Ha. Apply 2 mL/kg seed Additional Info Mode of Action Microbes in SeedProtek multiply as the roots grow in a three-dimensional way around the root system. Biofertilizers: Nitrogen-fixing bacteria help fix atmospheric nitrogen into the soil Phosphorus-solubilizing bacteria assist in better solubilization of fixed phosphorus Potassium-mobilizing bacteria : Potash is an expensive element and usually gets leached out. The bacteria mobilize potassium and make it available to the plant Mycorrhiza colonizes the root system and extends hyphae beyond the root system, reaching into zones not normally accessed by the root. This ensures plants get more phosphorus and other micronutrients from ‘far away’ zones. Mycorrhiza offers unique biostimulant properties that enhance tolerance to biotic and abiotic stress PGPR (Plant Growth Promoting Rhizobacteria): Silica-solubilizing bacteria impart drought tolerance and promote robust growth Bacillus spp promotes a healthy root system and has a fungistatic action Trichoderma spp enhances root growth and has a fungistatic action Organic acids and enzymes secreted by the microbes help mobilize various fixed elements in the soil Storage Requirements Store below 40°C in a cool, dry, well-ventilated place. Keep away from sunlight, children, and animals. Do not store in metallic containers. Keep tightly closed when not in use. Handling Precautions Use standard hygiene and safety practices for agricultural products. Related Products Aminomax SP Annomax BioProtek Biocupe Neem Plus Silicomax Dates Pro BloomX More Products Resources Read all

Rhodopseudomonas viridis is an anoxygenic phototrophic bacterium widely studied for its well-characterized photosynthetic reaction center, which has provided critical insights into electron transfer and energy conversion processes. It plays a significant role in sulfur cycling by oxidizing reduced sulfur compounds and contributes to carbon cycling through CO₂ fixation and organic compound metabolism. These properties underline its ecological importance and potential for applications in bioenergy and synthetic biology. < Microbial Species Rhodopseudomonas viridis Rhodopseudomonas viridis is an anoxygenic phototrophic bacterium widely studied for its well-characterized photosynthetic reaction center, which has provided critical insights into electron transfer and energy… Show More Strength 1 x 10⁹ CFU per gram / 1 x 10¹⁰ CFU per gram Product Enquiry Download Brochure Benefits Bioremediation Efficiency Effective in degrading various pollutants, including hydrocarbons and toxic compounds, aiding environmental cleanup. Nitrogen Fixation Capable of fixing atmospheric nitrogen, enhancing soil fertility and promoting plant health. Photosynthetic Capability Utilizes light energy for growth, contributing to sustainable biomass production. Plant Growth Promotion Enhances nutrient availability in the soil, supporting healthier plant growth and improved crop yields. Dosage & Application Additional Info Scientific References Mode of Action FAQ Scientific References Content coming soon! Mode of Action Content coming soon! Additional Info Contact us for more details Dosage & Application Contact us for more details FAQ Content coming soon! Related Products Saccharomyces cerevisiae Bacillus polymyxa Thiobacillus novellus Thiobacillus thiooxidans Alcaligenes denitrificans Bacillus licheniformis Bacillus macerans Citrobacter braakii More Products Resources Read all

Aspergillus niger is a beneficial filamentous fungus widely used in agriculture for its ability to produce enzymes that enhance composting and improve soil fertility. Known for breaking down organic matter through enzymes - cellulases, amylases, and pectinases, Asp. niger accelerates the decomposition of agricultural waste into nutrient-rich compost. This compost acts as a natural fertilizer, enriching the soil with essential nutrients, improving its structure, and promoting water retention. Additionally, Asp. niger contributes to bioremediation by degrading harmful chemicals and pollutants, making it an eco-friendly solution for sustainable waste management. As a fungal activator, it plays a crucial role in integrated pest management by indirectly suppressing soil-borne pathogens and pests, fostering healthier and more resilient crops. < Microbial Species Aspergillus niger Aspergillus niger is a beneficial filamentous fungus widely used in agriculture for its ability to produce enzymes that enhance composting and improve soil fertility. Known… Show More Strength 1 x 10⁸ CFU per gram / 1 x 10⁹ CFU per gram Product Enquiry Download Brochure Benefits Suppresses pathogens This fungus can inhibit the growth of harmful pathogens in compost, contributing to safer and healthier composting practices. Enhances soil fertility The activities of Aspergillus niger contribute to nutrient release and soil structure improvement, enhancing fertility over time. Accelerates composting process Aspergillus niger produces enzymes that break down organic matter more efficiently, speeding up the composting process. Reduces composting odor By breaking down organic material effectively, Aspergillus niger helps reduce unpleasant odors associated with composting. Dosage & Application Additional Info Scientific References Mode of Action FAQ Scientific References Padmavathi, T. (2015). Optimization of phosphate solubilization by Aspergillus niger using Plackett-Burman and response surface methodology. Chilean Journal of Agricultural Research , 75(3), 310-316. scielo Asadi, M., et al. (2019). Improving municipal solid waste compost process by cycle time reduction through Aspergillus niger IBRC-M 30095 inoculation. Environmental Science and Pollution Research , 26(8), 7414-7424. pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih Yang, M., et al. (2022). Aspergillus niger as a biological input for improving vegetable crop productivity and soil health. Scientific Reports , 12, 4756. pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih Zhang, L., et al. (2023). Combination of Aspergillus niger MJ1 with nitrogen-fixing bacteria improved crop quality and soil properties in barrier soil. Frontiers in Microbiology , 14, 1064358. frontiersin Kumar, S., et al. (2021). Profiling multi-enzyme activities of Aspergillus niger strains growing on different carbon sources for biotechnological applications. Microbial Cell Factories , 20, 234. pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih Rodríguez, H., et al. (2024). Phosphate-solubilizing microorganisms stimulate physiological responses with straw compost assistance. Agronomy , 14(5), 1008. mdpi Chen, W., et al. (2022). Metabolomic profiling and bio-efficacy of Aspergillus niger against soil-borne plant pathogens. Frontiers in Microbiology , 14, 1142144. frontiersin Ahmed, A., et al. (2021). Bioremediation of synthetic and industrial effluents by Aspergillus niger isolated from contaminated soil. Water Research , 185, 116248. pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih Mode of Action Phosphate Solubilization Mechanism Aspergillus niger employs multiple biochemical pathways to mobilize insoluble phosphorus compounds. The fungus produces various organic acids including citric acid (up to 150 g/L), gluconic acid, and oxalic acid that effectively lower soil pH and chelate phosphorus-binding cations. The acidification process dissolves tricalcium phosphate, aluminum phosphate, and iron phosphate, converting them into readily available forms for plant uptake. pjoes+3 Enzymatic Decomposition of Organic Matter The fungus secretes a comprehensive enzyme complex including cellulases (up to 10.50 U/mL), amylases (4.47 U/mL), pectinases, and xylanases that systematically break down lignocellulosic materials. These enzymes operate synergistically to depolymerize complex carbohydrates, proteins, and lignin compounds, accelerating the transformation of crop residues and organic waste into nutrient-rich humus. sciencedirect+3 Biofilm Formation and Soil Colonization Aspergillus niger forms extensive hyphal networks and biofilms that enhance soil structure and water-holding capacity. The fungal mycelia create micro-aggregates that improve soil porosity, aeration, and root penetration while establishing beneficial associations with plant root systems. pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih+3 Heavy Metal Immobilization and Detoxification The fungus produces specialized metabolites and organic acids that bind heavy metals through chelation and precipitation mechanisms. This process effectively removes toxic metals from soil solution while preventing their uptake by plants, contributing to soil remediation and environmental safety. communities.springernature+3 Antimicrobial Compound Production Aspergillus niger synthesizes various bioactive compounds including antibiotics, antifungals, and growth inhibitors that suppress soil-borne pathogens. The competitive exclusion and direct antagonism reduce disease pressure while promoting beneficial microbial communities in the rhizosphere. pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih+2 Plant Growth Hormone Regulation The fungus influences plant endogenous hormone levels, particularly auxins and cytokinins, promoting root development and enhancing nutrient uptake efficiency. This hormonal modulation results in improved plant vigor, stress tolerance, and overall productivity. pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih+1 Additional Info Recommended Crops: Cereals, Millets, Pulses, Oilseeds, Fibre Crops, Sugar Crops, Forage Crops, Plantation crops, Vegetables, Fruits, Spices, Flowers, Medicinal crops, Aromatic Crops, Orchards, and Ornamentals. Compatibility: Compatible with Bio Pesticides, Bio Fertilizers, and Plant growth hormones but not with chemical fertilizers and chemical pesticides that may inhibit fungal activity. Shelf Life: Stable within 1 year from the date of manufacturing when stored under proper conditions. Packing: We offer tailor-made packaging as per customers' requirements including bulk packaging, small sachets, and customized formulations. pH Tolerance: Effective across a wide pH range from acidic (3.5) to alkaline (9.0) conditions, making it suitable for diverse soil types. Temperature Range: Optimal activity between 25-35°C with survival capability from 15-53°C. Application Rate: 2-5 kg per hectare depending on soil conditions and crop requirements. Certification: GRAS (Generally Recognized as Safe) status by FDA for agricultural applications. Dosage & Application Seed Coating/Seed Treatment: Mix 10-15 grams of Aspergillus niger with sufficient water to create a slurry. Coat 1 kg of seeds with this mixture, dry in shade for 2-4 hours, and sow or broadcast in the field. This provides early protection and growth stimulation. Seedling Treatment: Prepare a solution of 100 grams of Aspergillus niger in sufficient water. Dip seedling roots into the solution for 30 minutes before transplanting to establish beneficial fungal colonization. Soil Treatment: Mix 2.5-5 kg per hectare of Aspergillus niger with organic manure or compost. Incorporate the mixture into soil during land preparation or at the time of planting to enhance soil fertility and structure. Composting Application: Add 1-2 kg of Aspergillus niger per ton of organic waste at the beginning of composting process. Mix thoroughly to accelerate decomposition and improve compost quality within 18-25 days. Irrigation/Fertigation: Dissolve 2.5-5 kg per hectare of Aspergillus niger in irrigation water and apply through drip irrigation or soil drenching to establish rhizosphere colonization. Foliar Application: Mix 50 grams per 100 liters of water and spray during early morning or evening hours for enhanced plant protection and growth promotion. This comprehensive content provides all the missing information for the Aspergillus niger page, covering its multifunctional benefits in agriculture, detailed FAQ responses, scientific backing, mode of action mechanisms, and practical application guidelines. The content emphasizes the fungus's role in sustainable agriculture, soil health improvement, and eco-friendly farming practices while providing practical guidance for farmers and agricultural professionals. FAQ What is the primary function of Aspergillus niger in agriculture? Aspergillus niger functions as a powerful phosphate-solubilizing fungus that converts insoluble phosphorus compounds into plant-available forms while producing enzymes that accelerate organic matter decomposition and improve soil fertility. Get full information about primary function of Aspergillus niger in agriculture . How does Aspergillus niger improve composting efficiency? The fungus produces cellulases, pectinases, and xylanases that break down lignocellulosic materials rapidly, reducing composting time to 18 days while creating nutrient-rich, stable compost with improved agronomic value. Know more in details how does Aspergillus niger improve composting efficiency . Is Aspergillus niger safe for agricultural use? A: Yes, Aspergillus niger is classified as Generally Recognized as Safe (GRAS) by the FDA and is completely natural and non-toxic to plants, humans, and beneficial soil organisms. It is widely used in organic farming practices. Get full information about how Aspergillus niger safe for agricultural use . Can Aspergillus niger help with heavy metal contamination? Yes, the fungus effectively removes heavy metals from contaminated soils through organic acid production and chelation mechanisms, making it valuable for bioremediation applications. What crops benefit most from Aspergillus niger application? All major crop categories benefit, including vegetables, fruits, cereals, and legumes. Research shows particularly significant improvements in cucumber, lettuce, and other vegetable crops with enhanced yield and quality parameters. Check here what crops benefit most from Aspergillus niger application in details. How long does Aspergillus niger remain active in soil? The fungus establishes persistent populations in soil and remains active for several months, providing continuous benefits through phosphate solubilization, enzyme production, and organic matter decomposition. Get full information about how long does Aspergillus niger remain active in soil . Can Aspergillus niger be combined with other biofertilizers? Yes, it works synergistically with other beneficial microorganisms including nitrogen-fixing bacteria and mycorrhizal fungi to create comprehensive soil health management systems. What are the storage requirements for Aspergillus niger products? Store in a cool, dry place below 25°C away from direct sunlight to preserve spore viability and enzymatic activity. Follow product-specific instructions for optimal results. Related Products Aspergillus oryzae Cellulomonas carate Cellulomonas gelida Cellulomonas uda More Products Resources Read all

Boost crop health with RootX from Indogulf BioAg. High-quality, organic root growth enhancer. Trusted by farmers globally for vibrant, thriving crops. < Crop Kits Dates Pro Dates PRO is an organic alternative to urea, providing essential nutrients that enhance plant health, strengthen crops, and boost overall yield. Product Enquiry Download Brochure Comprehensive Nutrient Coverage Ensures all essential nutrients in organic form for balanced plant growth. Enhanced Stress Tolerance Supports resilience against environmental stresses and promotes robust plant development. Improved Quality and Taste Enhances organoleptic qualities, improving flavor and sensory attributes of produce. Enhanced Flowering and Yield Promotes better flowering, reduces flower dropping, and enhances grain and fruit formation. Benefits Components DATES PRO consists of bioactive humic and fulvic substances of vermicompost origin. It consists of cytokinins, auxins, betaines and gibberellins that are derived from seaweed fermentation. It consists of biologically derived N,P,K and trace elements from vermi compost and seaweed which aid in better root and shoot growth and supplement the plant with essential nutrients at critical stages of crop growth. Free from Salmonella, Shigella , E.Coli. Composition Dosage & Application Additional Info Dosage & Application Drip System: Mix 12 liters of DATE PRO thoroughly with plain water and apply to a 1-hectare planting area using drip irrigation. Apply once at planting and again at the flowering stage. Drenching System: Apply DATE PRO dropwise to the main water source for planting. Let normal water run for up to 10 minutes, then begin applying the soaked DATE PRO. Dosage: 12 Liters / Hectare Apply once at planting or at the flowering stage. Additional Info Shelf Life & Packaging Storage: Store in a cool, dry place at room temperature Shelf Life: 24 months from the date of manufacture at room temperature Packaging: 1 litre bottle Related Products Aminomax SP Annomax BioProtek Biocupe Neem Plus Seed Protek Silicomax BloomX More Products Resources Read all