Nutrient Addition

Fertilizers add nutrients directly to the soil. These nutrients are taken up by plant roots and used for growth and development. For example, nitrogen promotes leaf and stem growth, phosphorus supports root development and flowering, and potassium enhances overall plant health and disease resistance.

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Soil Conditioning

Organic fertilizers, such as compost or manure, improve soil structure by increasing organic matter content. This enhances soil aeration and water-holding capacity, creating a better environment for root growth and microbial activity.

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Nutrient Transformation

Some fertilizers contain microorganisms that transform soil nutrients into forms that are more easily absorbed by plants. For example, certain bacteria fix atmospheric nitrogen, converting it into a usable form for plants. Other microbes can solubilize phosphate, making it available for plant uptake.

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Hormone Production

Certain bio-fertilizers contain substances that stimulate plant growth hormones. These hormones can promote root growth, improve stress resistance, and enhance nutrient uptake efficiency.

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Biopesticidal Effects

Some fertilizers, particularly organic ones, contain natural compounds that can suppress harmful soil pathogens and pests, reducing the need for chemical pesticides.